Okullarda Ayrılma, Kayıtsız Kalma, Muhalefet ve Sadakat ile Örgütsel Adalet İlişkisinde İş Doyumunun Aracı Etkisi

Year 2023, Issue: 58, 455 - 485, 02.05.2023

Nuray Özge Sağbaş , Murat Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1107981

Abstract

Bu araştırmada okullarda ayrılma, kayıtsız kalma, muhalefet ve sadakat ile örgütsel adalet ilişkisinde iş doyumunun aracı etkisi incelenmiştir. İlişkisel tarama deseninde yürütülen araştırmanın evrenini, Ankara iline bağlı dokuz ilçedeki resmi Anadolu Liselerinde görev yapan 6605 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya küme örnekleme yoluyla belirlenen 612 öğretmen gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Veri analizi öncesinde ölçeklerin geçerlikleri DFA, güvenirlikleri ise Cronbach alfa katsayısı incelenmiş olup, tümünün geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu görülmüştür. Veri setinin analizinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, Pearson korelasyon ve bootstrapping aracılık testi kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon analizi sonuçları; örgütsel adalet ve iş doyumunun, işten ayrılma, muhalefet ve kayıtsız kalma davranışları ile negatif, sadakat ile pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı ilişki içerisinde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu kapsamda örgütsel adalet ve iş doyumu öğretmenlerin ayrılma, muhalefet etme, kayıtsız kalma ve sadakat davranışlarının anlamlı bir yordayıcısıdır. Aracılık testi sonuçları ise ayrılma, kayıtsız kalma, muhalefet ve sadakat ile örgütsel adalet arasındaki ilişkide iş doyumunun aracı etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırma bulgularına dayalı olarak öğretmenlerin işten ayrılma, kayıtsız kalma ve muhalefet davranışlarının en aza indirilebilmesi için okullarda uygulamaların adil bir şekilde yapılmasının önemli bir etmen olduğu çıkarımında bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

İşten ayrılma niyeti, kayıtsız kalma, örgütsel muhalefet, sadakat, örgütsel adalet, iş doyumu

The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction on the Relation between Organizational Justice and Intention to Leave, Neglect, Dissent, and Loyalty in Schools

Abstract

In this study, the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relation between organizational justice and intention to leave, neglect, dissent, and loyalty in schools was investigated. The target population of the research carried out in the correlational survey model consists of 6605 teachers working in the State Anatolian High Schools in nine districts of Ankara. 612 teachers, determined through stratified sampling, participated in the study voluntarily. Before data analysis, CFA for the validity of the scales and the Cronbach alpha coefficient for their reliability were examined, and it was seen that all of them were valid and reliable. In the analysis of the dataset, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation and bootstrapping mediation test were used. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that organizational justice and job satisfaction related negatively to the behaviors of intention to leave, dissent and neglect, and they had a positive and statistically significant relation with loyalty. In this regard, organizational justice and job satisfaction are significant predictors of teachers' behaviors of intention to leave, dissent, neglect and loyalty. The results of mediation analysis, on the other hand, revealed that job satisfaction had a mediating effect on the relation between organizational justice and intention to leave, neglect, dissent, and loyalty. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that fair practices in schools were an important factor in minimizing teachers' intention to leave, neglect and dissent behaviors.

Keywords

Intention to leave, neglect, organizational dissent, loyalty, organizational justice, job satisfaction

References

• Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 267-299). New York: Academic. Aghaei, N., Moshiri, K., & Shahrbanian, S. (2012). Relationship between organizational justice and intention to leave in employees of sport and youth head office of tehran. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2(5), 1564-1570.
• Akada, T. (2015). Örgütsel muhalefete ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/’nden edinilmiştir (Tez no. 395298).
• Akman Y., & Özdemir, M. (2019). Örgütsel çekicilik, örgütsel imaj ve örgütsel sadakat arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi: Öğretmenler üzerine bir araştırma. Eğitim ve Bilim, 44(198), 1-16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2018.7928.
• Akman, Y. (2017). Örgütsel çekicilik, örgütsel imaj ve örgütsel sadakat arasındaki ilişkilerin öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/’nden edinilmiştir (Tez no. 483373).
• Aktan, C. C. (2015). Organizasyonlarda yanlış uygulamalara karşı bir sivil erdem, ahlaki tepki ve vicdani red davranışı: Whistleblowing. Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 19-36.
• Al-Kilani, M. H. (2017). The influence of organizational justice on intention to leave: examining the mediating role of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Management and Strategy, 8(1), 18-27.
• Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x.
• Altınkurt, Y., & Yılmaz, K. (2012). Ortaöğretim okullarında değerlerle yönetim, örgütsel adalet ve iş doyumu arasındaki ilişki. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(4), 50-68. https://doi.org/10.33710/sduijes.637366.
• Al-Zu'bi, H. A. (2010). A study of relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 102-109. DOI:10.5539/ijbm.v5n12p102.
• Anderson, G. (1990). Fundementals of educational research. London: The Farmer. Bakhshi, A., Kumar, K., & Rani, E. (2009). Organizational justice perceptions as predictor of job satisfaction and organization commitment. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(9), 145-154. DOI:10.5539/ijbm.v4n9p145. Balfour, D. L., & Wechsler, B. (1996). Organizational commitment: A reconceptualization and emprical test of public-private differences. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 10(3), 23-24. DOI: 10.2307/3380574.
• Balfour, D. L, & Wechsler, B. (1996). Organizational commitment: Antecedents and out comes in public organizations. Public Productivity & Management Review, 19(3), 256-277. DOI: 10.2307/3380574.
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research – conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.
• Baş, G., & Şentürk, C. (2011). İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin örgütsel adalet, örgütsel vatandaşlık ve örgütsel güven algıları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 1(1), 29-62.
• Bayarçelik, E. B., & Afacan Fındıklı, M. (2016). The mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relation between organizational justice perception and intention to leave. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 403-411. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.050.
• Beugre, C. D. (2002). Understanding organizational justice and its impact on managing employees: An African perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(7), 1091-1104. DOI: 10.1080/09585190210131311.
• Bogler, R., & Somech, A. (2004). Influence of teacher empowerment on teachers’ organizational commitment, professional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in schools. Teacher and Teacher Education, 20, 277-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2004.02.003.
• Borzaga, C., & Tortia, E. (2006). Worker motivations, job satisfaction, and loyalty in public and nonprofit social services. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 35(2), 225-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764006287207.
• Clay-Warner, J., Reynolds, J., & Roman, P. (2005). Organizational justice and job satisfaction: A test of three competing models. Social Justice Research, 18(4), 391-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-005-8567-5.
• Cropanzano, R., & Folger, R. (1991). Procedural justice and worker motivation. In R. M. Steers & L. W. Porter (Eds.). Motivation and work behavior (5th Ed., pp. 131-143). New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Çelik, O. T. (2011). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin ve öğretmenlerinin örgütsel adalet algıları ile iş doyumları arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/’nden edinilmiştir (Tez no. 294147).
• Dağlı, A., & Ağalday, B. (2014). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel muhalif davranış biçimlerine ilişkin görüşleri. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(50), 112-128. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.54733.
• Decker, F. H., Harris-Kojetin, L. D., & Bercovitz, A. (2009). Intrinsic job satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and intention to leave the job among nursing assistants in nursing homes. The Gerontologist, 49(5), 596–610. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnp051.
• DeConinck, J. B. (2010). The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees' level of trust. Journal of Business Research, 63(12), 1349-1355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.01.003.
• Demirtaş, Z., & Nacar, D. (2018). Öğretmenlerin iş doyumu ve örgütsel sessizlik algıları arasındaki ilişki. The Journal of Educational Reflections, 2(1), 13- 23.
• Doğruöz, E., & Özdemir, M. (2018). Eğitim örgütlerinde üretim karşıtı iş davranışları ve örgütsel bağlılık İlişkisi. Elementary Education Online, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2018.413790.
• Durkheim, E. (2018). Toplumsal işbölümü (Ö. Ozankaya, Çev.). İzmir: Cem.
• Elçi, M., Karabay, M. E., Alpkan, L., & Şener, İ. (2014). The mediating role of mobbing on the relationship between organizational silence and turnover intention. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 1298-1309. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.110.
• Elma, C. (2003). İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin işe yabancılaşması, Ankara ili örneği (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/’nden edinilmiştir (Tez no. 205179).
• Ergun Özler, N. D., & Dirican, M. (2014). Örgütlerde yabancılaşma ile tükenmişlik sendromu arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 39, 291-310.
• Farrell, D. (1983). Exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect as responses to job dissatisfaction: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of management journal, 26(4), 596-607. DOI: 10.2307/255909.
• Fischer, R. (2004). Rewarding employee loyalty: An organizational justice approach. International Journal of Organizational Behavior, 8(3), 486-503.
• Gbadamosi, L., & Chinaka, N. J. (2011). Organizational politics, turnover intention and organizational commitment as predictors of employees’ efficiency and effectiveness in academia. In Proceedings of Informing Science & IT Education Conference, 305-314. https://doi.org/10.28945/1461.
• Goodboy, A. K., Chory, R. M., & Dunleavy, K. N. (2008). Organizational dissent as a function of organizational justice. Communication Research Reports, 25(4), 255-265. DOI: 10.1080/08824090802440113.
• Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.2307/257990.
• Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16(2), 399-432. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639001600208.
• Hagedoorn, M., Van Yperen, N. W., Van de Vliert, E., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Employees' reactions to problematic events: A circumplex structure of five categories of responses, and the role of job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(3), 309-321. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199905)20:3<309::aid-job895>3.0.co;2-p.
• Hassan, A. (2002). Organizational justice as a determinant of organizational commitment and intention to leave. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 7(2), 55-66.
• Herzberg, F. I., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: Wiley.
• Hirschman, A. O. (1970). Exit, voice, and loyalty. Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states. England: Harvard University Press.
• Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills CA: SAGE Publications.
• Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Hong, L. C., & Kaur, S. (2008). A relationship between organizational climate, employee personality and intention to leave. International Review of Business Research Papers, 4(3), 1-10.
• Hoy, W.K., & Tarter, C.J. (2004). Organizational justice in schools: No justice without trust. International Journal of Educational Management, 18(4), 250-259.
• Hur, W. M., Park, S. I., & Moon, T. W. (2014). The moderating roles of organizational justice on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and organizational loyalty in airline services. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(3), 195-206. DOI:10.1108/JSM-07-2012-0118.
• Imran, R., Majeed, M., & Ayub, A. (2015). Impact of organizational justice, job security and job satisfaction on organizational productivity. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(9), 840-845. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.97.2.251.
• Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1981). Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment evaluations. Evaluation Review, 5, 602–619. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X8100500502.
• Judge, T., & Robbins, S. P. (2017). Örgütsel davranış. Ankara: Nobel.
• Kalağan, G., & Güzeller, C. O. (2010). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(27), 83-97.
• Kassing, J. W. (1998). Development and validation of the organizational dissent scale. Management Communation Quarterly, 12(2), 183- 229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318998122002.
• Kassing, J. W., & McDowell, Z. J. (2008). Disagreeing about what's fair: Exploring the relationship between perceptions of justice and employee dissent. Communication research reports, 25(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824090701831784.
• Kılıç, Y. (2016). Lise öğretmenlerinin örgütsel adalet ve iş doyumu algıları arasındaki ilişki düzeyleri. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28, 259-267. https://doi.org/10.14582/DUZGEF.727. Kumar, K., & Gupta, G. (2008). Perceived organizational justice, job satisfaction and turnover intentions: a co-relational study. Gujarat Journal of Psychology, 25-26.
• Lawler, E. E., & Porter, L. W. (1967). The effect of performance on job satisfaction. Industrial Relations, 7(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1967.tb01060.x.
• Leck, J. D., & Saunders, D. M. (1992). Hirschmans’ loyalty: Attitude or behavior? Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 5, 219-230. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01385049.
• Loi, R., Hang‐Yue, N., & Foley, S. (2006). Linking employees' justice perceptions to organizational commitment and intention to leave: The mediating role of perceived organizational support. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79(1), 101-120. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X39657.
• MacIntosh, E. W., & Doherty, A. (2010). The influence of organizational culture on job satisfaction and intention to leave. Sport Management Review, 13(2), 106-117. DOI:10.1016/j.smr.2009.04.006.
• MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the ındirect effect: distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99–128. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4.
• MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83-104. DOI: 10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.83.
• Miner, J. B. (1992). Industrial-organizational psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Mobley, W. H. (1977). Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2), 237-240. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.62.2.237.
• Mobley, W. H., Horner, S. O., & Hollingsworth, A. T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408-414. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.63.4.408.
• Muchinsky, P. M. (2000). Emotions in the workplace: The neglect of organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(7), 801–805. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1379(200011)21:7<801::AID-JOB999>3.0.CO;2-A.
• Nadiri, H., & Tanova, C. (2010). An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 33-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.05.001.
• Najafi, S., Noruzy, A., Azar, H. K., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S., & Dalvand, M. R. (2011). Investigating the relationship between organizational justice, psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior: An empirical model. African Journal of Business Management, 5(13), 5241-5248. DOI: 10.5897/AJBM10.1505.
• Neal, A., Griffin, M. A., & Hart, P. M. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34(1-3), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00008-4.
• Ohana, M. (2014). A multilevel study of the relationship between organizational justice and affective commitment. Personnel Review, 43(5), 654-671. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2013-0073.
• Ololube, N. P. (2006). Teachers job satisfaction and motivation for school effectiveness: An assessment. Essays in Education, 18(1), 1-19.
• Ouyang, Z., Sang, J., Li, P., & Peng, J. (2015). Organizational justice and job insecurity as mediators of the effect of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction: A study from China. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 147-152. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.004.
• Örücü, E., & Özafşarlıoğlu, S. (2013). Örgütsel adaletin çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: Güney Afrika Cumhuriyetinde bir uygulama. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(23), 335-358.
• Özdemir, M. (2011). Lise yöneticilerinin örgütsel muhalefete ilişkin görüşleri. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 1895-1908.
• Özdemir, M. (2013). Genel liselerde görev yapan öğretmenlerin örgütsel muhalefete ilişkin görüşleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 38(168), 113-128.
• Polat, S., & Celep, C. (2008). Ortaöğretim öğretmenlerinin örgütsel adalet, örgütsel güven, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışlarına ilişkin algıları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 54(54), 307-331.
• Ponnu, C. H., & Chuah, C. C. (2010). Organizational commitment, organizational justice and employee turnover in Malaysia. African Journal of Business Management, 4(13), 2676-2692. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM.9000442.
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717-731. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206553.
• Price, J. L. (1997). Handbook of organizational measurement. International Journal of Manpower, 18(4,5,6), 305- 558.
• Richard, O. C., McMillan-Capehart, A., Bhuian, S. N., & Taylor, E. C. (2009). Antecedents and consequences of psychological contracts: Does organizational culture really matter? Journal of Business Research, 62(8), 818-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.04.001.
• Rusbult, C. E., Farrel, D., Rogers, G., & Mainous, A.G. (1988). Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty and neglect: an integrative model of responses to declining job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 31(3), 599-627. https://doi.org/10.5465/256461.
• Rusbult, C. E., Zembrodt, I. M., & Gunn, L. K. (1982). Exit, voice, loyalty and neglect: Responses to dissatisfaction in romantic involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(6), 1230-1242. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.6.1230.
• Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290-312. DOI: 10.2307/270723.
• Syed, J., Pio, E., Jauhari, H., & Singh, S. (2013). Perceived diversity climate and employees’ organizational loyalty. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 32(3), 262-276.
• Şahin, H., & Dursun, A. (2009). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin iş doyumları: Burdur örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18, 160-179.
• Şimşek, M. Ş., & Aslan, Ş. (2012). Mesleki ve örgütsel bağlılığın örgütsel davranışa ilişkin sonuçlarla ilişkileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(23), 414- 454.
• Taştan, M., & Yılmaz, K. (2008). Organizational citizenship and organizational justice scales’ adaptation Turkish. Eğitim ve Bilim, 33(150), 87-96.
• Tziner, A., Oren, L., Bar, Y., & Kadosh, G. (2011). Corporate social responsibility, organizational justice and job satisfaction: how do they interrelate, if at all?. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 27(1), 67-72.
• Uzun, T. (2018). Öğretmenlerin algıladığı örgütsel destek ile örgütsel özdeşleşme ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişki: Örgütsel güvenin aracı rolü. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(18), 133-155.
• Vangel, K. (2011, Ocak). Employee responses to job dissatisfaction. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2729/ca998bd150d04c64bb08070cbfafc9d8b238.pdf. adresinden edinilmiştir.
• Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., & England, G. W. (1967). Manual for the minnesota satisfaction questionnaire. Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation, 22, 120.
• Weiss, D.J., Davis, R.V., England, G.W. , & Lofquist, L. H. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota.
• Withey, M. J., & Cooper, W. H. (1989). Predicting exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34(4), 521-539. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393565.
• Yılmaz, A., & Ceylan, Ç. B. (2011). İlköğretim okul yöneticilerinin liderlik davranış düzeyleri ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu ilişkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 2(2), 277-394.
• Yüksel, H., & Yüksel, M. (2014). İş doyumu ile işten ayrılma düzeyi arasındaki ilişki: İlköğretim öğretmenleri üzerinde bir uygulama. Journal of International Social Research, 7(32), 559-572.
• Zamanan, M., Alkhaldi, M., Almajroub, A., Alajmi, A., Alshammari, J., & Aburumman, O. (2020). The influence of HRM practices and employees’ satisfaction on intention to leave. Management Science Letters, 10(8), 1887-1894. DOI:10.5267/j.msl.2019.12.030.
• Zainalipour, H., Fini, A. A. S., & Mirkamali, S. M. (2010). A study of relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction among teachers in Bandar Abbas middle school. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1986-1990.