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Yıldız Hamidiye Camii Tavan Süslemesinin İzleri: Gök Mavisi Üzerine Altın Renginde Yıldızlı Kalem İşi Bezeme

Year 2024, Issue: 22, 150 - 168, 15.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.21021/osmed.1434882

Abstract

Sultan II. Abdülhamid, 1885’te Yıldız Hamidiye Camii’ni selatin camisi olarak inşa ettirmiştir. Caminin dikkat çeken özelliklerinden biri harim bölümünün tavanını süsleyen gök mavisi üzerine altın renginde yıldızlı kalem işi bezemedir. Britanyalı mimar ve mimarlık tarihçisi William Richard Lethaby, 1892’de yazdığı “Mimarlık, Mistisizm ve Mit” adlı eserinin “Gökyüzüne Benzeyen Tavanlar” bölümünde bezemenin kökeni ve kullanıldığı farklı dönemler hakkında detaylı bilgi vermektedir. Bezemenin görüldüğü en erken tarihli yapılar antik Mısır döneminin tapınak ve mezarlarıdır. Lethaby, geç antik dönemde uygulamanın Roma ve Bizans mimarisinin önemli bir bileşeni haline geldiğini belirtmektedir. Bezeme, Bizans İmparatorluğu ile yakın ilişkiler içerisinde bulunan Avrupa devletlerinde de yaygınlaşmış, orta çağda özellikle gotik mimarinin bir parçası haline gelmiştir. 19. yüzyıla gelindiğinde neogotik mimarinin doğuşuyla Avrupa ve Amerika’da tekrar popüler hale gelen tavan bezemesi aynı dönemde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun başkenti İstanbul’da da görülmektedir. Ele alınan çalışmada, bezemenin kronolojik ve coğrafi yolculuğu örnekler üzerinden analiz edilmektedir. Yıldız Hamidiye Camii harim tavanındaki uygulama, bu doğrultuda antik Mısır, gotik ve Bizans mimarisine gönderme yapan, imparatorluğun gücünü temsil eden, çok katmanlı ve eklektik bir tasarım olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

References

  • Açıkyıldız, Birgül. “19. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Mimarlığı’nda Neo-gotik Üslup.” Yüksek lisans tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1997.
  • Akın, Günkut. “Uzak Yankılar: Estetik Hareket ve Osmanlı Dünyası”, Sanat Tarihi Defterleri 18. İstanbul: Ege Yayınları, 2020.
  • Anderson, James. The Constitutions of the Freemasons Containing the History, Charges and Regulations of that most Ancient and Right Worshipful Fraternity for the use of Lodges. New York: Macoy, 1859.
  • Anonim. König Laurin oder der Rosengarten in Tirol, Herausgegeben von Ignaz Zignerle. Innsbruck: Wagner, 1850.
  • Anonim. Mirabilia Urbis Romae The Marvels of Rome or a Picture of the Golden City, An English Version of the Medieval Guide-Book with a Supplement of Illustrative Matter and Notes by F. M. Nichols. Londra, Spithoever, Roma: Ellis and Elvey, 1889.
  • Anonim. “William Richard Lethaby”, Encyclopaedia Britannica (Londra & New York 1922).
  • Anonim. The Greek Alexander Romance, Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Richard Stoneman. Londra & New York: Penguin Books, 1991.
  • Anonim. “Yıldız”, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, VII (İstanbul 1994), 513-514.
  • Aydın, Önder. “Sultan II. Abdülhamit Yapılarında İmparatoru/ İmparatorluğu Temsil Eden Semboller”, Mimarlık Dergisi, 364 (2012 Mart-Nisan). (erişim 25.03.3024)
  • Batur, Selçuk. “Yıldız Camii”, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, VII (İstanbul 1994), 514-515.
  • Beck, Guy L.. “Celestial Lodge Above: The Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem as a Religious Symbol in Freemasonry”, Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions 4/I (2000): 28-51.
  • Beresniak, Daniel. Symbols of Freemasonry. New York: Assoluline Publishing, 2000.
  • Can, Selman. Bilinmeyen Aktörleri ve Olayları ile Son Dönem Osmanlı Mimarlığı. Erzurum: Erzurum İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü, 2010.
  • Can, Selman. “Yıldız Camii”, İslam Ansiklopedisi, XLIII (İstanbul 2013), 540-541.
  • Cartier, Etienne. Life of Beato Angelico da Fiesole. Londra: 1865.
  • Commission des sciences et arts d’Egypte. Description de l’Egypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l’expedition de l’armee française. Paris: De L’Imprimerie Imperiale, 1809-1822.
  • Crinson, Mark. Empire Building, Orientalism and Victorian Architecture. Londra: Routledge, 1996.
  • Dagron, Gilbert. Constantinople Imaginaire, Etudessur Le Recueil des Patria. Paris: Gallimard, 1984.
  • Davey, Peter. Architecture of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Londra, New York: The Architectural Press, 1980. Doğan, Kuban. Osmanlı Mimarisi. İstanbul: YEM Yayınları, 2007.
  • Ersoy, Ahmet. “Ottoman Gothic: Evocations of the Medieval Past in Late Ottoman Architecture”, Manufacturing Middle Ages, Entangled History of Medievalism in Nineteenth-Century Europe, bs. P. J. Geary & G. Klaniczay. Brill, 2013.
  • Ettlinger, Leopold David. The Sistine Chapel Before Michelangelo; religious imagery and papal primacy. Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1965.
  • Fazio, Michael, Marian Moffett ve Lawrence Wodehouse. A World History of Architecture. Londra: Laurence King Publishing, 2009.
  • Ferrey, Benjamin. Recollections of A. N. Welby Pugin and His Father Augustus Pugin With Notices of Their Works. Londra: 1861.
  • Georgeon, François. Sultan Abdülhamid. Çev., Ali Berktay. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2012.
  • Gerhold, Victoria. “Defeating Solomon: Intertextuality and Symbolism in the Legend of Hagia Sophia”, Scripta Mediaevalia, 11:1 (2018), 11-38. (erişim 15.01.2024)
  • Grant, John. The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture Set Forth in Two Lectures Delivered at St. Maries, Oscott by A. Welby Pugin. Edinburgh: 1895.
  • Huckel, Oliver. Parsifal: A Mystical Drama by Richard Wagner. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1903.
  • Jones, Owen. Grammar of Ornament: Illustrated by Examples from Various Styles of Ornament. Londra: Bernard Quaritch, 1868.
  • Kenning, George, “Inauguration of the Masonic Temple, Hasskeui”, The Freemason. Londra: 20 Nisan 1872. Lethaby, William Richard. Architecture, Mysticism and Myth. Londra: Percival & Co., 1892.
  • Lethaby, William Richard ve Harold Swainson. The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople; A Study of Byzantine Building. Londra & New York: Macmillan & Co., 1894.
  • Mabeyinci Pavlos. Ayasofya’nın Betimi. Çev. Samir Rıfat. İstanbul: Kırmızı Kedi Yayınevi, 2018.
  • Mackey, Albert. The Symbolism of Freemasonry. New York: 1882.
  • Mackey, Albert. A New and Revised Edition An Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, I (New York & Londra 1914).
  • Mazlum, Deniz ve Turgut Saner. “Neogotik Mimari”, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, VI (İstanbul 1994). Munitiz, Joseph A.. Theognosti Thesaurus. Brepols: Turnhout, 1979.
  • Müller, W. Max. Mısır Mitolojisi Tanrılar, Dinler ve Kozmolojik Mitler. Çev. Cemal Can Tarımcıoğlu. İstanbul: Maya Kitap, 2020.
  • Olin, Stephen. Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petraea and the Holy Land. C. 1. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1860.
  • Oliver, Rev. G.. Book of the Lodge and Officers’ Manual. Üçüncü baskı (ilk baskı 1849). Londra: R. Spencer, 1864. Preger, Theodorus. Scriptores Originum Constantinopolitanarum. Leibzig: Teubner, 1901.
  • Rebman, Renee C.. The Sistine Chapel. California: Lucent Books, 2000.
  • Saner, Turgut. 19. Yüzyıl İstanbul Mimarlığında Oryantalizm. İstanbul: Pera Turizm ve Ticaret A.Ş., 1998.
  • Stanton, Phoebe. Pugin. New York: The Viking Press, 1972.
  • Steinmann, Ernst. Die Sixtinische Kapelle, I. Münih: Bruckmann, 1907.
  • The Illustrated London News. 9 Ocak 1847.
  • The Freemasons’ Magazine Company. The Freemasons’ Magazine and Masonic Mirror. C. 2. Londra: Scientific Press, Ocak-Haziran 1860.
  • The Freemasons’ Magazine Company. The Freemasons’ Magazine and Masonic Mirror. C. 3. Londra: Scientific Press, Temmuz-Aralık 1860.
  • The Freemasons’ Magazine Company. The Freemasons’ Magazine and Masonic Mirror. C. 8. Londra: Scientific Press, Ocak-Haziran 1863.
  • Thomas, Angela P.. Egyptian Gods and Myths. Aylesbury: Shire Egyptology, 1986.
  • Tuğlacı, Pars. Osmanlı Mimarlığında Balyan Ailesi’nin Rolü. İstanbul: Yeni Çığır Kitabevi, 1993.
  • Uras, Büke. Balyanlar Osmanlı Mimarlığı ve Balyan Arşivi. İstanbul: Korpus Yayınları, 2021.
  • Viollet Le Duc, Eugene. Dictionnaire Raisonne De L’Architecture Française Du XI au XVI Siecle. 7. Paris: 1864.
  • Voragine, Jacques De. Legenda Aurea Sanctorum sive Lombardica Historia. Richard Paffraet, 1479.
  • Wilkinson, John Gardner. Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians. Londra: John Murray, 1837.
  • Wilkinson, Toby. The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. Londra: 2005.
  • Yücel, Sermin. “Yıldız Hamidiye Camisi”. Yüksek lisans tezi, İ.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1998.

The Traces of the Ceiling Decoration at Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque: Azure Painting with Gilded Stars

Year 2024, Issue: 22, 150 - 168, 15.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.21021/osmed.1434882

Abstract

Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque was built in 1885 as the imperial mosque of Sultan II. Abdülhamid. One of the primary components of the mosque, which can be found in the prayer hall, is the azure painted ceiling with gilded stars. British architect and architectural historian William Richard Lethaby talks about the origin and appearence of these ceilings found during different periods, in his book titled “Architecture, Mysticism and Myth” published in 1892 in the chapter “Ceilings Like The Sky”. The decoration first appeared during the ancient Egypt period, where it was found on the ceilings of temples and tombs. Later it was commonly used in Roman and Byzantine architecture. The decoration became a component of gothic architecture, as its use became widespread in gothic churches in the European states, which had close ties with the Byzantine Empire. In the nineteenth century when the neogothic style emerged, the decoration reappeared in Europe and the United States of America. In this article, utilizing Lethaby’s chapter, the chronological and geographical journey of the painting is analyzed through the prominent architectural examples. Thus the ceiling decoration found in the prayer hall at Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque is interpreted as an eclectic and multi-layered design which refers to the ancient Egyptian, gothic and Byzantine architectures for symbolizing the power of the Empire.

References

  • Açıkyıldız, Birgül. “19. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Mimarlığı’nda Neo-gotik Üslup.” Yüksek lisans tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1997.
  • Akın, Günkut. “Uzak Yankılar: Estetik Hareket ve Osmanlı Dünyası”, Sanat Tarihi Defterleri 18. İstanbul: Ege Yayınları, 2020.
  • Anderson, James. The Constitutions of the Freemasons Containing the History, Charges and Regulations of that most Ancient and Right Worshipful Fraternity for the use of Lodges. New York: Macoy, 1859.
  • Anonim. König Laurin oder der Rosengarten in Tirol, Herausgegeben von Ignaz Zignerle. Innsbruck: Wagner, 1850.
  • Anonim. Mirabilia Urbis Romae The Marvels of Rome or a Picture of the Golden City, An English Version of the Medieval Guide-Book with a Supplement of Illustrative Matter and Notes by F. M. Nichols. Londra, Spithoever, Roma: Ellis and Elvey, 1889.
  • Anonim. “William Richard Lethaby”, Encyclopaedia Britannica (Londra & New York 1922).
  • Anonim. The Greek Alexander Romance, Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Richard Stoneman. Londra & New York: Penguin Books, 1991.
  • Anonim. “Yıldız”, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, VII (İstanbul 1994), 513-514.
  • Aydın, Önder. “Sultan II. Abdülhamit Yapılarında İmparatoru/ İmparatorluğu Temsil Eden Semboller”, Mimarlık Dergisi, 364 (2012 Mart-Nisan). (erişim 25.03.3024)
  • Batur, Selçuk. “Yıldız Camii”, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, VII (İstanbul 1994), 514-515.
  • Beck, Guy L.. “Celestial Lodge Above: The Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem as a Religious Symbol in Freemasonry”, Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions 4/I (2000): 28-51.
  • Beresniak, Daniel. Symbols of Freemasonry. New York: Assoluline Publishing, 2000.
  • Can, Selman. Bilinmeyen Aktörleri ve Olayları ile Son Dönem Osmanlı Mimarlığı. Erzurum: Erzurum İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü, 2010.
  • Can, Selman. “Yıldız Camii”, İslam Ansiklopedisi, XLIII (İstanbul 2013), 540-541.
  • Cartier, Etienne. Life of Beato Angelico da Fiesole. Londra: 1865.
  • Commission des sciences et arts d’Egypte. Description de l’Egypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l’expedition de l’armee française. Paris: De L’Imprimerie Imperiale, 1809-1822.
  • Crinson, Mark. Empire Building, Orientalism and Victorian Architecture. Londra: Routledge, 1996.
  • Dagron, Gilbert. Constantinople Imaginaire, Etudessur Le Recueil des Patria. Paris: Gallimard, 1984.
  • Davey, Peter. Architecture of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Londra, New York: The Architectural Press, 1980. Doğan, Kuban. Osmanlı Mimarisi. İstanbul: YEM Yayınları, 2007.
  • Ersoy, Ahmet. “Ottoman Gothic: Evocations of the Medieval Past in Late Ottoman Architecture”, Manufacturing Middle Ages, Entangled History of Medievalism in Nineteenth-Century Europe, bs. P. J. Geary & G. Klaniczay. Brill, 2013.
  • Ettlinger, Leopold David. The Sistine Chapel Before Michelangelo; religious imagery and papal primacy. Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1965.
  • Fazio, Michael, Marian Moffett ve Lawrence Wodehouse. A World History of Architecture. Londra: Laurence King Publishing, 2009.
  • Ferrey, Benjamin. Recollections of A. N. Welby Pugin and His Father Augustus Pugin With Notices of Their Works. Londra: 1861.
  • Georgeon, François. Sultan Abdülhamid. Çev., Ali Berktay. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2012.
  • Gerhold, Victoria. “Defeating Solomon: Intertextuality and Symbolism in the Legend of Hagia Sophia”, Scripta Mediaevalia, 11:1 (2018), 11-38. (erişim 15.01.2024)
  • Grant, John. The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture Set Forth in Two Lectures Delivered at St. Maries, Oscott by A. Welby Pugin. Edinburgh: 1895.
  • Huckel, Oliver. Parsifal: A Mystical Drama by Richard Wagner. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1903.
  • Jones, Owen. Grammar of Ornament: Illustrated by Examples from Various Styles of Ornament. Londra: Bernard Quaritch, 1868.
  • Kenning, George, “Inauguration of the Masonic Temple, Hasskeui”, The Freemason. Londra: 20 Nisan 1872. Lethaby, William Richard. Architecture, Mysticism and Myth. Londra: Percival & Co., 1892.
  • Lethaby, William Richard ve Harold Swainson. The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople; A Study of Byzantine Building. Londra & New York: Macmillan & Co., 1894.
  • Mabeyinci Pavlos. Ayasofya’nın Betimi. Çev. Samir Rıfat. İstanbul: Kırmızı Kedi Yayınevi, 2018.
  • Mackey, Albert. The Symbolism of Freemasonry. New York: 1882.
  • Mackey, Albert. A New and Revised Edition An Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, I (New York & Londra 1914).
  • Mazlum, Deniz ve Turgut Saner. “Neogotik Mimari”, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, VI (İstanbul 1994). Munitiz, Joseph A.. Theognosti Thesaurus. Brepols: Turnhout, 1979.
  • Müller, W. Max. Mısır Mitolojisi Tanrılar, Dinler ve Kozmolojik Mitler. Çev. Cemal Can Tarımcıoğlu. İstanbul: Maya Kitap, 2020.
  • Olin, Stephen. Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petraea and the Holy Land. C. 1. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1860.
  • Oliver, Rev. G.. Book of the Lodge and Officers’ Manual. Üçüncü baskı (ilk baskı 1849). Londra: R. Spencer, 1864. Preger, Theodorus. Scriptores Originum Constantinopolitanarum. Leibzig: Teubner, 1901.
  • Rebman, Renee C.. The Sistine Chapel. California: Lucent Books, 2000.
  • Saner, Turgut. 19. Yüzyıl İstanbul Mimarlığında Oryantalizm. İstanbul: Pera Turizm ve Ticaret A.Ş., 1998.
  • Stanton, Phoebe. Pugin. New York: The Viking Press, 1972.
  • Steinmann, Ernst. Die Sixtinische Kapelle, I. Münih: Bruckmann, 1907.
  • The Illustrated London News. 9 Ocak 1847.
  • The Freemasons’ Magazine Company. The Freemasons’ Magazine and Masonic Mirror. C. 2. Londra: Scientific Press, Ocak-Haziran 1860.
  • The Freemasons’ Magazine Company. The Freemasons’ Magazine and Masonic Mirror. C. 3. Londra: Scientific Press, Temmuz-Aralık 1860.
  • The Freemasons’ Magazine Company. The Freemasons’ Magazine and Masonic Mirror. C. 8. Londra: Scientific Press, Ocak-Haziran 1863.
  • Thomas, Angela P.. Egyptian Gods and Myths. Aylesbury: Shire Egyptology, 1986.
  • Tuğlacı, Pars. Osmanlı Mimarlığında Balyan Ailesi’nin Rolü. İstanbul: Yeni Çığır Kitabevi, 1993.
  • Uras, Büke. Balyanlar Osmanlı Mimarlığı ve Balyan Arşivi. İstanbul: Korpus Yayınları, 2021.
  • Viollet Le Duc, Eugene. Dictionnaire Raisonne De L’Architecture Française Du XI au XVI Siecle. 7. Paris: 1864.
  • Voragine, Jacques De. Legenda Aurea Sanctorum sive Lombardica Historia. Richard Paffraet, 1479.
  • Wilkinson, John Gardner. Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians. Londra: John Murray, 1837.
  • Wilkinson, Toby. The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. Londra: 2005.
  • Yücel, Sermin. “Yıldız Hamidiye Camisi”. Yüksek lisans tezi, İ.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1998.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Ottoman Culture and Art
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Kaan Sağ 0000-0001-7463-811X

Publication Date September 15, 2024
Submission Date February 10, 2024
Acceptance Date April 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 22

Cite

Chicago Sağ, Mustafa Kaan. “Yıldız Hamidiye Camii Tavan Süslemesinin İzleri: Gök Mavisi Üzerine Altın Renginde Yıldızlı Kalem İşi Bezeme”. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 22 (September 2024): 150-68. https://doi.org/10.21021/osmed.1434882.



Indexes

SCOPUS, TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM TR DİZİN [SBVT]

INDEX COPERNİCUS [ICI], ISAM, SOBIAD and Scilit.



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