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Central Nervous System Lymphomas: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 68 - 79, 25.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.337328

Öz

Abstract: Central
nervous lymphoma (CNS) is classifed into two sub-types: primary CNS lymphoma
and secondary CNS involvement by systemic lymphoma. We aimed to evaluate
clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of CNS lymphomas with
literature. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and MR
findings of patients with the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma from
December 2011 to June 2017. We documented demographic characteristics, lymphoma
subtypes, immune status, serum lactat dehidrogenase levels, clinical and MRI
findings. We evaluated the number, localization, signal characteristics,
diffusion properties, enhancement pattern, presence of hemorrhage and presence
of butterfly pattern on MRI. In this study twenty-three patients (male
/female: 9/14; mean age: 54±18.years,; age range: 15-81 years) were
included and classified as primary (n=3,13%) and secondary (n=20, 87%) CNS
lymphoma group. All cases diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common subtype (65.2 %).
The most common symptoms were headache and weakness. The CNS involvement of
lymphomas were mostly located in brain parenchyma (56.5%) and leptomeninges
(47.8%) All primary CNS lymphoma cases had parenchymal lesion and secondary CNS
lymphomas tend to occur in leptomeninges (55%). In all cases 13 patients had 33
parenchymal lesions. The most common location is
supratentorial (87.9%), with the most common site cerebral white
matter (57.6%). In primary CNS lymphoma group all lesions
(n=6) were hypointense on T1 weighted images (WI), heterogeneous
hyperintense on T2WI and restricted diffusion on DWI but majority
enhancement pattern was homogeneous nodular (83%). In Secondary CNS lymphoma
group, lesions (n=27) were mostly hypointense (74.1%) on T1WI,
hyperintense (51.9%) on T2WI, restricted
diffusion on DWI (96.3%) and homogeneous nodular
enhancement (55.6%). Knowledge of the clinical and radiologic features of
CNS lymphomas is important in diagnosis, prognosis, assessment of treatment
response and survival.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, Harris NL, Stein H, Siebert R, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016;127(20):2375-90.
  • 2. Mohile NA, Abrey LE. Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Neurol Clin. 2007;25(4):1193-207, xi.
  • 3. Haldorsen IS, Espeland A, Larsson EM. Central nervous system lymphoma: characteristic findings on traditional and advanced imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32(6):984-92.
  • 4. Haldorsen IS, Krossnes BK, Aarseth JH, Scheie D, Johannesen TB, Mella O, et al. Increasing incidence and continued dismal outcome of primary central nervous system lymphoma in Norway 1989-2003 : time trends in a 15-year national survey. Cancer. 2007;110(8):1803-14.
  • 5. Bathla G, Hegde A. Lymphomatous involvement of the central nervous system. Clin Radiol. 2016;71(6):602-9.
  • 6. Olson JE, Janney CA, Rao RD, Cerhan JR, Kurtin PJ, Schiff D, et al. The continuing increase in the incidence of primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis. Cancer. 2002;95(7):1504-10.
  • 7. Brastianos PK, Batchelor TT. Primary central nervous system lymphoma: overview of current treatment strategies. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2012;26(4):897-916.
  • 8. Keraliya AR, Krajewski KM, Giardino AA, Tirumani SH, Shinagare AB, Ramaiya NH, et al. Imaging of Nervous System Involvement in Hematologic Malignancies: What Radiologists Need to Know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;205(3):604-17.
  • 9. Haque S, Law M, Abrey LE, Young RJ. Imaging of lymphoma of the central nervous system, spine, and orbit. Radiol Clin North Am. 2008;46(2):339-61, ix.
  • 10. Hill QA, Owen RG. CNS prophylaxis in lymphoma: who to target and what therapy to use. Blood Rev. 2006;20(6):319-32.
  • 11. Montoto S, Lister TA. Secondary central nervous system lymphoma: risk factors and prophylaxis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2005;19(4):751-63, viii.
  • 12. Ferreri AJ, Reni M. Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007;63(3):257-68.
  • 13. Haldorsen IS, Krakenes J, Krossnes BK, Mella O, Espeland A. CT and MR imaging features of primary central nervous system lymphoma in Norway, 1989-2003. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(4):744-51.
  • 14. Senocak E, Oguz KK, Ozgen B, Mut M, Ayhan S, Berker M, et al. Parenchymal lymphoma of the brain on initial MR imaging: a comparative study between primary and secondary brain lymphoma. Eur J Radiol. 2011;79(2):288-94.

Santral Sinir Sistemi Lenfomaları: Klinik ve Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme Bulguları

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 68 - 79, 25.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.337328

Öz

Öz: Santral sinir sistemi (SSS) lenfomaları primer ve sistemik tutulumun
eşlik ettiği sekonder lenfomalar olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu çalışmada SSS
lenfomalarının klinik ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) bulgularını
literatür bilgileri eşliğinde sunmayı amaçladık. Aralık 2011 ile Haziran
2017 arasında farklı histolojik subtiplere sahip SSS lenfoma tanısı olan
hastaların klinik ve kontrastlı serebral MRG incelemeleri retrospektif
değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, lenfoma subtipleri, immünitesi,
serum laktat dehidrogenaz değerleri, klinik ve MRG bulguları kaydedildi. MRG
görüntülerde lezyon sayısı, lokalizasyonu, sinyal özellikleri, difüzyon
özellikleri, kontrastlanma paterni, hemoraji ve kelebek görünümü varlığı
değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya SSS lenfoma tutulumu olan 23 hasta dahil
edildi. (erkek/kadın:9/14, yaş ortalaması 53.6±18.8 dağılımı 15-81)
ve primer (n=3,%13) ve sekonder (n=20, %87) olarak iki gruba
ayrıldı. Hastaların tümünde non-Hodgkin lenfoma ve subtip olarak en sık diffüz
büyük B hücreli lenfoma (%65.2) saptandı. En sık semptom baş ağrısı
ve halsizlikti. SSS lenfomalarında sıklıkla
parankimal (%56.5) ve leptomeningeal (%47.8) tutulum
izlendi. Primer SSS lenfomalarında parankimal tutulum bütün hastalarda
izlenirken, leptomeningeal tutulum sekonder SSS lenfomalarında daha sık
saptandı (%55). SSS lenfomalı 13 hastada 33 parankimal lezyon saptandı.
Parankimal lezyonlar çoğunlukla supratentoryal (%87.9) ve lokalizasyon olarak
da en sık beyaz cevher (%57.6) yerleşimliydi. Primer SSS lenfoma grubunda tüm
lezyonlar T1 ağırlıklı görüntülerde (AG) hipointens, T2AG’de heterojen
hipo-hiperintens ve difüzyon kısıtlaması izlenirken çoğunlukla homojen nodüler
kontrastlanma mevcuttu(%83). Sekonder SSS lenfoma grubunda ise lezyonların
çoğunda T1AG’de hipointens (%74.1), T2AG’de hiperintens (%51.9), difüzyon
kısıtlaması (%96.3) ve çoğunlukla homojen nodüler (%55.6) kontrastlanma
izlendi. SSS lefomalarında klinik ve radyolojik görüntüleme özelliklerinin
bilinmesi; tanıda, prognozda, tedavi cevabını değerlendirmede ve sağkalımı
belirlemede oldukça önemlidir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, Harris NL, Stein H, Siebert R, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016;127(20):2375-90.
  • 2. Mohile NA, Abrey LE. Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Neurol Clin. 2007;25(4):1193-207, xi.
  • 3. Haldorsen IS, Espeland A, Larsson EM. Central nervous system lymphoma: characteristic findings on traditional and advanced imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32(6):984-92.
  • 4. Haldorsen IS, Krossnes BK, Aarseth JH, Scheie D, Johannesen TB, Mella O, et al. Increasing incidence and continued dismal outcome of primary central nervous system lymphoma in Norway 1989-2003 : time trends in a 15-year national survey. Cancer. 2007;110(8):1803-14.
  • 5. Bathla G, Hegde A. Lymphomatous involvement of the central nervous system. Clin Radiol. 2016;71(6):602-9.
  • 6. Olson JE, Janney CA, Rao RD, Cerhan JR, Kurtin PJ, Schiff D, et al. The continuing increase in the incidence of primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis. Cancer. 2002;95(7):1504-10.
  • 7. Brastianos PK, Batchelor TT. Primary central nervous system lymphoma: overview of current treatment strategies. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2012;26(4):897-916.
  • 8. Keraliya AR, Krajewski KM, Giardino AA, Tirumani SH, Shinagare AB, Ramaiya NH, et al. Imaging of Nervous System Involvement in Hematologic Malignancies: What Radiologists Need to Know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;205(3):604-17.
  • 9. Haque S, Law M, Abrey LE, Young RJ. Imaging of lymphoma of the central nervous system, spine, and orbit. Radiol Clin North Am. 2008;46(2):339-61, ix.
  • 10. Hill QA, Owen RG. CNS prophylaxis in lymphoma: who to target and what therapy to use. Blood Rev. 2006;20(6):319-32.
  • 11. Montoto S, Lister TA. Secondary central nervous system lymphoma: risk factors and prophylaxis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2005;19(4):751-63, viii.
  • 12. Ferreri AJ, Reni M. Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007;63(3):257-68.
  • 13. Haldorsen IS, Krakenes J, Krossnes BK, Mella O, Espeland A. CT and MR imaging features of primary central nervous system lymphoma in Norway, 1989-2003. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(4):744-51.
  • 14. Senocak E, Oguz KK, Ozgen B, Mut M, Ayhan S, Berker M, et al. Parenchymal lymphoma of the brain on initial MR imaging: a comparative study between primary and secondary brain lymphoma. Eur J Radiol. 2011;79(2):288-94.
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm ORİJİNAL MAKALELER / ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Yazarlar

Esin Kurtuluş Öztürk

Saffet Öztürk

Suzan Şaylısoy

Uğur Toprak

Hava Üsküdar Teke

Eren Gündüz Bu kişi benim

Neslihan Andıç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ekim 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Kurtuluş Öztürk E, Öztürk S, Şaylısoy S, Toprak U, Üsküdar Teke H, Gündüz E, Andıç N. Santral Sinir Sistemi Lenfomaları: Klinik ve Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme Bulguları. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2017;39(3):68-79.


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