Comparison of the Effects of the Ketogenic Diet and Western Diet on the Retina in Rats with Diabetes

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 322 - 328

Halil İbrahim Sönmezoğlu , İsa Yuvacı , Nureddin Cengiz , Büşra Güner Sönmezoğlu , Gökhan Oturak , Erkan Çelik

https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1502084

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different diets on the retina in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Materials and Methods: In our study, a total of 4 groups were formed: healthy and regular diet (Group 1), DM-induced and regular diet (Group 2), DM-induced and ketogenic diet (KD) (Group 3), DM-induced and western diet (WD) (Group 4). Tissue sections were histo-scored using Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining method. The thicknesses of the retinal layers stained with hematoxylin-eosin were compared.
Results: Retinal staining with VEGF revealed a greater incidence of low-intensity staining in Group 3 (p: 0.018). There was no notable disparity observed across the groups in the staining of the retinas with Caspase-3 (p: 0.65). When the thicknesses of the retinal layers were compared, it was observed that the inner-outer nuclear, inner plexiform and ganglion layers were significantly thicker in the WD group than the other groups (p values <0.001, 0.013, 0.006, 0.017, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding choroidal thickness (p: 0.118).
Conclusions: The KD can be considered advantageous or less detrimental compared to the WD. Nevertheless, while the ketogenic diet has shown beneficial outcomes in the short term, its long-term impact remains uncertain.

Keywords

Caspase-3, diabetic retinopathy, ketogenic diet, VEGF, western diet

Ethical Statement

Our study was approved by Sakarya University (Date: 07/08/2019 Number: 26). Complies with Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. The study was carried out following the international declaration, guidelines.

Diyabetik Ratlarda Ketojenik Diyet ve Western Diyetin Retina Üzerine Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, DM oluşturulmuş ratlarda farklı beslenme tarzlarının retina üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmamızda sağlıklı ve normal beslenme uygulanmış (Grup 1), DM oluşturularak normal beslenme uygulanmış (Grup 2), DM oluşturularak KD uygulanmış (Grup 3), DM oluşturularak WD uygulanmış (Grup 4) olmak üzere toplam 4 grup oluşturuldu. Doku kesitlerinden VEGF ve Caspase-3 immünohistokimyasal boyama yöntemi kullanılarak histoskorlama yapıldı. Hematoksilen-eozin ile boyanan retina tabakalarının kalınlıkları karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Retinaların VEGF ile boyanmasında Grup 3’te az yoğun boyanma daha yüksek oranda bulundu (p: 0.018). Caspase-3 ile retinaların boyanmasında gruplar arasında anlamlı fark görülmedi (p: 0.65). Retina tabakalarının kalınlıkları karşılaştırıldığında; iç nükleer, iç pleksiform, dış nükleer ve ganglion tabakalarının Grup 4’te diğer gruplardan anlamlı olarak kalın olduğu görüldü (Sırasıyla p değerleri <0.001, 0.013, 0.006, 0.017). Koroid kalınlıkları açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark görülmedi (p: 0.118).
Sonuç: Ketojenik diyetin western tipi diyete göre faydalı veya daha az zararlı olduğu söylenebilir. Ancak ketojenik diyetle ilgili kısa vadede olumlu sonuçlar bildirilmesine karşın uzun vadede etkisi bilinmemektedir.

Keywords

Caspase-3, diyabetik retinopati, ketojenic diyet, VEGF, western diyet

Ethical Statement

Our study was approved by Sakarya University (Date: 07/08/2019 Number: 26). Complies with Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. The study was carried out following the international declaration, guidelines.

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