Experiences of Intensive Care Nurses in Caregiving for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients: A Phenomenological Approach

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 197 - 207, 08.09.2021

Sibel Şentürk Alev Yıldırım Keskin

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.909322

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 hastalarına bakım veren yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin bakım verme deneyimlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin deneyimleri fenomenolojik yaklaşım ile aktarılmıştır. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile skype üzerinden 25 yoğun bakım hemşiresi ile 21 Temmuz-31 Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Colaizzi’nin fenomenolojik yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapılan kodlamalar sonucunda 3 tema belirlenmiştir. (1) Zorluklar: Yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin fiziksel, psikolojik ve aile içi ilişkiler/aile ortamında zorluklar yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. (2) Kazanımlar: Hemşireler bakım sürecinde profesyonelleşme/mesleki doyum, ekip çalışması, yaşam ve ölüm kavramları ile ilgili kazanımlar elde ettiklerini belirtmişlerdir. (3) Baş etme stratejileri: COVID- 19 hastalarına bakım verme sürecinde dine yönelim, egzersiz, müzik gibi olumlu baş etme stratejileri, sigara ve alkol tüketimi gibi olumsuz baş etme stratejilerini kullandıklarını belirtmişlerdir.
Sonuç: Salgın bir hastalıkla mücadele etmek yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin fiziksel, psikolojik ve duygusal olarak tükenmelerine neden olmuştur. Yoğun bakım hemşirelerine kriz yönetimine ilişkin baş etme eğitimleri verilmeli ve psikolojik destek sağlanmalıdır.

Keywords

Yoğun bakım, hemşirelik, COVID-19, bakım verme, fenomenolojik yaklaşım

Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Hastalarına Bakım Veren Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Deneyimleri: Fenomenolojik Bir Yaklaşımurses in Caregiving for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients: A Phenomenological Approach

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to specify the caregiving experiences of intensive care nurses who provided care to coronavirus (COVID-19) patients.
Methods: The experiences of intensive care nurses were quoted with a phenomenological approach. The data were collected from 25 intensive care nurses over Skype using a semi-structured interview form between July 21 and August 31, 2020. In data analysis, Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used.
Results: As a result of the coding process, 3 themes were determined as (1) Difficulties: It was revealed that the intensive care nurses experienced physical, psychological and family relations/family environment difficulties; (2) Achievements: The nurses expressed that they had achievements related to professionalization/professional satisfaction, teamwork and the concepts of life and death in the caregiving process; (3) Coping strategies: The participants stated that they used positive coping strategies such as orientation to religion, exercise and music and negative coping strategies such as smoking and alcohol consumption during their period of caregiving for COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion: Struggling with a pandemic caused the intensive care nurses to be physically, psychologically and emotionally exhausted. Intensive care nurses should be given coping training on crisis management, and psychological support should be provided to them.

Keywords

Intensive care, nursing, COVID-19, caregiving, phenomenological approach

References

• Acharya S, Maharjan K, Dongol D, Ghimire A. (2020). Awareness of COVID-19 and perception of work satisfaction among healthcare workers at Patan hospital, Nepal. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, 7(1), 31-36.
• Akalın B, Modanlıoğlu B. (2021). Evaluation of the emotional-situation and burnability levels of health professionals working in intensive care in the COVID-19 process. Acıbadem University Health Sciences Journal, 12(2), 346-352.
• Akintujoye IA. (2020). Evaluating healthcare workers needs and empowering them during pandemics. Open Science Journal, 5(3), 1-7.
• Ali H, Cole A, Ahmed A, Hamasha S, Panos G. (2020). Major stressors and coping strategies of frontline nursing staff during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2020 (COVID-19) in Alabama. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 13, 2057–2068.
• Başkale H. (2016). Determination of validity, reliability and sample size in qualitative studies. Dokuz Eylul University E-Journal of Nursing Faculty, 9(1), 23-28. Buheji M, Buhaid N. (2020). Nursing human factor during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Science, 10(1), 12-24.
• Cai H, Tu B, Ma J, Chen L, Fu L, Jiang Y, et al. (2020). Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) in Hubei, China. Medical Science Monitor, 26, 1–16.
• Chegini Z, Arab-Zozani M, Rajabi MR, Kakemam E. (2021). Experiences of critical care nurses fighting against COVID‐19: A qualitative phenomenological study. Nursing Forum, 1-8.
• Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, Jing M, Goh Y, Ngiam NJH, et al. (2020). A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 559-565.
• Duygulu S, Başaran Açıl S, Kuruca Özdemir E, Erdat Y. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: Nurse managers’ role and responsibilities. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, 7(Spe), 34-46.
• Fagiolini A, Cuomo A, Frank E. (2020). COVID-19 diary from a psychiatry department in Italy. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 81(3), 1-2.
• Greenberg N, Docherty M, Gnanapragasam S, Wessely S. (2020). Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. The BMJ, 368, 1-4.
• Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu YI, et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506.
• Huang L, Lin G, Tang L, Yu L, Zhou Z. (2020). Special attention to nurses’ protection during the COVID-19 epidemic. Critical Care, 24, 120.
• İzci F. (2020). COVID-19 pandemy and health workers. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 335.
• Kaçkin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. (2020). Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 1-10.
• Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang B. (2020). The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 14.
• Kıraner E, Terzi B, Kelez Yayık A, Aydoğan S, Doğanay Ö, Yakut T, et al. (2021). The role of the intensive care nurse in the COVID-19 pandemic process. Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 6(1), 45-48.
• Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health careworkers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), 1-12.
• Leblebicioğlu H, Nair Aktaş F. (2020). Fighting with the COVID-19 outbreak: Intensive care nursing professional and personal ethics perspective. Journal of Intensive Care Nursing, 24 (Supp-1), 73-80.
• Liu Q, Luo D, Haase JE, Guo Q, Wang XQ, Liu S, et al. (2020). The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: A qualitative study. The Lancet Global Health, 8, 790–798.
• Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. (2020). Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(4), 401–402.
• Masias KAA, Santos JLG, Erdmann AL. (2020). Empowerment of nurses from a hospital in the south of Chile. Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem, 29(Spe), 1- 14.
• Ministry of Health (MH) (2021). Turkey COVID-19 Patient Table. Date of Access: 5 April, 2021, https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/
• Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Lang Q, Liao C, Wang N, et al. (2020). Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(5), 1002–1009. Morrow R, Rodriguez A, King N. (2015). Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method. The Psychologist, 28(8), 643-644.
• Psychiatric Association of Turkey (PAT) (2020). Recommendations Regarding Alcohol and Substance Use and Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Date of Access: 22 March, 2021, https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/ AlkolMaddeCOVID-16042020.pdf
• Qiu H, Tong Z, Ma P, Hu M, Peng Z, Wu W, et al. (2020). Intensive care during the coronavirus epidemic. Intensive Care Medicine, 46(4), 576–578.
• Ramaci T, Barattucci M, Ledda C, Rapisarda V. (2020). Social stigma during COVID-19 and its impact on HCWs outcomes. Sustainability, 12(9), 1-13.
• Romero CS, Catalá J, Delgado C, Ferrer C, Errando C, Iftimi A, et al. (2020). COVID-19 psychological impact in 3109 healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV group. Psychological Medicine, 1-14.
• Sadeghi Gandomani H, Rezaei A, Azadchehr M, Afshar M. (2020). Effectiveness of empowerment program on nurses’ moral distress in intensive care units. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 6(3), 109-115.
• Sami S, Toprak Y, Gökmen A. (2020). Changes and transformations for the meaning of life in young people in the COVID-19 process. İlahiyat Akademi, 12, 217-256.
• Sethi BA, Sethi A, Ali S, Aamir HS. (2020). Impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on health professionals. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(4), 6-11.
• Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, Jiao D, Song R, Ma L, et al. (2020). A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(6), 592-598.
• World Health Organization (WHO) (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Date of Access: 5 April, 2021, https://covid19.who.int/
• Yıldırım A, Şimşek H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 10. Baskı, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık, ss. 101-312.
• Zhang H, ZhiHong Y, Tang L, Zou P, Du C, Shao J, et al (2020). Anxiety symptoms and burnout among Chinese medical staff of intensive care unit: the moderating effect of social support. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 197.