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العلاقات الثنائية لروسيا مع دول شرق البحر المتوسط من حيث مفهوم التوازن الناعم

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 179 - 206, 14.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1217281

Abstract

بعد انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي ، بدأت روسيا في عكس التجربة الصعبة التي مرت بها على الساحة الدولية ومحليًا منذ العقد الأول من القرن الحادي والعشرين ، وكهدف جديد للسياسة الخارجية ، سعت إلى توسيع دائرة نفوذها ، خاصة في مناطق معينة. في إطار الخطاب العالمي متعدد الأقطاب ، ركزت روسيا على شرق البحر الأبيض المتوسط ، الذي ازدادت أهميته الاستراتيجية مع اكتشاف موارد طاقة جديدة في السنوات الأخيرة ، لاكتساب القوة على الساحة الدولية. انتهزت روسيا فرصة تطوير العلاقات الثنائية مع دول المنطقة بشكل فعال في عام 2011 بتدخل روسيا في الحرب الأهلية السورية. في الختام ، الهدف من الدراسة هو البحث عن إجابات حول تطور العلاقات الثنائية لروسيا مع دول شرق البحر المتوسط ومدى سياسات التوازن الناعمة التي تستخدمها روسيا مع دول المنطقة التي تهدف إلى إقامة مجال نفوذها الخاص في الشرق الأوسط.

References

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  • Demiryol, Tolga. “Türkiye-Rusya İlişkilerinde Enerjinin Rolü: Asimetrik Karşılıklı Bağımlılık ve Sınırları”. (The Role of Energy in Turkey-Russia Relations: Asymmetrical Interdependence and Its Limits). Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17 (4), (2018): 1438-1455
  • Noskov, Alexey Y. “Интересы российских, турецких и европейских нефтегазовых компаний в Восточном Средиземноморье”. (Interests of Russian, Turkish and European Oil and Gas Companies in the Eastern Mediterranean). Çeloveçeskiy Kapital, № 2 (86) 2 0 1 6
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  • Timakova, Olga A. “Новая Расстановка Сил В Средиземноморье”, (The New Balance Of Forces In The Medıterranean), Вестник Дипломатической Академии Мид России. № 1 (23), 2020:68-80
  • Vtorushin, Yuri I. and Koshkin, Ruslan P. “Российско-Египетские Отношения И Их Влияние На Стабилизацию Региональной Ситуации На Ближнем Востоке”. (Russian-Egyptian Relations And Their Impact On The Stabilizatıon Of The Regional Situation In The Middle East). Стратегические Приоритеты, No. 1 (21), (2019):18-28
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  • Holtom, Paul. Bromley, Mark. Wezeman, Pieter D. and Wezeman, Siemon T. “Trends In Internatıonal Arms Transfers, 2011”, SIPRI Fact Sheet, March 2012, accessed September 21,2021 https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/FS/SIPRIFS1203.pdf
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Bilateral Relations of Russia with Eastern Mediterranean Countries in Terms of Soft Balancing Concept

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 179 - 206, 14.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1217281

Abstract

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia started to reverse the difficult experience it had in the international arena and domestically from the 2000s, and as a new foreign policy target, it sought to expand its sphere of influence, especially in certain regions. Within the framework of the multipolar world discourse, Russia has focused on the Eastern Mediterranean, whose strategic importance has increased with the discovery of new energy resources in recent years, to gain power in the international arena. Russia seized the opportunity to develop bilateral relations with the countries of the region effectively in the region in 2011 with Russia's intervention in the Syrian civil war. In conclusion, the aim of the study is to seek answers about the development of Russia's bilateral relations with the Eastern Mediterranean countries and the extent of the soft balancing policies used by Russia with the regional countries that aim to establish its own sphere of influence in the region.

References

  • BIBLIOGRAPHY Ahmed, Muhammed H. “Россия и Египет: курс на сближение”. (Russia and Egypt: a course towards rapprochement), Вестник РУДН, серия Международные отношения, № 3 (2014):158-164
  • Art, Robert J. Brooksand, Stephen G. Wohlforth, William C. Lieber, Keir A. and Alexander, Gerard “Correspondence: Striking the Balance”, International Security, VOL 30, No: 3, (2005): 177-196
  • Aydın, Abdullah. “Rusya’nın Enerji ve Güney Kıbrıs Politikası”.(Russia's Energy and Southern Cyprus Policy). Stratejik Analiz Dergisi, 10(89), (2019):30-33
  • Cropsey, Seth and Brown, Erıc. “Energy: The West’s strategic opportunity in the Eastern Mediterranean”. Washington, D.C. Hudson Institute. (2014):1-47
  • Demiryol, Tolga. “Türkiye-Rusya İlişkilerinde Enerjinin Rolü: Asimetrik Karşılıklı Bağımlılık ve Sınırları”. (The Role of Energy in Turkey-Russia Relations: Asymmetrical Interdependence and Its Limits). Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17 (4), (2018): 1438-1455
  • Noskov, Alexey Y. “Интересы российских, турецких и европейских нефтегазовых компаний в Восточном Средиземноморье”. (Interests of Russian, Turkish and European Oil and Gas Companies in the Eastern Mediterranean). Çeloveçeskiy Kapital, № 2 (86) 2 0 1 6
  • Özbay, Fatih. “Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Türkiye-Rusya İlişkileri: 1992-2010”, (Turkey-Russia Relations After the Cold War: 1992-2010). Bilge Strateji, Volume 2, Issue 4, Spring 2011:35-77
  • Timakova, Olga A. “Новая Расстановка Сил В Средиземноморье”, (The New Balance Of Forces In The Medıterranean), Вестник Дипломатической Академии Мид России. № 1 (23), 2020:68-80
  • Vtorushin, Yuri I. and Koshkin, Ruslan P. “Российско-Египетские Отношения И Их Влияние На Стабилизацию Региональной Ситуации На Ближнем Востоке”. (Russian-Egyptian Relations And Their Impact On The Stabilizatıon Of The Regional Situation In The Middle East). Стратегические Приоритеты, No. 1 (21), (2019):18-28
  • Yılmaz, Erkan. “Uluslararası Güç Dengeleri Bağlamında Türkiye-Rusya İlişkileri”, (Turkey-Russia Relations in the Context of International Balance of Power). TURANSAM, Uluslararası Bilimsel Hakemli Dergisi: p-ISSN: 1308-8041,Year: 2020; Month: December; Volume: 12/AUTUMN, Issue: 48 (2020).
  • Yılmaz, Salih and Yakşi, Abdullah.”Osmanlı Devleti’nden Günümüze Türk-Rus İlişkileri”, (Turkish-Russian Relations from the Ottoman Empire to the Present). TYB Akademi. Issue:17, May, 2016:9-57
  • WEBSITES Anadolu Ajansı. “Türkiye ile Rusya arasında Türk Akımı projesi için anlaşma imzalandı”, (Agreement signed between Turkey and Russia for the Turkish Stream project ). Accessed June 05, 2021 https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/turkiye-ile-rusya-arasinda-turkakimi-projesi-icin-anlasma-imzalandi/662282,
  • Andrey Latyshev.“Российская Военная Операция В Сирии: Итоги Спустя Пять Лет”. (Russian military operation in Syria: results after five years). İnternational Studies 2020, accessed June 19,2021. https://internationalstudies.ru/rossijskaya-voennaya-operatsiya-v-sirii-itogispustya-pyat-let/,
  • BBC Türkçe.“S-400 ve F-35: ABD ile Türkiye arasındaki kriz hakkında bilinmesi gerekenler”.(S-400 and F-35: What to know about the crisis between the USA and Turkey.) accessed August 14,2021 https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-47809807
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  • Cision PR Newswire. “Levant LNG signs Breakthrough Floating LNG Agreement with Gazprom Marketing”, accessed 21 September 2022, https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/levant-lng-signs-breakthrough-floating-lng-agreement-with-gazprom-marketing-and-trading-switzerland-ag-a-landmark-deal-that-will-propel-natural-gas-distribution-worldwide-193275391.html
  • EPDK. “2017 Yılı Doğalgaz Piyasası Sektör Raporu”. (Natural Gas Market 2017 Sector Report). Ankara: EPDK. accessed September 20, 2021 http://www.epdk.org.tr/TR/Dokumanlar/Petrol/YayinlarRaporlar/Yillik
  • EPDK. “Doğal Gaz Piyasası 2019 Yılı Sektör Raporu”. (Natural Gas Market 2019 Sector Report). T.C. Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara, 2020. accessed September 20,2021 https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/dogal-gazyillik-sektor-raporu
  • Epstein, Alec D. and Kozheurov, Stanislav. “Россия и Израиль: трудный путь навстречу”, (Russia and Israel: a difficult path to meet), Институт Ближнего Востока, 2011. accessed September 20, 2022 https://www.4italka.ru/nauka_obrazovanie/politika/370855/fulltext.htm
  • European Commission. “Countries and regions: Israel”, accessed September 18, 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/israel/,
  • European Commission. “Quarterly Report Energy on European Gas Markets”, Volume 12, 2019:1-43 accessed September 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/quarterly_report_on_european_gas_markets_q4_2019_final.pdf
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  • Gözügüzelli, Emete. “Rusya-GKRY İlişkileri ve Türkiyesiz bir Kıbrıs”.( Russia-Greek Cypriot Relations and a Cyprus without Turkey). Star- Kıbrıs 2015, accessed April 19,2021, http://www.starkibris.net/index.asp?haberID=199167
  • Holtom, Paul. Bromley, Mark. Wezeman, Pieter D. and Wezeman, Siemon T. “Trends In Internatıonal Arms Transfers, 2011”, SIPRI Fact Sheet, March 2012, accessed September 21,2021 https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/FS/SIPRIFS1203.pdf
  • Izvestia.“Анкара договорилась с Москвой о помощи в сооружении первой АЭС”, (Ankara agreed with Moscow on assistance in the construction of the first nuclear power plant), accessed April 06,2021 http://izvestia.ru/news/464610,
  • Khodarenok, Mikhail. “Ближний Восток вооружается: куда Россия и США продают оружие”. (The Middle East is arming: where Russia and the United States are selling weapons), Gazeta.ru (2021), accessed June 19, 2021.https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2021/03/15/13512284.shtml,
  • Malysheva, Dina. “Россия в Средиземноморье: геополитика и современные интересы”. (Russia in the Mediterranean: Geopolitics and Contemporary Interests). Международная Жизнь (2015), accessed April 01,2021. https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/1404
  • Matveev, İgor.“Россия и Ближний Восток: Энергетическое Сотрудничество”. (Russia and the Middle East: Energy Cooperation). Газета "Энергетика и промышленность России". 19 (231), 2013 accessed March 07, 2020. https://www.eprussia.ru/epr/231/15424.htm,
  • Ministerstvo Ekonomicheskogo Razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii. “Алексей Улюкаев: торговля России с Египтом растет”, (Aleksey Ulyukaev: Russia's trade with Egypt is growing), accessed June 17,2021 http://old.economy.gov.ru/minec/about/structure/depAsiaAfrica/20160616
  • NEWRU. “Русский фактор в Израиле всегда брался в расчет . Интервью с послом”. (The Russian factor in Israel has always been taken into account. Ambassador interview), accessed April 15, 2021. https://www.newsru.co.il/israel/12jun2009/stegniy_105.html,
  • NTV. “Bakan Varank: Akkuyu 2023'te elektrik üretmeye başlayacak”, accessed February 18,2021 https://www.ntv.com.tr/ekonomi/bakan-varank-akkuyu-2023te-elektrik-uretmeyebaslayacak,B9QicBTwA0-Cp_DzQWNdRw,
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Yumuşak Dengeleme Kavramı Açısından Rusya'nın Doğu Akdeniz Ülkeleriyle İkili İlişkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 179 - 206, 14.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1217281

Abstract

Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasının ardından Rusya, 2000'li yıllardan itibaren uluslararası alanda ve yurt içinde yaşadığı zorlu tecrübeyi tersine çevirmeye başlamış ve yeni bir dış politika hedefi olarak özellikle belirli bölgelerde etki alanını genişletme arayışına girmiştir. Rusya, çok kutuplu dünya söylemi çerçevesinde, uluslararası arenada güç elde etmek için son yıllarda yeni enerji kaynaklarının keşfedilmesiyle stratejik önemi artan Doğu Akdeniz'e odaklanmıştır. Rusya, 2011 yılında Suriye iç savaşına müdahalesi ile bölge ülkeleriyle etkin bir şekilde ikili ilişkilerini bölgede geliştirme fırsatını değerlendirmiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışmanın amacı, Rusya'nın Doğu Akdeniz ülkeleriyle ikili ilişkilerinin gelişimi ve Rusya'nın bölgede kendi etki alanını oluşturmayı amaçlayan bölge ülkeleri ile uyguladığı yumuşak denge politikalarının boyutuna cevap aramaktır.

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There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muharrem Hilmi Özev 0000-0001-5240-075X

Zuleykha Kazımova 0000-0001-8997-1679

Early Pub Date February 1, 2023
Publication Date February 14, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Özev, Muharrem Hilmi, and Zuleykha Kazımova. “Bilateral Relations of Russia With Eastern Mediterranean Countries in Terms of Soft Balancing Concept”. Ortadoğu Etütleri 14, no. 2 (February 2023): 179-206. https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1217281.

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