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US Foreign Policy towards Northeast Asia

Year 2012, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 3 - 26, 01.01.2012

Abstract

Since the mid-19th century, the US has been a Pacific power. Through three wars and the Cold War, America became a major regional player. Modern Japanese-American relations were shaped by the Cold War, and a strong political-military alliance served the geopolitical needs of both countries. As Japan’s economy matured and its politics transformed in the 1990s, Tokyo sought greater political independence, and used an upgrading of the alliance as part of its effort to achieve the more “normal” status as a great power. US relations with South Korea have been driven by a shared perception of threat from North Korea. Since the Cold War, the nature of this threat has shifted from immediate concern about conflict to danger from an essentially failed state. SinoAmerican relations centre on the interaction of two great powers. China’s quasi-alliance with the US and market-oriented reforms meant that the relationship in the 1980s centred on reintegration of China into the global political economy. Since the mid-1990s, China’s “rise” has led to increased tensions, especially in strategic and economic issue areas. America’s close but unofficial relationship with Taiwan remains an irritant to overall ChineseAmerican ties

References

  • Stephen M. Walt, “Explaining Obama’s Asia Policy”, Foreign Policy, at http://walt. foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/11/18/explaining_obamas_asia_policy [last visited 14 December 2012].
  • The White House Office of the Press Secretary, “Opening Remarks by President Obama at APEC Session One”, at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/11/13/opening- remarks-president-obama-apec-session-one [last visited 20 March 2013].
  • Steve Jones, “Obama’s November 2011 Asia-Pacific Trip: President Unveils Policy Shift toward Pacific Region”, About.com Guide, at http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/ alliesenemies/a/Obamas-November-2011-Asia-Pacific-Trip.htm [last visited 14 November 2012].
  • Michael Cox and Doug Stokes, US Foreign Policy, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 277. 5 Ibid.
  • Arpita Mathur, “Japan’s Changing Role in the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance”, Strategic Analysis, Vol. 28, No. 4 (October 2004), pp. 504-506.
  • Cox and Stokes, US Foreign Policy, p. 278.
  • Mathur, “Japan’s Changing Role in the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance”, pp. 504-506.
  • Yoshihide Soeya, “Redefining Japan’s Security Profile: International Security, Human Security, and an East Asian Community”, Institute for International Policy Studies, at http:// www.iips.org/04sec/04asiasec_soeya.pdf [last visited 18 February 2013].
  • Mathur, “Japan’s Changing Role in the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance”, pp. 506-507.
  • Heigo Sato, “Japan-U.S. Security Relations under the Koizumi Administration: Implications for Bush’s Second Term”, at http://www.nids.go.jp/english/event/symposium/pdf/2004/ e2004_09.pdf [last visited 12 February 2013].
  • Mathur, “Japan’s Changing Role in the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance”, p. 509.
  • Ibid., pp. 513-514.
  • Emma Chanlett-Avery, “The U.S.-Japan Alliance”, Congressional Research Service Report, 18 January 2011, pp. 11-13.
  • Ibid., pp. 14-15.
  • Colette Beukman, “The Abe-Obama Presidential Meeting”, The Journal of Turkish Weekly, 23 February 2013.
  • William L. Brooks, “The Politics of the Futenma Base Issue in Okinawa: Relocation Negotiations in 1995-1994, 2005-2006”, Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, 2010, pp. 4-10.
  • Vivian Wong, “The DPJ Effect: Implications of Leadership Changes in Japan on the Management of the U.S.-Japan Alliance”, The United States and Japan in Global Context: 2010, The Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, 2010, pp. 10-13.
  • Gerald Curtis, “Future Directions in US-Japan Relations”, JCIE New Shimoda Conference, Tokyo, February 2011, pp. 2-5.
  • Justin Logan, “Asia’s Free-Riders”, Foreign Policy, at http://www.foreignpolicy.com/ articles/2011/11/09/asias_free_riders?page=0,1 [last visited 14 December 2012].
  • William H. Cooper, “U.S.-Japan Economic Relations: Significance, Prospects, and Policy Options”, Congressional Research Service Report, 14 February 2012, pp. 6-15.
  • Andreas Henneka, “Reflections on Korean History and its Impact on the U.S.-North Korean Conflict”, Journal of Science and World Affairs, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2006), pp. 19-27.
  • Albert Chang, “The North Korean Nuclear Crisis: Addressing the Problem with Carrots and Sticks”, Policy Background and Options Paper 1.04, Nathan Hale Institute Asia Program, March 2004, p. 2.
  • Jeffrey Schott, “Prospects for Implementing the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement”, Policy Brief, Peterson Institute for International Economics, October, 2010, pp. 1-4; US Trade Representative Office, “U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement”, at www.ustr.gov/trade- agreements/free-trade-agreements/korus-fta [last visited 21 February 2013].
  • International Crisis Group, “South Korea: The Shifting Sands of Security Policy”, Asia Briefing No. 130, Seoul/Brussels, 1 December 2011, pp. 6-8.
  • Scott Snyder, Charles L. Pritchard and John H. Tilelli Jr., “U.S. Policy Toward the Korean Peninsula”, Council on Foreign Relations, Independent Task Force Report No. 64, 2010, pp. ix-x, 3-4.
  • Joel S. Wit, Andrew Hood, Jeffrey Lewis, Scott Pace and Leon Sigal, “Missile Negotiations with North Korea: A Strategy for the Future”, US-Korea Institute at SAIS- Report, Johns Hopkins University, October 2011, pp. 3-5.
  • Chang, “The North Korean Nuclear Crisis”, p. 16.
  • Cox and Stokes, US Foreign Policy, p. 280.
  • Ibid., pp. 280-281.
  • Aaron L. Friedberg, “The Future of U.S.-China Relations: Is Conflict Inevitable?”, International Security, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Fall 2005), pp. 7-8.
  • “U.S. Foreign Policy Turns Toward Asia”, The Washington Post, 16 November 2011.
  • Jin Canrong, “Reason for Optimism in Sino-American Relations”, East Asia Forum, at http:// www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/02/14/reason-for-optimism-in-sino-american-relations/ [last visited 13 March 2012].
  • Bates Gill, Rising Star: China’s New Security Diplomacy, Washington, Brookings Institution, 2007, pp. 1-21.
  • Chen Zhimin, “Nationalism, Internationalism and Chinese Foreign Policy”, Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 14, No. 42 (February 2005), pp. 46-48.
  • Zheng Bijian, “China’s Peaceful Rise to Great-Power Status”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 5 (September/October 2005), pp. 22-24.
  • Kerry Dumbaugh, “China’s Foreign Policy: What Does It Mean for U.S. Global Interests?”, Congressional Research Service Report, 18 July 2008, pp. 12-16.
  • Tianjin Shi and Meredith Wen, “Avoiding Mutual Misunderstanding: Sino-U.S. Relations and the New Administration”, Carnegie Endowment Policy Brief, January 2009, pp. 2-3.
  • Jin, “Reason for Optimism in Sino-American Relations”, p. 3.
  • Carlyle A. Thayer, “US Arms Sales to Taiwan: Impact on Sino-American Relations”, China- US Focus, at http://chinausfocus.com/slider/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-impact-on-sino- american-relations/ [last visited 13 March 2012].
  • Shirley A. Kan and Wayne M. Morrison, “U.S.-Taiwan Relationship: Overview of Policy Issues”, Congressional Research Service Report, 4 August 2011, pp. 9-14.
  • Dan Twining, “Burma’s Opening and the Balance of Values in Asia”, Foreign Policy, at http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/12/02/burmas_opening_and_the_balance_ of_values_in_asia [last visited 14 December 2012].
  • “U.S. Pivot Toward Asia Unlikely to Have Quick Impact on Korea”, The Korea Herald, 12 December 2011.
  • “U.S. Foreign Policy Turns toward Asia”, p. 1.
  • Hillary Clinton, “America’s Pacific Century”, Foreign Policy, at http://www.foreignpolicy. com/articles/2011/10/11/americas_pacific_century?page=0,6 [Last visited 14 December 2012].
  • Stephen M. Walt, “Explaining Obama’s Asia Policy”.
  • Martin S. Indyk, Kenneth G. Lieberthal and Michael E. O’Hanlon, “Obama’s Foreign Policy: Progressive Pragmatist”, at http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2012/0309_obama_ foreign_policy.aspx [last visited 11 March 2012].
  • Logan, “Asia’s Free-Riders”, pp. 1-2.
  • John T. Bennett, “US Foreign Policy to Refocus on Asia”, The Hill, at http://thehill.com/ news-by-subject/defense-homeland-security/185341-us-foreign-policy-to-refocus-on-asia [last visited 14 February 2013].
  • Cox and Stokes, US Foreign Policy, p. 287.
Year 2012, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 3 - 26, 01.01.2012

Abstract

References

  • Stephen M. Walt, “Explaining Obama’s Asia Policy”, Foreign Policy, at http://walt. foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/11/18/explaining_obamas_asia_policy [last visited 14 December 2012].
  • The White House Office of the Press Secretary, “Opening Remarks by President Obama at APEC Session One”, at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/11/13/opening- remarks-president-obama-apec-session-one [last visited 20 March 2013].
  • Steve Jones, “Obama’s November 2011 Asia-Pacific Trip: President Unveils Policy Shift toward Pacific Region”, About.com Guide, at http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/ alliesenemies/a/Obamas-November-2011-Asia-Pacific-Trip.htm [last visited 14 November 2012].
  • Michael Cox and Doug Stokes, US Foreign Policy, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 277. 5 Ibid.
  • Arpita Mathur, “Japan’s Changing Role in the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance”, Strategic Analysis, Vol. 28, No. 4 (October 2004), pp. 504-506.
  • Cox and Stokes, US Foreign Policy, p. 278.
  • Mathur, “Japan’s Changing Role in the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance”, pp. 504-506.
  • Yoshihide Soeya, “Redefining Japan’s Security Profile: International Security, Human Security, and an East Asian Community”, Institute for International Policy Studies, at http:// www.iips.org/04sec/04asiasec_soeya.pdf [last visited 18 February 2013].
  • Mathur, “Japan’s Changing Role in the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance”, pp. 506-507.
  • Heigo Sato, “Japan-U.S. Security Relations under the Koizumi Administration: Implications for Bush’s Second Term”, at http://www.nids.go.jp/english/event/symposium/pdf/2004/ e2004_09.pdf [last visited 12 February 2013].
  • Mathur, “Japan’s Changing Role in the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance”, p. 509.
  • Ibid., pp. 513-514.
  • Emma Chanlett-Avery, “The U.S.-Japan Alliance”, Congressional Research Service Report, 18 January 2011, pp. 11-13.
  • Ibid., pp. 14-15.
  • Colette Beukman, “The Abe-Obama Presidential Meeting”, The Journal of Turkish Weekly, 23 February 2013.
  • William L. Brooks, “The Politics of the Futenma Base Issue in Okinawa: Relocation Negotiations in 1995-1994, 2005-2006”, Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, 2010, pp. 4-10.
  • Vivian Wong, “The DPJ Effect: Implications of Leadership Changes in Japan on the Management of the U.S.-Japan Alliance”, The United States and Japan in Global Context: 2010, The Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, 2010, pp. 10-13.
  • Gerald Curtis, “Future Directions in US-Japan Relations”, JCIE New Shimoda Conference, Tokyo, February 2011, pp. 2-5.
  • Justin Logan, “Asia’s Free-Riders”, Foreign Policy, at http://www.foreignpolicy.com/ articles/2011/11/09/asias_free_riders?page=0,1 [last visited 14 December 2012].
  • William H. Cooper, “U.S.-Japan Economic Relations: Significance, Prospects, and Policy Options”, Congressional Research Service Report, 14 February 2012, pp. 6-15.
  • Andreas Henneka, “Reflections on Korean History and its Impact on the U.S.-North Korean Conflict”, Journal of Science and World Affairs, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2006), pp. 19-27.
  • Albert Chang, “The North Korean Nuclear Crisis: Addressing the Problem with Carrots and Sticks”, Policy Background and Options Paper 1.04, Nathan Hale Institute Asia Program, March 2004, p. 2.
  • Jeffrey Schott, “Prospects for Implementing the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement”, Policy Brief, Peterson Institute for International Economics, October, 2010, pp. 1-4; US Trade Representative Office, “U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement”, at www.ustr.gov/trade- agreements/free-trade-agreements/korus-fta [last visited 21 February 2013].
  • International Crisis Group, “South Korea: The Shifting Sands of Security Policy”, Asia Briefing No. 130, Seoul/Brussels, 1 December 2011, pp. 6-8.
  • Scott Snyder, Charles L. Pritchard and John H. Tilelli Jr., “U.S. Policy Toward the Korean Peninsula”, Council on Foreign Relations, Independent Task Force Report No. 64, 2010, pp. ix-x, 3-4.
  • Joel S. Wit, Andrew Hood, Jeffrey Lewis, Scott Pace and Leon Sigal, “Missile Negotiations with North Korea: A Strategy for the Future”, US-Korea Institute at SAIS- Report, Johns Hopkins University, October 2011, pp. 3-5.
  • Chang, “The North Korean Nuclear Crisis”, p. 16.
  • Cox and Stokes, US Foreign Policy, p. 280.
  • Ibid., pp. 280-281.
  • Aaron L. Friedberg, “The Future of U.S.-China Relations: Is Conflict Inevitable?”, International Security, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Fall 2005), pp. 7-8.
  • “U.S. Foreign Policy Turns Toward Asia”, The Washington Post, 16 November 2011.
  • Jin Canrong, “Reason for Optimism in Sino-American Relations”, East Asia Forum, at http:// www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/02/14/reason-for-optimism-in-sino-american-relations/ [last visited 13 March 2012].
  • Bates Gill, Rising Star: China’s New Security Diplomacy, Washington, Brookings Institution, 2007, pp. 1-21.
  • Chen Zhimin, “Nationalism, Internationalism and Chinese Foreign Policy”, Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 14, No. 42 (February 2005), pp. 46-48.
  • Zheng Bijian, “China’s Peaceful Rise to Great-Power Status”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 5 (September/October 2005), pp. 22-24.
  • Kerry Dumbaugh, “China’s Foreign Policy: What Does It Mean for U.S. Global Interests?”, Congressional Research Service Report, 18 July 2008, pp. 12-16.
  • Tianjin Shi and Meredith Wen, “Avoiding Mutual Misunderstanding: Sino-U.S. Relations and the New Administration”, Carnegie Endowment Policy Brief, January 2009, pp. 2-3.
  • Jin, “Reason for Optimism in Sino-American Relations”, p. 3.
  • Carlyle A. Thayer, “US Arms Sales to Taiwan: Impact on Sino-American Relations”, China- US Focus, at http://chinausfocus.com/slider/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-impact-on-sino- american-relations/ [last visited 13 March 2012].
  • Shirley A. Kan and Wayne M. Morrison, “U.S.-Taiwan Relationship: Overview of Policy Issues”, Congressional Research Service Report, 4 August 2011, pp. 9-14.
  • Dan Twining, “Burma’s Opening and the Balance of Values in Asia”, Foreign Policy, at http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/12/02/burmas_opening_and_the_balance_ of_values_in_asia [last visited 14 December 2012].
  • “U.S. Pivot Toward Asia Unlikely to Have Quick Impact on Korea”, The Korea Herald, 12 December 2011.
  • “U.S. Foreign Policy Turns toward Asia”, p. 1.
  • Hillary Clinton, “America’s Pacific Century”, Foreign Policy, at http://www.foreignpolicy. com/articles/2011/10/11/americas_pacific_century?page=0,6 [Last visited 14 December 2012].
  • Stephen M. Walt, “Explaining Obama’s Asia Policy”.
  • Martin S. Indyk, Kenneth G. Lieberthal and Michael E. O’Hanlon, “Obama’s Foreign Policy: Progressive Pragmatist”, at http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2012/0309_obama_ foreign_policy.aspx [last visited 11 March 2012].
  • Logan, “Asia’s Free-Riders”, pp. 1-2.
  • John T. Bennett, “US Foreign Policy to Refocus on Asia”, The Hill, at http://thehill.com/ news-by-subject/defense-homeland-security/185341-us-foreign-policy-to-refocus-on-asia [last visited 14 February 2013].
  • Cox and Stokes, US Foreign Policy, p. 287.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Joel R Campbell This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 17 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Campbell, J. R. (2012). US Foreign Policy towards Northeast Asia. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 17(4), 3-26.
AMA Campbell JR. US Foreign Policy towards Northeast Asia. PERCEPTIONS. January 2012;17(4):3-26.
Chicago Campbell, Joel R. “US Foreign Policy towards Northeast Asia”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 17, no. 4 (January 2012): 3-26.
EndNote Campbell JR (January 1, 2012) US Foreign Policy towards Northeast Asia. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 17 4 3–26.
IEEE J. R. Campbell, “US Foreign Policy towards Northeast Asia”, PERCEPTIONS, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 3–26, 2012.
ISNAD Campbell, Joel R. “US Foreign Policy towards Northeast Asia”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 17/4 (January 2012), 3-26.
JAMA Campbell JR. US Foreign Policy towards Northeast Asia. PERCEPTIONS. 2012;17:3–26.
MLA Campbell, Joel R. “US Foreign Policy towards Northeast Asia”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, vol. 17, no. 4, 2012, pp. 3-26.
Vancouver Campbell JR. US Foreign Policy towards Northeast Asia. PERCEPTIONS. 2012;17(4):3-26.