A RECENT LITERATURE REVIEW ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 27 - 31, 30.12.2019

Serpil Kuzucu

Abstract

Purpose- Financial inclusion means that all individuals and businesses in an economy have opportunity to access affordable financial products and services easily and equally. This research examines financial inclusion measuring, determinants of financial inclusion and the effect of financial sector on economic growth.
Methodology- Current literature related to financial inclusion is reviewed for the survey.
Findings- Financial inclusion allows individuals with low income and small businesses to access to saving, credit and payment services, directs savings to investments, allocates resources according to risk and return and improves economic growth. There are many factors that determine the financial inclusion. Structure of the financial system, financial deepening, corporate infrastructure, socio-economic factors which are income, education and urbanization are the main factors that affect financial inclusion.
Conclusion-Financial inclusion levels of the countries vary across the world. In general, financial inclusion levels of developed countries are higher than in developing and less developed countries. Financial inclusion is a policy tool that improves economic welfare, reduces income inequality and supports financial stability. Less developed countries, in particular, develop policies to improve financial inclusion.

Keywords

Financial access, financial inclusion index, financial institutions

FINANSAL ERİŞİM ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR LİTERATÜR TARAMASI

Abstract

Amaç- Finansal erişim, bir ekonomideki tüm birey ve işletmelerin finansal ürün ve hizmetlere kolay, uygun maliyetle ve eşit şekilde ulaşma fırsatının olmasıdır. Bu çalışmada finansal erişimin ölçülmesi, finansal erişimi etkileyen faktörler ve finansal sektörün ekonomik büyümedeki rolü incelenmiştir.
Yöntem- Finansal erişime ilişkin tartışma konularının incelenmesi amacıyla literatür taraması yapılmıştır.
Bulgular- Finansal erişimin, düşük gelirli bireylerin ve küçük işletmelerin tasarruf, kredi ve ödeme hizmetlerine ulaşması, kaynakların yatırıma yönelmesi, risk ve getiriye göre kaynak dağılımının sağlanması ve ekonomik büyümeye katkıda bulunması rolleri bulunmaktadır. Finansal erişimi belirleyen birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Finansal sistemin yapısı, finansal derinlik, kurumsal altyapı ile gelir, eğitim seviyesi ve kentleşme gibi sosyoekonomik faktörler finansal erişimi etkileyen önemli belirleyicilerdir.
Sonuç- Ülkelerin finansal erişim seviyesi dünya genelinde farklılıklar göstermektedir. Genel olarak gelişmiş ülkelerde finansal erişim seviyesi, az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelere nazaran daha yüksektir. Finansal erişim, ekonomik refahı arttıran, gelir eşitsizliğini azaltan ve finansal istikrarı destekleyen önemli bir politika aracıdır. Özellikle az gelişmiş ülkeler, finansal erişimi geliştirmeye yönelik politikalar belirlemektedirler.

Keywords

Finansal erişim, finansal erişim endeksi, finansal kurumlar

References

• Ahamed, M. M., & Mallick, S. K. (2017). Is financial inclusion good for bank stability? International evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.
• Allen, F., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., &Peria, M. M. (2012). Foundations of financial inclusion. Policy Research Working Paper, 6290.
• Arora, R. U. (2014). Access to finance: an empirical analysis. The European Journal of Development Research, 26(5), 798-814.
• Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Martinez Peria, M. S. (2005). Reaching out: Access to and use of banking services across countries. The World Bank.
• Chakravarty, S. R., & Pal, R. (2013). Financial inclusion in India: An axiomatic approach. Journal of Policy modeling, 35(5), 813-837.
• Chauvet, L., &Jacolin, L. (2017). Financial inclusion, bank concentration, and firm performance. World Development, 97, 1-13.
• Claessens, S. (2006). Access to financial services: a review of the issues and public policy objectives. The World Bank Research Observer, 21(2), 207-240.
• Corrado, G., &Corrado, L. (2015). The geography of financial inclusion across Europe during the global crisis. Journal of Economic Geography, 15(5), 1055-1083.
• Dünya Bankası, 2018, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialinclusion
• Demirguc-Kunt, A., &Klapper, L. (2012). Measuring financial inclusion: The global findex database. The World Bank.
• Fungáčová, Z., & Weill, L. (2015). Understanding financial inclusion in China. China Economic Review, 34, 196-206.
• Honohan, P. (2008). Cross-country variation in household access to financial services. Journal of Banking & Finance, 32(11), 2493-2500.
• Inoue, T., &Hamori, S. (2016). Financial access and economic growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 52(3), 743-753.
• Iqbal, B. A., & Sami, S. (2017). Role of banks in financial inclusion in India. Contaduría y administración, 62(2), 644-656.
• Kim, D. W., Yu, J. S., & Hassan, M. K. (2018). Financial inclusion and economic growth in OIC countries. Research in International Business and Finance, 43, 1-14.
• Le, T. H., Chuc, A. T., &Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2019). Financial inclusion and its impact on financial efficiency and sustainability: Empirical evidence from Asia. Borsa Istanbul Review.
• López, T., & Winkler, A. (2019). Does financial inclusion mitigate credit boom-bust cycles?Journal of Financial Stability, 43, 116-129.
• Sarma, M. (2008). Index of financial inclusion. Working paper No. 215. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations.
• Sarma, M., &Pais, J. (2008). Financial inclusion and development: A cross country analysis. New Delhi: Madras Schools of Economics.
• Wang, X., & Guan, J. (2017). Financial inclusion: Measurement, spatial effects and influencing factors. Applied Economics, 49(18), 1751-1762.
• Zins, A., & Weill, L. (2016). The determinants of financial inclusion in Africa. Review of Development Finance, 6(1), 46-57