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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>OTAM Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1019-469X</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">3108-849X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ankara University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>“Meşihat Usulü”nün İlgası: II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi Basra vilayetinde toprak reformu teşebbüsleri</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Abolition of “the Sheikhdom System”: Initiatives of Land  Reform in the Province of Basrah  1908-1914</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kurt</surname>
                                    <given-names>Burcu</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Bölümü.</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20150101">
                    <day>01</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2015</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>37</issue>
                                        <fpage>219</fpage>
                                        <lpage>238</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1990, </copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1990</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder></copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>19. yüzyılda Basra vilayetindeki nüfusun büyük bir oranını, geçimlerinin büyük kısmını tarımla sağlayan aşiretler oluşturmaktaydı. Aşiretler tarafından işlenen tarım arazilerinde ise Osmanlı Devleti tarafından “meşihat usulü” olarak tabir edilen ve toprak mülkiyetinin büyük oranda aşiret şeylerinin/reislerinin elinde toplandığı bir yapı hakimdi. Bu usul, Midhat Paşa’nın Bağdad valiliği döneminde  sonlandırılmaya çalışılmıştı. Midhat Paşa, toprağın kullanım hakkını direk olarak küçük çiftçiye vererek devletle aşiret bireyleri arasında doğrudan ilişki kurulmasına çabalamıştı. II. Abdülhamid döneminde bölge arazilerinin büyük oranda Hazine-i Hassa’ya katılması nedeniyle kesintiye uğrayan bu uygulama, II. Meşrutiyet devrinde ihya edilmeye çalışılmış ve Basra vilayetinde aşiretlerin meskun olduğu bölgelerde geniş çaplı bir toprak reformuna gidilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, İttihat ve Terakki hükümetlerinin Basra vilayetinde uygulamaya çalıştığı toprak reformu, reformun uygulanmasının altında yatan nedenler, reforma halk ve mahalli yetkililer tarafından verilen tepkiler ve reformun sonuçları değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>A large majority of the population of Basrah Province in the 19th century was constituted by tribes, mostly providing their livelihood with agriculture. The agricultural lands were owned largely by the tribal sheikhs in a system, which was named by the Ottomans as “the Sheikhdom System”. Midhat Pasha had attempted to finalize this system during his governorship of Baghdad . In doing so, Midhat Pasha gave the right of use of land directly to small farmers by which he had aimed to establish a direct relationship between tribal members and the state. However, this attempt was interrupted due to annexation of large proportions of land in Iraq to the Saniyye Lands in the reign of Abdulhamid II, but revived during the Second Constitutional era. Therefore the land reform, which was tried to implement in Basra province by pro-CUP governments, and the reasons underlying the implementation and responses of the public and local authorities to reform scheme will be analyzed</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Basra</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Irak</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   toprak reformu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   II. Meşrutiyet</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Basrah</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Iraq</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   land reform</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   the Second Constitution</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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