TÜRKİYE’NİN DOĞA KORUMA VE BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİK POLİTİKASININ AVRUPALILAŞMASI

Year 2021, Issue: 47, 237 - 246, 02.11.2021

Neriman Hocaoğlu Bahadır

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.901467

Abstract

Avrupa Birliği (AB), çevre politikası akanında önde gelen aktörlerinden biridir. AB'nin öncü rolü, kısmen çevreyi insanlığın olumsuz etkilerinden koruma amacından ve kısmen de sınırsız çevre sorunlarının doğasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Doğanın korunması ve biyolojik çeşitlilik, çevrenin önemli bir parçasıdır. Önde gelen bir aktör olarak AB, aday devletlerin politikalarını etkiler. Bu devletler, AB'nin bir parçası olmak istiyorlarsa, AB politikaları ile uyumlu olmalıdırlar. Türkiye de aday ülke olarak AB politikalarına uyumlu olmalıdır. Bu araştırma, Türkiye'nin bu alanda Avrupalılaşmasını görmek için doğa koruma ve biyolojik çeşitlilik üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu araştırma, Avrupalılaşmanın bir gereği olarak AB ve Türkiye doğa koruma ve biyolojik çeşitlilik politikası arasındaki “uyumsuzlukları” ortaya koymakta ve Avrupalılaşma sürecinin sonuçlarını gözlemlemektedir. Sonuç olarak, AB'nin Türkiye’nin doğa koruma ve biyolojik çeşitlilik politikası üzerindeki etkilerinin istenilen düzeyde olmadığı görülmektedir.

Keywords

Avrupalılaşma, doğa koruma, biyolojik çeşitlilik, uyumsuzluk

THE EUROPEANIZATION OF TURKEY’S NATURE PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY POLICY

Abstract

European Union (EU) is one of the leading actors in the environment policy field. The leading role of the EU partially comes from its aim to protect the environment from the negative effects of the mankind and partially due to the nature of borderless environmental problems. Nature protection and biodiversity is an important part of the environment. As a leading actor the EU affects the policies of the candidate states. These states have to be in line with the EU policies if they want to be part of the EU. Turkey, as a candidate state, has to be in line with the EU policies, as well. This research focuses on nature protection and biodiversity in order to see the Europeanisation of Turkey in this field. So, this research specifies “misfit”s between EU and Turkish nature protection and biodiversity policy as a need of Europeanization and observes the outcomes of Europeanization process. As a result, it can be seen that the effects of EU on Turkish nature protection and biodiversity policy are not at the desired level.

Keywords

Europeanization, nature protection, biodiversity, misfit

References

• 2000 Regular Report. (8 November 2000). https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/Tur_En_Realitons/Progress/Turkey_Progress_Report_2000.pdf (Access Date: 14.03.2021).
• 2002 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession. (9 October 2002). https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/Tur_En_Realitons/Progress/Turkey_Progress_Report_2002.pdf (Access Date: 07.03.2021).
• Börzel Tanja and Thomas Risse. (2000) “When Europe Hits Home: Europeanization and Domestic Change”, European Integration online Papers, 4/15.
• Börzel, T. A. (2002). States and Regions in the European Union Institutional Adaptation in Germany and Spain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Börzel, T. A. and D. Panke. (2010). “Europeanization?”, European Union Politics, (Ed: M. Cini and N. P. S. Borragan), Third Edition. Oxford University Press.
• Börzel, Tanja. (2003). “How the European Union Interacts with its Member States”, Political Science Series, 93.
• Çörtoğlu, F. S. (2009). Avrupalılaşma Bağlamında Türkiye’de Doğa Koruma ve Biyolojik Çeşitlilik, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
• Council of Europe. (02.03.2021). Chart of signatures and ratification of Treaty 176: European Landscape Convention. https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/176/signatures (02.03.2021).
• Directorate for EU Affairs. (2019). Current Situation. https://www.ab.gov.tr/current-situation_65_en.html (17.03.2021).
• Erdoğdu, E. (2009). Turkish support to Kyoto Protocol: A reality or just an illusion. MPRA Paper. 19089, 1-36.
• European Commission. (2006). 2770th Council Meeting General Affairs and External Relations. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/PRES_06_352 (17.03.2021).
• European Commission. (n.d.)a. Why do we need to protect biodiversity?, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/intro/index_en.htm (25.02.2021).
• European Commission. (n.d)b. The European Union and Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/cites/index_en.htm (08.03.2021).
• European Commission. (n.d)c. Natura 2000. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/index_en.htm (11.03.2021).
• European Commission. (n.d)d. The Birds Directive. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm (11.03.2021).
• European Commission. (n.d)e. The Habitats Directive. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm (11.03.2021).
• Héritier, A. (2001). “Differential Europe: The European Union Impact on national Policymaking”, Differential Europe: The European Union Impact on national Policymaking, (Ed: A. Héritier; D. Lehmkuhl; D. Kerwer; C. Knill; M. Teutsch & A.C. Douillet), Rowman &Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Md.
• Ladrech, R. (1994). “Europeanization of Domestic Politics and Institutions: The Case of France”, JCMS, 32/1, 69-88.
• Radaelli, C. M. (2000). “Whither Europeanization? Concept stretching and substantive change”, European Integration online Papers, 4/8.
• Ramsar. (n.d.). About the Convention on Wetlands. https://www.ramsar.org/about-the-convention-on-wetlands-0 (13.03.2021).
• Shah, A. (2014) Why is Biodiversity important? Who cares, http://www.globalissues.org/article/170/why-is-biodiversity-important-who-cares (25.01.2021).
• Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. (n.d.). Yabani Hayvan ve Bitki Türlerinin Uluslararası Ticaret Konvansiyonu (CITES). https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BSGM/Belgeler/Uluslararas%C4%B1%20Kurulu%C5%9Flar/CITES.pdf (07.03.2021).
• TC Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (n.d.) Kyoto Protokolü. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/kyoto-protokolu.tr.mfa (10.03.2021).
• Tocci, N. (2011). Turkey’s European Future. New York University Press: New York.
• Turkey 2005 Progress Report. (09 November 2005). https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/Tur_En_Realitons/Progress/Turkey_Progress_Report_2005.pdf (13.03.2021).
• Turkey 2008 Progress Report. (05 November 2008). https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/Tur_En_Realitons/Progress/turkey_progress_report_2008.pdf (13.03.2021).
• Turkey 2009 Progress Report. (14 October 2009). https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/Tur_En_Realitons/Progress/turkey_progress_report_2009.pdf (07.03.2021).
• Turkey 2010 Progress Report. (9 November 2010). https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/Tur_En_Realitons/Progress/turkey_progress_report_2010.pdf (15.03.2021).
• Turkey 2011 Progress Report. (12 October 2011). https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/AdaylikSureci/IlerlemeRaporlari/tr_rapport_2011_en.pdf (07.03.2021).
• Turkey 2012 Progress Report. (12 October 2012). https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/tr_rapport_2012_en.pdf (07.03.2021).
• Turkey 2015 Report. (10 November 2015). https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/5%20Ekim/2015_turkey_report.pdf (13.03.2021).
• Turkey 2016 Report. (9 November 2016). https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/pub/2016_progress_report_en.pdf (13.03.2021).
• Turkey 2019 Report. (25 May 2019). https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/resimler/20190529-turkey-report(1).pdf (13.03.2021).
• Turkey 2020 Report. (06 October 2020). https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/trkiye_raporustrateji_belgesi_2020/turkey_report_2020.pdf (13.03.2021).
• UNFCCC. (n.d.). What is the Kyoto Protocol. https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol (08.03.2021).
• United Nations. (1992). Convention on Biological Diversity. https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd-en.pdf (23.02.2021).
• World Economic Forum. (2021). The Global Risks Report 16th Edition. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Global_Risks_Report_2021.pdf (01.03.2021).
• WWF. (2008). Türkiye’deki Ramsar Alanları Değerlendirme Raporu. https://wwftr.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/wwf_turkiye_ramsar_alanlari_degerlendirme_raporu.pdf?1421 (13.03.2021).