Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 5, 204 - 221, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.111.9.5

Abstract

References

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  • Bellibaş, M.Ş., & Sedat Gümüş, S. (2021). The effect of learning-centred leadership and teacher trust on teacher professional learning: evidence from a centralised education system. Professional Development in Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2021.1879234
  • Boies, K., & Fiset, J. (2018). Leadership and communication as antecedents of shared mental models emergence. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 31(3), 293-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21267
  • Booysen, L. (2014). The development of inclusive leadership practice and processes. In B. M. Ferdman & B. R. Deane (Eds.), Diversity at work: The practice of inclusion (pp. 296-329). Jossey-Bass/Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118764282.ch10
  • Bryk, A. S., & Schneider, B. (2003). Trust in schools: A core resource for school reform. Educational leadership: Journal of the Department of Supervision and Curriculum Development, 60(6), 40-45.
  • Brunsson, N. (2002). The organization of hypocrisy: Talk, decisions and actions in organizations (2.ed.). Abstrakt Liber Copenhagen Business School Press.
  • Burke, C. S., Sims, D. E., Lazzara, E. H., & Salas, E. (2007). Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and integration. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(6), 606-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.09.006
  • Cansoy, R., Polatcan, M., & Parlar, H. (2020). Paternalistic school principal behaviours and teachers’ participation in decision making: The intermediary role of teachers’ trust in principals. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 5(2), 553-584. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2020.2.8
  • Cenkci, A. T., Bircan, T., & Zimmerman, J. (2020). Inclusive leadership and work engagement: the mediating role of procedural justice. Management Research Review, 44(1). 158-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-03-2020-0146
  • Choi, S. B., Tran, T. B. H., & Kang, S. W. (2017). Inclusive leadership and employee well-being: The mediating role of person-job fit. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(6), 1877-1901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9801-6
  • Christensen, L. T., Morsing, M., & Thyssen, O. (2013). CSR as aspirational talk. Organization, 20(3), 372-393. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508413478310
  • Çayak, S. (2021). The mediating role of organizational hypocrisy in the relationship between organizational silence and organizational rumor: a study on educational organizations. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(2), 1-13. https://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.2.177
  • DeMatthews, D. (2020). Undoing systems of exclusion: exploring inclusive leadership and systems thinking in two inclusive elementary schools. Journal of Educational Administration. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2020-0044
  • Doney, P. M., & Cannon, J. P. (1997). An examination of the nature of trust in buyer–seller relationships. Journal of marketing, 61(2), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299706100203
  • Edmondson, A. C., Kramer, R. M., & Cook, K. S. (2004). Psychological safety, trust, and learning in organizations: A group-level lens. Trust and distrust in organizations: Dilemmas and approaches, 12(2004), 239-272.
  • Elsaied, M. M. (2020). A moderated mediation model for the relationship between inclusive leadership and job embeddedness. American Journal of Business, 35(3/4), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJB-06-2019-0035
  • Erdem, M., Aydin, I., Tasdan, M., & Akin, U. (2011). Educational problems and solutions in Turkey: The views of district governors. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 39, 242. https://doi.org/101177/1741143210390059
  • Fang, Y. C., Chen, J. Y., Wang, M. J., & Chen, C. Y. (2019). The impact of inclusive leadership on employees’ innovative behaviors: the mediation of psychological capital. Frontiers in Psychology, 1803. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01803
  • Farnsworth, S. J., Hallam, P. R., & Hilton, S. C. (2019). Principal learning-centered leadership and faculty trust in the principal. NASSP Bulletin, 103(3), 209-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636519871624
  • Fraenkel, W., Wallen, N., & Hyun, E. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
  • Fukuyama, F. (1996). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. Simon and Schuster.
  • Ganon-Shilon, S., Finkelstein, I., Sela-Shayovitz, R., & Schechter, C. (2022). Inclusive leadership in times of COVID-19 crisis: the role of district and school leaders in fostering school sense-making processes within a national ınclusion and ıntegration reform. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2022.2052907
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). Reliability and validity assessment. Sage Thousand Oaks CA.
  • Göçen, A., Uzun, M., & Kaya, A. (2021). Examining the relationship between organizational cynicism and organizational hypocrisy in schools. OPUS International Journal of Society Researchers, 18(44), 8001-8024. https://doi.org/10.26466//opus.906933
  • Guo, Y., Zhu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2020). Inclusive leadership, leader identification and employee voice behavior: The moderating role of power distance. Current Psychology, 41, 1301-1310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00647-x
  • Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long range planning, 46(1-2), 1-12. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2233795
  • Hallinger, P., Liu, S., & Piyaman, P. (2017). Does principal leadership make a difference in teacher professional learning? A comparative study China and Thailand. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 49(3), 341-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2017.1407237
  • Handford, V., & Leithwood, K. (2013). Why teachers trust school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration. 51(2), 194-212. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231311304706
  • Hitt, D. H., & Tucker, P. D. (2016). Systematic review of key leader practices found to influence student achievement: A unified framework. Review of educational research, 86(2), 531-569. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315614911
  • Hollander, E. P. (2008). Inclusive leadership: The essential leader-follower relationship. Routledge/Psychology Press.
  • Hoppey, D., & McLeskey, J. (2013). A case study of principal leadership in an effective inclusive school. The Journal of Special Education, 46(4), 245-256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466910390507
  • Hoy, W. K., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (1999). Five faces of trust: An empirical confirmation in urban elementary schools. Journal of School leadership, 9(3), 184-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268469900900301
  • Hoy, W. K., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (2003). The conceptualization and measurement of faculty trust in schools: The Omnibus T-Scale. In W. K. Hoy & C. G. Miskel (Eds.), Studies in leading and organizing schools (pp. 181-208). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Iltis, A. S. (2005). Value based decision making: Organizational Mission and Integrity. H E C Forum, 17(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-005-4947-3
  • Jiang, J., Ding, W., Wang, R., & Li, S. (2020). Inclusive leadership and employees’ voice behavior: A moderated mediation model. Current Psychology, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01139-8
  • Karacabey, M. F., Bellibaş, M. Ş., & Adams, D. (2022). Principal leadership and teacher professional learning in Turkish schools: examining the mediating effects of collective teacher efficacy and teacher trust. Educational Studies, 48(2), 253-272, https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1749835
  • Khan, J., Jaafar, M., Javed, B., Mubarak, N., & Saudagar, T. (2020). Does inclusive leadership affect project success? The mediating role of perceived psychological empowerment and psychological safety. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 13(5), 1077-1096. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-10-2019-0267
  • Kılıçoğlu, G. (2017a). Organizational hypocrisy and integrity in Turkish contexk: a theoretical analysis. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 23(3), 465-504. https://doi.org/10.14527/kuey.2017.016
  • Kılıçoğlu, G. (2017b). Consistency or discrepancy? Rethinking schools from organizational hypocrisy to integrity. Management in Education, 31(3), 118-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020617715268
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., Kılıçoğlu, D.Y., & Hammersley-Fletcher, L. (2019). Leading Turkish schools: A study of the causes and consequences of organisational hypocrisy. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(4), 745-761. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218822778
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., Kılıçoğlu, D.Y., & Karadağ, E. (2017). Do schools fail to "walk their talk"? Development and validation of a scale measuring organizational hypocrisy. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1-31. https://doi.org/101080/1570076320171371762
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., & Yılmaz Kılıçoğlu, D. (2019). Understanding organizational hypocrisy in schools: The relationships between organizational legitimacy, ethical leadership, organizational hypocrisy and work-related outcomes. International Journal of Leadership in Education, https://doi.org/101080/1360312420191623924
  • Kılınç, A. Ç., Polatcan, M., Savaş, G., & Er, E. (2022). How transformational leadership influences teachers’ commitment and innovative practices: Understanding the moderating role of trust in principal. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 17411432221082803. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221082803
  • Kline, R.B. (2011). Methodology in the social sciences: Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Ma, X., & Marion, R. (2021). Exploring how instructional leadership affects teacher efficacy: A multilevel analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(1), 188-207. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143219888742
  • Mor Barak, M. E., Luria, G., & Brimhall, K. C. (2021). What leaders say versus what they do: Inclusive leadership, policy-practice decoupling, and the anomaly of climate for inclusion. Group & Organization Management, 10596011211005916. https://doi.org/10.1177/10596011211005916
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Examining the Effect of Principals' Inclusive Leadership Practices on Organizational Hypocrisy through the Mediating Role of Trust in Principal

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 5, 204 - 221, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.111.9.5

Abstract

This study aims to explore the effect of inclusive leadership and trust in principal on organizational hypocrisy in schools. We employed a quantitative methodology and used a cross-sectional survey design and Structural Equation Modelling to determine the relationships between inclusive leadership, trust in principal, and organizational hypocrisy. The research sample consisted of 408 teachers working in preschool, primary, secondary and high schools in different regions of Türkiye. We collected the data of the study through "Inclusive Leadership Scale," "Organizational Hypocrisy Scale," and "Trust in Principal Scale." The results showed that inclusive leadership, directly and indirectly, affected organizational hypocrisy. According to the total effect, inclusive leadership had a significant, negative, and large impact on organizational hypocrisy and explained 75% of the variance in organizational hypocrisy. Results also indicated a direct effect of inclusive leadership on trust in principal and of trust in principal on organizational hypocrisy. In addition, trust in principal had a mediator effect between inclusive leadership and organizational hypocrisy. Consequently, inclusive leadership and trust in principal were important variables in reducing organizational hypocrisy in schools. In this context, principals need to increase trust in principal by displaying inclusive leadership behaviors to reduce organizational hypocrisy that causes negative consequences in schools.

References

  • Alicke, M., Gordon, E., & Rose, D. (2013). Hypocrisy: what counts? Philosophical Psychology, 26(5), 673-701. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2012.677397
  • Argyris, C., & Schon, D. A. (1974). Theory in practice: Increasing professional effectiveness. Jossey-bass.
  • Bektaş, F. Kılınç, A. Ç., & Gümüş, S. (2020). The effects of distributed leadership on teacher professional learning: mediating roles of teacher trust in principal and teacher motivation. Educational Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1793301
  • Bellibaş, M.Ş., & Sedat Gümüş, S. (2021). The effect of learning-centred leadership and teacher trust on teacher professional learning: evidence from a centralised education system. Professional Development in Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2021.1879234
  • Boies, K., & Fiset, J. (2018). Leadership and communication as antecedents of shared mental models emergence. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 31(3), 293-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21267
  • Booysen, L. (2014). The development of inclusive leadership practice and processes. In B. M. Ferdman & B. R. Deane (Eds.), Diversity at work: The practice of inclusion (pp. 296-329). Jossey-Bass/Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118764282.ch10
  • Bryk, A. S., & Schneider, B. (2003). Trust in schools: A core resource for school reform. Educational leadership: Journal of the Department of Supervision and Curriculum Development, 60(6), 40-45.
  • Brunsson, N. (2002). The organization of hypocrisy: Talk, decisions and actions in organizations (2.ed.). Abstrakt Liber Copenhagen Business School Press.
  • Burke, C. S., Sims, D. E., Lazzara, E. H., & Salas, E. (2007). Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and integration. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(6), 606-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.09.006
  • Cansoy, R., Polatcan, M., & Parlar, H. (2020). Paternalistic school principal behaviours and teachers’ participation in decision making: The intermediary role of teachers’ trust in principals. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 5(2), 553-584. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2020.2.8
  • Cenkci, A. T., Bircan, T., & Zimmerman, J. (2020). Inclusive leadership and work engagement: the mediating role of procedural justice. Management Research Review, 44(1). 158-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-03-2020-0146
  • Choi, S. B., Tran, T. B. H., & Kang, S. W. (2017). Inclusive leadership and employee well-being: The mediating role of person-job fit. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(6), 1877-1901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9801-6
  • Christensen, L. T., Morsing, M., & Thyssen, O. (2013). CSR as aspirational talk. Organization, 20(3), 372-393. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508413478310
  • Çayak, S. (2021). The mediating role of organizational hypocrisy in the relationship between organizational silence and organizational rumor: a study on educational organizations. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(2), 1-13. https://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.2.177
  • DeMatthews, D. (2020). Undoing systems of exclusion: exploring inclusive leadership and systems thinking in two inclusive elementary schools. Journal of Educational Administration. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2020-0044
  • Doney, P. M., & Cannon, J. P. (1997). An examination of the nature of trust in buyer–seller relationships. Journal of marketing, 61(2), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299706100203
  • Edmondson, A. C., Kramer, R. M., & Cook, K. S. (2004). Psychological safety, trust, and learning in organizations: A group-level lens. Trust and distrust in organizations: Dilemmas and approaches, 12(2004), 239-272.
  • Elsaied, M. M. (2020). A moderated mediation model for the relationship between inclusive leadership and job embeddedness. American Journal of Business, 35(3/4), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJB-06-2019-0035
  • Erdem, M., Aydin, I., Tasdan, M., & Akin, U. (2011). Educational problems and solutions in Turkey: The views of district governors. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 39, 242. https://doi.org/101177/1741143210390059
  • Fang, Y. C., Chen, J. Y., Wang, M. J., & Chen, C. Y. (2019). The impact of inclusive leadership on employees’ innovative behaviors: the mediation of psychological capital. Frontiers in Psychology, 1803. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01803
  • Farnsworth, S. J., Hallam, P. R., & Hilton, S. C. (2019). Principal learning-centered leadership and faculty trust in the principal. NASSP Bulletin, 103(3), 209-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636519871624
  • Fraenkel, W., Wallen, N., & Hyun, E. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
  • Fukuyama, F. (1996). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. Simon and Schuster.
  • Ganon-Shilon, S., Finkelstein, I., Sela-Shayovitz, R., & Schechter, C. (2022). Inclusive leadership in times of COVID-19 crisis: the role of district and school leaders in fostering school sense-making processes within a national ınclusion and ıntegration reform. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2022.2052907
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). Reliability and validity assessment. Sage Thousand Oaks CA.
  • Göçen, A., Uzun, M., & Kaya, A. (2021). Examining the relationship between organizational cynicism and organizational hypocrisy in schools. OPUS International Journal of Society Researchers, 18(44), 8001-8024. https://doi.org/10.26466//opus.906933
  • Guo, Y., Zhu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2020). Inclusive leadership, leader identification and employee voice behavior: The moderating role of power distance. Current Psychology, 41, 1301-1310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00647-x
  • Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long range planning, 46(1-2), 1-12. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2233795
  • Hallinger, P., Liu, S., & Piyaman, P. (2017). Does principal leadership make a difference in teacher professional learning? A comparative study China and Thailand. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 49(3), 341-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2017.1407237
  • Handford, V., & Leithwood, K. (2013). Why teachers trust school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration. 51(2), 194-212. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231311304706
  • Hitt, D. H., & Tucker, P. D. (2016). Systematic review of key leader practices found to influence student achievement: A unified framework. Review of educational research, 86(2), 531-569. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315614911
  • Hollander, E. P. (2008). Inclusive leadership: The essential leader-follower relationship. Routledge/Psychology Press.
  • Hoppey, D., & McLeskey, J. (2013). A case study of principal leadership in an effective inclusive school. The Journal of Special Education, 46(4), 245-256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466910390507
  • Hoy, W. K., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (1999). Five faces of trust: An empirical confirmation in urban elementary schools. Journal of School leadership, 9(3), 184-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268469900900301
  • Hoy, W. K., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (2003). The conceptualization and measurement of faculty trust in schools: The Omnibus T-Scale. In W. K. Hoy & C. G. Miskel (Eds.), Studies in leading and organizing schools (pp. 181-208). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Iltis, A. S. (2005). Value based decision making: Organizational Mission and Integrity. H E C Forum, 17(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-005-4947-3
  • Jiang, J., Ding, W., Wang, R., & Li, S. (2020). Inclusive leadership and employees’ voice behavior: A moderated mediation model. Current Psychology, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01139-8
  • Karacabey, M. F., Bellibaş, M. Ş., & Adams, D. (2022). Principal leadership and teacher professional learning in Turkish schools: examining the mediating effects of collective teacher efficacy and teacher trust. Educational Studies, 48(2), 253-272, https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1749835
  • Khan, J., Jaafar, M., Javed, B., Mubarak, N., & Saudagar, T. (2020). Does inclusive leadership affect project success? The mediating role of perceived psychological empowerment and psychological safety. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 13(5), 1077-1096. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-10-2019-0267
  • Kılıçoğlu, G. (2017a). Organizational hypocrisy and integrity in Turkish contexk: a theoretical analysis. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 23(3), 465-504. https://doi.org/10.14527/kuey.2017.016
  • Kılıçoğlu, G. (2017b). Consistency or discrepancy? Rethinking schools from organizational hypocrisy to integrity. Management in Education, 31(3), 118-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020617715268
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., Kılıçoğlu, D.Y., & Hammersley-Fletcher, L. (2019). Leading Turkish schools: A study of the causes and consequences of organisational hypocrisy. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(4), 745-761. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218822778
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., Kılıçoğlu, D.Y., & Karadağ, E. (2017). Do schools fail to "walk their talk"? Development and validation of a scale measuring organizational hypocrisy. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1-31. https://doi.org/101080/1570076320171371762
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., & Yılmaz Kılıçoğlu, D. (2019). Understanding organizational hypocrisy in schools: The relationships between organizational legitimacy, ethical leadership, organizational hypocrisy and work-related outcomes. International Journal of Leadership in Education, https://doi.org/101080/1360312420191623924
  • Kılınç, A. Ç., Polatcan, M., Savaş, G., & Er, E. (2022). How transformational leadership influences teachers’ commitment and innovative practices: Understanding the moderating role of trust in principal. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 17411432221082803. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221082803
  • Kline, R.B. (2011). Methodology in the social sciences: Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Bünyamin Ağalday 0000-0003-0128-5055

Publication Date September 1, 2022
Acceptance Date May 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Ağalday, B. (2022). Examining the Effect of Principals’ Inclusive Leadership Practices on Organizational Hypocrisy through the Mediating Role of Trust in Principal. Participatory Educational Research, 9(5), 204-221. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.111.9.5