Research Article

Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory

Volume: 27 Number: 3 January 27, 2026
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Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory

Abstract

Introduction: Research has demonstrated that the use of evidence-based strategies in classroom management increases student engagement and academic achievement, reduces problem behaviors, and positively influences teachers’ professional satisfaction by supporting their ability to manage classrooms effectively. To promote teachers’ adoption of evidence-based classroom management strategies, it is essential first to determine the extent to which these strategies are being implemented. This study aims to develop a valid and reliable classroom management scale that can be used to assess the level at which primary school teachers working in inclusive educational settings employ classroom management strategies proven to be effective. Method: In this study, a scale development process was conducted. To determine whether the scale demonstrated adequate validity and reliability, both Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory were employed. Findings: Factor analysis conducted within the framework of Classical Test Theory revealed that the scale consisted of a four-factor structure. McDonald’s omega, Cronbach’s alpha, and marginal reliability analyses indicated that the overall reliability of the scale was high. Validity examinations based on Item Response Theory likewise yielded positive and consistent results. Discussion: The findings obtained in this study indicate that the developed scale can be used as a reliable and practical instrument to measure the extent to which primary school teachers working in inclusive educational settings employ evidence-based classroom management strategies. In this context, it is suggested that the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale (EBCMS) can be utilized in teacher education and in research related to teacher preparation and professional development.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Special Education and Disability (Other), Specialist Studies in Education (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

January 27, 2026

Publication Date

January 27, 2026

Submission Date

July 18, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 27 Number: 3

APA
Güner, N., Toraman, Ç., Bahçalı, T., & Köse, H. (2026). Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 27(3), 471-492. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1745997
AMA
1.Güner N, Toraman Ç, Bahçalı T, Köse H. Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. AUFESJSE. 2026;27(3):471-492. doi:10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1745997
Chicago
Güner, Nevin, Çetin Toraman, Turgut Bahçalı, and Hasan Köse. 2026. “Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory”. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi 27 (3): 471-92. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1745997.
EndNote
Güner N, Toraman Ç, Bahçalı T, Köse H (September 1, 2026) Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi 27 3 471–492.
IEEE
[1]N. Güner, Ç. Toraman, T. Bahçalı, and H. Köse, “Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory”, AUFESJSE, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 471–492, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1745997.
ISNAD
Güner, Nevin - Toraman, Çetin - Bahçalı, Turgut - Köse, Hasan. “Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory”. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi 27/3 (September 1, 2026): 471-492. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1745997.
JAMA
1.Güner N, Toraman Ç, Bahçalı T, Köse H. Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. AUFESJSE. 2026;27:471–492.
MLA
Güner, Nevin, et al. “Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory”. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 471-92, doi:10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1745997.
Vancouver
1.Nevin Güner, Çetin Toraman, Turgut Bahçalı, Hasan Köse. Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Evidence-Based Classroom Management Scale Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. AUFESJSE. 2026 Sep. 1;27(3):471-92. doi:10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1745997