When the credibility of a published article is in doubt due to serious errors or ethical violations, retraction and correction mechanisms are invoked. Authors who want to withdraw their article should submit an official petition to the Editor, clearly stating their reasons. It is not appropriate to send the study to another journal before this process is completed and the Editor's response is received.

Reasons for Retraction

The following situations may require the article to be retracted:

• Serious errors (e.g., calculation errors or methodological deficiencies) that undermine the reliability of the findings,
• detecting ethical violations such as plagiarism, data fabrication, or visual manipulation,
•  Unnecessary republication of the same work or violation of copyrights,
• emergence of undeclared conflicts of interest that affect the validity of the research.

When the decision to withdraw was made, the magazine published an official statement that included the article title, the author(s), and the reason for withdrawal. This paper is open to everyone and is accompanied by the DOI of the relevant study.

Fixes

In the case of errors that do not affect the main findings of the article, a correction is made instead of a retraction. The correction notice is published publicly and linked to the DOI of the relevant article. Errors that can be evaluated in this context are as follows:

• Small calculation errors that do not affect the results,
• Typographing, typesetting, or formatting errors,
• Deficiencies in the author institution information or support statements.

Retraction and Rectification Process

Applications are carefully examined by the Editorial Board; If deemed necessary, independent expert opinion is sought. Authors are informed about the process and given a reasonable time to present their opinions. In cases where retraction is necessary, the journal adheres to transparency and ethical principles and follows COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines.