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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>journal of palmette</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of Palmette</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2822-3551</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ataturk University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.62425/palmet.1846602</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Islamic Arts</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İslam Sanatları</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Arşiv Belgeleri Işığında İstanbul Hamamlarının İşletilmesi ve Kent Ekonomisindeki Yeri</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>The Operation of Istanbul Public Baths and Their Place in the City’s Economy in Light of Archive Documents</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ali Mohamed</surname>
                                    <given-names>Eman Ismail</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ, SANAT TARİHİ (DR)</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bilecik</surname>
                                    <given-names>Gülberk</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, SANAT TARİHİ BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260327">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>27</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>9</issue>
                                        <fpage>80</fpage>
                                        <lpage>90</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251221">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>21</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260326">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>26</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2022, Journal of Palmette</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Palmette</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Osmanlı döneminde hamamlar, İstanbul’un mimari dokusunda önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Hamamlar yalnızca toplumsal hayatta üstlendikleri hijyen ve sosyal rolleriyle değil, aynı zamanda vakıflara gelir sağlamak, istihdam yaratmak ve ilgili endüstrileri ve ticaret alanlarını desteklemek yoluyla da kent ekonomisine katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Bu çalışma, Osmanlı Arşivi belgeleri ve hamam defterleri üzerinden Osmanlı döneminde İstanbul hamamlarının işletilmesi ve kent ekonomisindeki yerine ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, hamamların vakıflar için bir gelir kaynağı olarak önemi, bu binaların işletilmesinde uygulanan kiralama yöntemleri, hamam gediği, muhasebe bütçeleri ve hamam ücretleri, hamamın birçok kişiye istihdam imkânı sağlama konusundaki rolü, ilgili sanayi ve ticaret alanlarına katkıları, hamam sularının ekonomik değeri ve dolaşımı ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma, hamamların kent genelinde yaygın şekilde inşa edilmesinin İstanbul’un ekonomik hayatını önemli ölçüde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, hamamların vakıflara en yüksek ekonomik getiriyi sağlayan yapılar arasında yer aldığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca vakıf hamamlarının işletmesinde uygulanan çeşitli kiralama usulleri incelenmiş ve bu hamamların mali durumları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>During the Ottoman period, public baths (hammams) occupied a significant place in the architectural landscape of Istanbul. They not only contributed to social life through their functions related to hygiene and social interaction, but also played an important role in the city’s economy by generating income for endowments (waqfs), creating employment, and supporting the associated crafts, industries and trades. This study aims to shed light on the operation of Istanbul’s public baths during the Ottoman period and their place in the city’s economy, based on Ottoman archival documents and hammam registers. It seeks to highlight their importance as a source of income for endowments, explain the systems of leasing these buildings, their accounting budgets and bathing fees, their role in providing employment opportunities for many people, their contributing to related industries and trade as well as the economic value of hamam tools (gedik) and water. The study reveals that the widespread construction of public baths throughout the city significantly influenced Istanbul’s economic life. The conclusions indicate that hammams were among the structures that provided the highest economic revenue for waqfs. In addition, various leasing systems applied in the operation of public baths belonging to the waqf were examined and an attempt was made to explain the financial status of these buildings.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>İstanbul</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hamam</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Vakıf</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İşletme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ekonomi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Istanbul</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Public Baths</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Waqf</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Operation</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Economic</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
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                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">yok</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>yok</award-id>
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                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dallaway, J. (1797). Constantinople Ancient and Modern: With Excursıons to the Shores and Islandes of the Archipelago and to the Troad.
Ergin, N. (2015). Mapping Istanbul’s Hammams of 1752 And Their Employees. In S. Faroqhi (Ed.), Bread from the lion’s mouth: Artisans struggling for a livelihood in Ottoman cities (pp. 108–135). New York, NY: Berghahn Books.
Eyice, S. (1997). Hamam. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, 15, 402-434.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
