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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>pausbed</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1308-2922</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-6985</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Pamukkale University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30794/pausbed.1734270</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Old Anatolian History</subject>
                                                            <subject>History of Old Asia Minor</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Eski Anadolu Tarihi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Eski Önasya Tarihi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>HİTİT DEVLETİ’NDE SAYGI: DİLSEL İFADELER VE DAVRANIŞSAL GÖSTERGELER</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>RESPECT IN THE HITTITE STATE: LINGUISTIC EXPRESSIONS AND BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7245-2872</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Atila</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nermin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Hitit Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                                                <issue>Advanced Online Publication</issue>
                                                
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250703">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>03</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251125">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2008, Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                                                <abstract><p>MÖ. 17. yy. ve 12 yy. arasında Anadolu ve Eski Yakındoğu’nun bir kısmında yaşamış olan Hitit Devleti’nde saygı, iç içe geçmiş birden fazla anlamı barındıran, dinamik bir davranıştır. Hitit metinlerinde saygı kavramı, saygı dili ve saygı göstergelerine ilişkin bilgiler tespit edilmiştir. Hititlerde saygı, dini ve manevi değerleri oluşturan sevgi, sadakat, bağlılık anlamının yanı sıra korku duygusunun hâkim olduğu kurallardır. Bu bağlamda, Hititçe çivi yazılı belgelerin yazılışında, hitaplarda ve etkinliklerde saygı kuralları uygulanmıştır. Hititler, saygı kurallarını benimsemek ve göstergeleştirmek, farklı etnik kökenden ve inançtan insanları bir arada tutmak amacıyla sembolik saygı eylemlerinde bulunmuşlardır. Sözsüz iletişimde kullanılan bu saygı göstergeleri; ayağa kalkmak, eğilmek, diz çökmek, dua jesti, kralın yakınında oturmak gibi davranış kalıplarıdır. Bu çalışmada, Hititçe çivi yazılı belgelerdeki saygı teriminden yola çıkarak, Hitit Devleti’nin saygı anlayışı ortaya koyulacaktır. Hitit mektuplarında, antlaşmalarında, dualarında, ritüellerinde ve tarihi metinlerinde saygı dilinin varlığı, saygı dilinde kullanılan kalıplaşmış ifadeler belirtilecektir. Hitit saygı göstergelerinin önemi ve kanıksanmış saygı davranışları incelenecektir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>In the Hittite Kingdom, which flourished in Anatolia and parts of the Ancient Near East between the 17th and 12th centuries BC, respect was a dynamic behaviour encompassing multiple intertwined meanings. Information regarding the concept of respect, the language of respect and indicators of respect has been identified in Hittite texts. For the Hittites, respect comprised rules governed by a sense of fear, alongside the meanings of love, loyalty and devotion that formed religious and spiritual values. In this context, rules of respect were applied in the composition of Hittite cuneiform documents, in forms of address and during ceremonies. The Hittites engaged in symbolic acts of respect with the aim of adopting and institutionalising rules of respect, and of uniting people of different ethnic origins and beliefs. These indicators of respect, used in non-verbal communication, include behavioural patterns such as standing up, bowing, kneeling, making a gesture of prayer, and sitting near the king. In this study, drawing on the concept of respect found in Hittite cuneiform documents, the Hittite state’s understanding of respect will be elucidated. The presence of the language of respect in Hittite letters, treaties, prayers, rituals and historical texts, along with the standardised expressions used within this language, will be highlighted. The significance of Hittite signs of respect and established respectful behaviours will be examined.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                    <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Saygı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Saygı dili</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Saygı göstergeleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hürmet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Nezaket</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                                                                                    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Respect</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  The language of respect</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Signs of respect</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Deference</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kindness</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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