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Visa Politics under JDP Rule with Respect to EU Visa Policies

Year 2013, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 33 - 61, 01.10.2013

Abstract

This paper analyses changes occurring in visa politics during the rule of the JDP government with respect to EU visa policies. The author takes note of the positive steps taken since 2002, while also drawing attention to existing shortcomings. While Turkish nationals would like to enjoy visa-free travel rights despite stalling accession negotiations, some member states’ strong resistance has spurred resentment among the Turkish public. The JDP government’s resort to confrontational discourse with the EU and pragmatic moves towards a liberal visa policy with countries on the EU’s blacklist signals a drift away from the EU’s agenda. Turkey’s fragmented passport regime also raises concerns. Visa policy has immense potential for the resolution of the current deadlock as well as calling into question the credibility of EU’s policy of conditionality. While providing a thorough analysis relying on policy developments and empirical research, this paper will offer recommendations to policymakers for future prospects

References

  • Frank Schimmelfenning and Ulrich Sedelmeier, “Introduction: Conceptualizing the Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe”, in Frank Schimmelfenning and Ulrich Sedelmeier (eds.), The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press. 2005, p.12. 9 Ibid.
  • Sedelmeier, “Europeanisation in New Member and Candidate States”.
  • Schimmelfenning and Sedelmeier, “Introduction”, p.12.
  • Sedelmeier, “Europeanisation in New Member and Candidate States”.
  • Schimmelfenning and Sedelmeier,“Introduction”, p. 10-13.
  • Eric Neumayer, “Unequal Access to Foreign Spaces: How States use Visa Restrictions to Regulate Mobility in a Globalized World”, at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/715/1/Transactions_ of_the_BIG(FINAL).pdf [last visited 23 June 2013]. 15 Ibid. 16 Ibid.
  • Florian Trauner and Imke Kruse, “EC Visa Facilitation and Readmission Agreements: Implementing a New EU Security Approach in the Neighbourhood”, CEPS Working Document, No. 290 (April 2008), p. 6.
  • Didier Bigo and Elspeth Guild, Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement Into and Within Europe , England, Ashgate Publishing, 2005, p.1.
  • Trauner and Kruse, “EC Visa Facilitation and Readmission Agreements”, p.28.
  • Zeynep Özler and Ilke Toygur, “Visa-Free Travel: Is It Working as an EU Foreign Policy Tool?”, at http://www.fride.org/publication/901/visa-free-travel:-is-it-working-as-an-eu- foreign-policy-tool [last visited 16 July 2012].
  • Commission, “Communication from the Commission to the Council and
  • the European Parliament - Recommendation of the European Commission on Turkey’s
  • Progress Towards Accession”, at http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/candidate-countries/
  • turkey/key_documents_en.htm [last visited October 2011].
  • “UN report Highlights Economic Development”, Setimes, at http://www.setimes.com/ cocoon/setimes/xhtml/sr_Cyrl/features/setimes/features/2013/04/01/feature-05 [last visited 6 May 13].
  • Frontex, “Annual Risk Analysis 2012”, at http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/Attachment_ Featured/Annual_Risk_Analysis_2012.pdf. [last visited February 2013].
  • “At the Margins of Europe: The Externalisation of Migration Controls”, at http://www. migreurop.org/article2049.html [last visited December 2012]. 26 Ibid.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry for EU Affairs, “26th Reform Monitoring Group Press Release”, at http://www.abgs.gov.tr/files/haberler/2012/26__rig_basin_bildirisi.pdf [last visited 8 June 2013].
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Press Release Regarding the Signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation with FRONTEX,”, at http:// www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-148_-28-may-2012_-press-release-regarding-the-signing-of-the- memorandum-of-understanding-on-cooperation-with-frontex.en.mfa [last visited 18 August 2013].
  • Jean-Pierre Cassarino, “Informalising Readmission Agreements in the EU Neighbourhood”, International Spectator, Vol. 42, No. 2 (June 2007), p.183.
  • Trauner and Kruse, EC Visa Facilitation and Readmission Agreements, p. 28 31 Ibid., p. 31.
  • European Commission, “Communication of the European Commission to the European Parliament and the Council- Evaluation of EU Readmission Agreements”, p.1, at http:// eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0076:FIN:EN:PDF, [last visited 18 September 2013].
  • Imke Kruse, “EU Readmission Policy and its Effects on Transit Countries- The Case of Albania”, European Journal of Migration and Law, Vol.8, No.2 (2006), p.117.
  • European Commission, “Communication of the European Commission to the European Parliament and the Council”, p.8. 35 Ibid.
  • European Council, “Council Conclusions on EU-Turkey Readmission Agreement and Related Issues, Justice and Home Affairs Council Meeting”, at http://www.consilium. europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/en/jha/119501.pdf [last visited 25 June 2013].
  • European Citizen Action Service, “Does It Really Matter? Visa Facilitation in the Western Balkans: Monitoring of the New Agreements”, at http://www.ecas-citizens.eu/content/ view/138/146/. [last visited 25 April 2012].
  • Author’s interview with consulate officials working in the visa section.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Information about Passports”, at www. mfa.gov.tr [last visited 5 August 2013].
  • Jean-Pierre Cassarino, “Informalising Readmission Agreements in the EU Neighbourhood”, pp. 179-196.
  • Kemal Kirişci, “The Question of Asylum and Illegal Migration in European Union-Turkish Relations”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1 (2003), pp. 79-106.
  • Kemal Kirişci, “Comparing the Neighborhood Policies of Turkey and the EU in the Mediterranean”, in Meliha Benli Altunışık, Kemal Kirişci and Nathalie Tocci (eds.), Turkey: Reluctant Mediterranean Power-Mediterranean Paper Series, GMF- IAI, February 2011. 43 Ibid.
  • European Commission, “Turkey 2011 Progress Report”.
  • Valentina Pop, “Turkey to EU: No Visa-Free, No Clampdown on Migrants”, EUobserver, at http://euobserver.com/15/31708 [last visited 27 June 2013].
  • “Syrian Refugees Flock to Europe’s Doorstep”, at http://www.euractiv.com/global-europe/ syrian-refugees-flock-europe-doo-news-530065 [last visited 2 September 2013].
  • Gerald Knaus and Kerem Öktem, “The Future of European Turkey”, EUobserver, at http:// euobserver.com/opinion/120523 [last visited 18 June 2013].
  • “Turkish PM Erdoğan and EU Commissioner Füle in Crossfire Over Gezi Park Protests”, Hurriyet Daily News, at http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-pm-erdogan-and-eu- commissioner-fule-in-crossfire-over-gezi-park-protests.aspx?pageID=238&nid=48441. [last visited 7 June 2013].
  • “Cutting the Visa Knot. How Turks can Travel Freely to Europe”, European Stability Initiative, at http://www.esiweb.org/index.php?lang=en&id=156&document_ID=139. [last visited 21 May 2013].
Year 2013, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 33 - 61, 01.10.2013

Abstract

References

  • Frank Schimmelfenning and Ulrich Sedelmeier, “Introduction: Conceptualizing the Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe”, in Frank Schimmelfenning and Ulrich Sedelmeier (eds.), The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press. 2005, p.12. 9 Ibid.
  • Sedelmeier, “Europeanisation in New Member and Candidate States”.
  • Schimmelfenning and Sedelmeier, “Introduction”, p.12.
  • Sedelmeier, “Europeanisation in New Member and Candidate States”.
  • Schimmelfenning and Sedelmeier,“Introduction”, p. 10-13.
  • Eric Neumayer, “Unequal Access to Foreign Spaces: How States use Visa Restrictions to Regulate Mobility in a Globalized World”, at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/715/1/Transactions_ of_the_BIG(FINAL).pdf [last visited 23 June 2013]. 15 Ibid. 16 Ibid.
  • Florian Trauner and Imke Kruse, “EC Visa Facilitation and Readmission Agreements: Implementing a New EU Security Approach in the Neighbourhood”, CEPS Working Document, No. 290 (April 2008), p. 6.
  • Didier Bigo and Elspeth Guild, Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement Into and Within Europe , England, Ashgate Publishing, 2005, p.1.
  • Trauner and Kruse, “EC Visa Facilitation and Readmission Agreements”, p.28.
  • Zeynep Özler and Ilke Toygur, “Visa-Free Travel: Is It Working as an EU Foreign Policy Tool?”, at http://www.fride.org/publication/901/visa-free-travel:-is-it-working-as-an-eu- foreign-policy-tool [last visited 16 July 2012].
  • Commission, “Communication from the Commission to the Council and
  • the European Parliament - Recommendation of the European Commission on Turkey’s
  • Progress Towards Accession”, at http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/candidate-countries/
  • turkey/key_documents_en.htm [last visited October 2011].
  • “UN report Highlights Economic Development”, Setimes, at http://www.setimes.com/ cocoon/setimes/xhtml/sr_Cyrl/features/setimes/features/2013/04/01/feature-05 [last visited 6 May 13].
  • Frontex, “Annual Risk Analysis 2012”, at http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/Attachment_ Featured/Annual_Risk_Analysis_2012.pdf. [last visited February 2013].
  • “At the Margins of Europe: The Externalisation of Migration Controls”, at http://www. migreurop.org/article2049.html [last visited December 2012]. 26 Ibid.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry for EU Affairs, “26th Reform Monitoring Group Press Release”, at http://www.abgs.gov.tr/files/haberler/2012/26__rig_basin_bildirisi.pdf [last visited 8 June 2013].
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Press Release Regarding the Signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation with FRONTEX,”, at http:// www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-148_-28-may-2012_-press-release-regarding-the-signing-of-the- memorandum-of-understanding-on-cooperation-with-frontex.en.mfa [last visited 18 August 2013].
  • Jean-Pierre Cassarino, “Informalising Readmission Agreements in the EU Neighbourhood”, International Spectator, Vol. 42, No. 2 (June 2007), p.183.
  • Trauner and Kruse, EC Visa Facilitation and Readmission Agreements, p. 28 31 Ibid., p. 31.
  • European Commission, “Communication of the European Commission to the European Parliament and the Council- Evaluation of EU Readmission Agreements”, p.1, at http:// eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0076:FIN:EN:PDF, [last visited 18 September 2013].
  • Imke Kruse, “EU Readmission Policy and its Effects on Transit Countries- The Case of Albania”, European Journal of Migration and Law, Vol.8, No.2 (2006), p.117.
  • European Commission, “Communication of the European Commission to the European Parliament and the Council”, p.8. 35 Ibid.
  • European Council, “Council Conclusions on EU-Turkey Readmission Agreement and Related Issues, Justice and Home Affairs Council Meeting”, at http://www.consilium. europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/en/jha/119501.pdf [last visited 25 June 2013].
  • European Citizen Action Service, “Does It Really Matter? Visa Facilitation in the Western Balkans: Monitoring of the New Agreements”, at http://www.ecas-citizens.eu/content/ view/138/146/. [last visited 25 April 2012].
  • Author’s interview with consulate officials working in the visa section.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Information about Passports”, at www. mfa.gov.tr [last visited 5 August 2013].
  • Jean-Pierre Cassarino, “Informalising Readmission Agreements in the EU Neighbourhood”, pp. 179-196.
  • Kemal Kirişci, “The Question of Asylum and Illegal Migration in European Union-Turkish Relations”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1 (2003), pp. 79-106.
  • Kemal Kirişci, “Comparing the Neighborhood Policies of Turkey and the EU in the Mediterranean”, in Meliha Benli Altunışık, Kemal Kirişci and Nathalie Tocci (eds.), Turkey: Reluctant Mediterranean Power-Mediterranean Paper Series, GMF- IAI, February 2011. 43 Ibid.
  • European Commission, “Turkey 2011 Progress Report”.
  • Valentina Pop, “Turkey to EU: No Visa-Free, No Clampdown on Migrants”, EUobserver, at http://euobserver.com/15/31708 [last visited 27 June 2013].
  • “Syrian Refugees Flock to Europe’s Doorstep”, at http://www.euractiv.com/global-europe/ syrian-refugees-flock-europe-doo-news-530065 [last visited 2 September 2013].
  • Gerald Knaus and Kerem Öktem, “The Future of European Turkey”, EUobserver, at http:// euobserver.com/opinion/120523 [last visited 18 June 2013].
  • “Turkish PM Erdoğan and EU Commissioner Füle in Crossfire Over Gezi Park Protests”, Hurriyet Daily News, at http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-pm-erdogan-and-eu- commissioner-fule-in-crossfire-over-gezi-park-protests.aspx?pageID=238&nid=48441. [last visited 7 June 2013].
  • “Cutting the Visa Knot. How Turks can Travel Freely to Europe”, European Stability Initiative, at http://www.esiweb.org/index.php?lang=en&id=156&document_ID=139. [last visited 21 May 2013].
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeynep Özler This is me

Publication Date October 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Özler, Z. (2013). Visa Politics under JDP Rule with Respect to EU Visa Policies. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 18(3), 33-61.
AMA Özler Z. Visa Politics under JDP Rule with Respect to EU Visa Policies. PERCEPTIONS. October 2013;18(3):33-61.
Chicago Özler, Zeynep. “Visa Politics under JDP Rule With Respect to EU Visa Policies”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 18, no. 3 (October 2013): 33-61.
EndNote Özler Z (October 1, 2013) Visa Politics under JDP Rule with Respect to EU Visa Policies. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 18 3 33–61.
IEEE Z. Özler, “Visa Politics under JDP Rule with Respect to EU Visa Policies”, PERCEPTIONS, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 33–61, 2013.
ISNAD Özler, Zeynep. “Visa Politics under JDP Rule With Respect to EU Visa Policies”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 18/3 (October 2013), 33-61.
JAMA Özler Z. Visa Politics under JDP Rule with Respect to EU Visa Policies. PERCEPTIONS. 2013;18:33–61.
MLA Özler, Zeynep. “Visa Politics under JDP Rule With Respect to EU Visa Policies”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, vol. 18, no. 3, 2013, pp. 33-61.
Vancouver Özler Z. Visa Politics under JDP Rule with Respect to EU Visa Policies. PERCEPTIONS. 2013;18(3):33-61.