Research Article
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Benzalkonyum klorürlerin Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 tarafından farklı koşullar altında biyotransformasyon kinetiği

Year 2019, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 286 - 291, 28.06.2019

Abstract

Dezenfektan
aktif maddeleri kentsel ve endüstriyel atıksularda oldukça sık rastlanan
kirleticilerdir. Bu kirleticilerin biyolojik sistemlerde giderimi oldukça
zordur. Yüzeysel sularda da sıkça karşılaşılan bu kirleticiler hem doğal hayatı
hem de insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, atıksuda en çok karşılaşılan
kirleticilerden biri olan benzalkonyum klorürlerin (BAK’ler) biyolojik sistemlerde
en verimli şekilde giderimini sağlayacak koşulların belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla,
atıksudan izole edilmiş BAK gideren bir bakteri olan Pseudomanas sp. BIOMIG1’in
farklı koşullarda BAK biyotransformasyon kinetiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen
veriler ve Michaelis-Menten modeli kullanılarak, bu mikroorganizmanın BAK biotransformasyon
kinetiği parametreleri hesaplanmış ve uygulanan koşulların kinetiğe etkisi
belirlenmiştir. BIOMIG1, BAK’leri 1.4 mg/L-saat hızında giderebilmekte ve bu
kirleticileri amonyak ve karbon dioksite dönüştürmektedir. Mililitrede yüz bin
adet bakteri yoğunluğu gibi düşük bakteri yoğunluklarında bile BAK gecikmeli de
olsa yüksek hızda giderilebilmektedir. BAK homologlarının biyotransformasyon
hızı karşılaştırıldığında, 14 karbon alkil zincir uzunluğuna sahip BAK en
hızlı, 16 karbonlu BAK ise en yavaş biyotransformasyon hızına sahiptir. BAK giderim
hızının en yüksek olduğu sıcaklık 35°, bu sıcaklık üstündeki sıcaklıklarda
BIOMIG1 yaşayamamaktadır. Dolayısıyla yüksek sıcaklıklarda BAK parçalanması ya
benzildimetilamin birikmesiyle sonlanmış ya da hiç gerçekleşmemiştir. Bu
çalışmanın sonuçları, özellikle BAK gibi mikrokirleticilerin arıtımını
hedefleyen ileri arıtma sistemlerinin tasarlanması ve işletilmesinde faydalı
olacaktır.

References

  • Tezel U, Pavlostathis SG. Role of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment. Editors: Keen PL, Montforts MHMM. Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment, 349-388, New Jersey, USA, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
  • Martinez-Carballo E, Sitka A, Gonzalez-Barreiro C, Kreuzinger N, Furhacker M, Scharf S, Gans O. "Determination of selected quaternary ammonium compounds by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Part I. Application to surface, waste and indirect discharge water samples in Austria". Environmental Pollution, 145(2), 489-496, 2007.
  • Clara M, Scharf S, Scheffknecht C, Gans O. "Occurrence of selected surfactants in untreated and treated sewage". Water Research, 41(19), 4339-4348, 2007.
  • Kummerer K, Eitel A, Braun U, Hubner P, Daschner F, Mascart G, Milandri M, Reinthaler F, Verhoef J. "Analysis of benzalkonium chloride in the effluent from European hospitals by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column ion-pairing and fluorescence detection". Journal of Chromatography A, 774(1-2), 281-286, 1997.
  • Tandukar M, Oh S, Tezel U, Konstantinidis KT, Pavlostathis SG. "Long-term exposure to benzalkonium chloride disinfectants results in change of microbial community structure and increased antimicrobial resistance". Environmental Science & Technology, 47(17), 9730-9738, 2013.
  • Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks. “Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Effects of Biocides”. European Commission, Directorate-General for Health & Consumers, Brussels, Belgium, 2009.
  • Hegstad K, Langsrud S, Lunestad BT, Scheie AA, Sunde M, Yazdankhah SP. "Does the wide use of quaternary ammonium compounds enhance the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance and thus threaten our health?". Microbial Drug Resistance, 16(2), 91-104, 2010.
  • Tezel U, Tandukar M, Martinez RJ, Sobecky Pa, Pavlostathis SG. "Aerobic biotransformation of n-tetradecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride by an enriched Pseudomonas spp. community". Environmental Science & Technology, 46(16), 8714-8722, 2012.
  • Ertekin E, Konstantinidis KT, Tezel U. "A Rieske-type oxygenase of Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 converts benzalkonium chlorides to benzyldimethyl amine". Environmental Science & Technololgy, 51(1), 175-181, 2017.
  • Ertekin E, Hatt JK, Konstantinidis KT, Tezel U. "Similar microbial consortia and genes are involved in the biodegradation of benzalkonium chlorides in different environments". Environmental Science & Technology, 50(8), 4304-4313, 2016.
  • American Academy of Microbiology. “Antibiotic Resistance: An Ecological Perspective on the Old Problem”. American Academy of Microbiology, Washington DC, USA, 2009.
  • Boethling RS. Environmental Aspects of Cationic Surfactants. Editors: Cross J, Singer EJ. Cationic Surfactants: Analytical and Biological Evaluation, 96-130, New York, USA, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1994.
  • Zhang C, Tezel U, Li K, Liu D, Ren R, Du J, Pavlostathis SG. "Evaluation and modeling of benzalkonium chloride inhibition and biodegradation in activated sludge". Water Research, 45(3), 1238-1246, 2011.
  • Rittmann BE, McCarty PL. Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications. Boston, USA. McGraw-Hill, 2001.
  • van Ginkel CG, Kolvenbach M. "Relations between the structure of quaternary alkyl ammonium salts and their biodegradability". Chemosphere, 23(3), 281-289, 1991.
  • Tas DO, Pavlostathis SG. "Temperature and pH effect on the microbial reductive transformation of pentachloronitrobenzene". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(14), 5390-5398, 2007.

Biotransformation kinetics of benzalkonium chlorides by Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 under different conditions

Year 2019, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 286 - 291, 28.06.2019

Abstract

Active
ingredients of disinfectants are very common pollutants in urban and industrial
wastewater. Removal of these contaminants is very difficult in biological
treatment systems. As a result; these pollutants, which are also frequently
detected in surface waters, threaten both nature and human health. The
objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions that will
provide the most efficient removal of benzalkonium chlorides (BACs), a common
contaminant, in biological treatment systems. For this purpose, BAC
biotransformation kinetics were determined under different conditions using
Pseudomanas sp. BIOMIG1, a bacterium that is the key BAC degrader in the
environment. Using the data collected and the Michaelis-Menten growth model,
BAC biotransformation kinetic parameters were calculated and the effect of the
applied conditions on kinetics was determined. BIOMIG1 can transform BACs at a
rate of 1.4 mg/L-hour and converts these pollutants into ammonia and carbon
dioxide. BAC mineralization can be achieved even at low bacterial densities
such as 100000 cells/mL after a short delay. When biotransformation rate of BAC
homologs was compared, BAC with 14 carbon alkyl chain length had the fastest
and BAC with 16 carbons had the slowest rate of biotransformation. The
temperature at which the BAC biotransformation rate was the highest was 35
degrees. BAC was converted to benzyldimethylamine at all temperatures above 35
degrees since BIOMIG1 does not survive above this temperature. The outcomes
presented in this study would be used for the design and operation of advanced
treatment systems targetting the removal of micropollutants like BACs.

References

  • Tezel U, Pavlostathis SG. Role of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment. Editors: Keen PL, Montforts MHMM. Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment, 349-388, New Jersey, USA, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
  • Martinez-Carballo E, Sitka A, Gonzalez-Barreiro C, Kreuzinger N, Furhacker M, Scharf S, Gans O. "Determination of selected quaternary ammonium compounds by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Part I. Application to surface, waste and indirect discharge water samples in Austria". Environmental Pollution, 145(2), 489-496, 2007.
  • Clara M, Scharf S, Scheffknecht C, Gans O. "Occurrence of selected surfactants in untreated and treated sewage". Water Research, 41(19), 4339-4348, 2007.
  • Kummerer K, Eitel A, Braun U, Hubner P, Daschner F, Mascart G, Milandri M, Reinthaler F, Verhoef J. "Analysis of benzalkonium chloride in the effluent from European hospitals by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column ion-pairing and fluorescence detection". Journal of Chromatography A, 774(1-2), 281-286, 1997.
  • Tandukar M, Oh S, Tezel U, Konstantinidis KT, Pavlostathis SG. "Long-term exposure to benzalkonium chloride disinfectants results in change of microbial community structure and increased antimicrobial resistance". Environmental Science & Technology, 47(17), 9730-9738, 2013.
  • Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks. “Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Effects of Biocides”. European Commission, Directorate-General for Health & Consumers, Brussels, Belgium, 2009.
  • Hegstad K, Langsrud S, Lunestad BT, Scheie AA, Sunde M, Yazdankhah SP. "Does the wide use of quaternary ammonium compounds enhance the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance and thus threaten our health?". Microbial Drug Resistance, 16(2), 91-104, 2010.
  • Tezel U, Tandukar M, Martinez RJ, Sobecky Pa, Pavlostathis SG. "Aerobic biotransformation of n-tetradecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride by an enriched Pseudomonas spp. community". Environmental Science & Technology, 46(16), 8714-8722, 2012.
  • Ertekin E, Konstantinidis KT, Tezel U. "A Rieske-type oxygenase of Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 converts benzalkonium chlorides to benzyldimethyl amine". Environmental Science & Technololgy, 51(1), 175-181, 2017.
  • Ertekin E, Hatt JK, Konstantinidis KT, Tezel U. "Similar microbial consortia and genes are involved in the biodegradation of benzalkonium chlorides in different environments". Environmental Science & Technology, 50(8), 4304-4313, 2016.
  • American Academy of Microbiology. “Antibiotic Resistance: An Ecological Perspective on the Old Problem”. American Academy of Microbiology, Washington DC, USA, 2009.
  • Boethling RS. Environmental Aspects of Cationic Surfactants. Editors: Cross J, Singer EJ. Cationic Surfactants: Analytical and Biological Evaluation, 96-130, New York, USA, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1994.
  • Zhang C, Tezel U, Li K, Liu D, Ren R, Du J, Pavlostathis SG. "Evaluation and modeling of benzalkonium chloride inhibition and biodegradation in activated sludge". Water Research, 45(3), 1238-1246, 2011.
  • Rittmann BE, McCarty PL. Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications. Boston, USA. McGraw-Hill, 2001.
  • van Ginkel CG, Kolvenbach M. "Relations between the structure of quaternary alkyl ammonium salts and their biodegradability". Chemosphere, 23(3), 281-289, 1991.
  • Tas DO, Pavlostathis SG. "Temperature and pH effect on the microbial reductive transformation of pentachloronitrobenzene". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(14), 5390-5398, 2007.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatma Özge Yılmaz This is me

Emine Ertekin This is me

Ulaş Tezel

Publication Date June 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 25 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yılmaz, F. Ö., Ertekin, E., & Tezel, U. (2019). Benzalkonyum klorürlerin Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 tarafından farklı koşullar altında biyotransformasyon kinetiği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3), 286-291.
AMA Yılmaz FÖ, Ertekin E, Tezel U. Benzalkonyum klorürlerin Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 tarafından farklı koşullar altında biyotransformasyon kinetiği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. June 2019;25(3):286-291.
Chicago Yılmaz, Fatma Özge, Emine Ertekin, and Ulaş Tezel. “Benzalkonyum klorürlerin Pseudomonas Sp. BIOMIG1 tarafından Farklı koşullar altında Biyotransformasyon kinetiği”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25, no. 3 (June 2019): 286-91.
EndNote Yılmaz FÖ, Ertekin E, Tezel U (June 1, 2019) Benzalkonyum klorürlerin Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 tarafından farklı koşullar altında biyotransformasyon kinetiği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25 3 286–291.
IEEE F. Ö. Yılmaz, E. Ertekin, and U. Tezel, “Benzalkonyum klorürlerin Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 tarafından farklı koşullar altında biyotransformasyon kinetiği”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 286–291, 2019.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Fatma Özge et al. “Benzalkonyum klorürlerin Pseudomonas Sp. BIOMIG1 tarafından Farklı koşullar altında Biyotransformasyon kinetiği”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25/3 (June 2019), 286-291.
JAMA Yılmaz FÖ, Ertekin E, Tezel U. Benzalkonyum klorürlerin Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 tarafından farklı koşullar altında biyotransformasyon kinetiği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;25:286–291.
MLA Yılmaz, Fatma Özge et al. “Benzalkonyum klorürlerin Pseudomonas Sp. BIOMIG1 tarafından Farklı koşullar altında Biyotransformasyon kinetiği”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 25, no. 3, 2019, pp. 286-91.
Vancouver Yılmaz FÖ, Ertekin E, Tezel U. Benzalkonyum klorürlerin Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 tarafından farklı koşullar altında biyotransformasyon kinetiği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;25(3):286-91.

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