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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Polisphere: Global Social Policy Perspectives</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Nisantasi University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Social Policy (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Sosyal Politika (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>YUMUŞAK GÜÇ ARACI OLARAK KONFERANS DİPLOMASİSİ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>CONFERENCE DIPLOMACY AS A MEANS OF SOFT POWER</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Güney Balcı</surname>
                                    <given-names>Eda</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL MEDENİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİM ENSTİTÜSÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260415">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>15</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>1</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>21</fpage>
                                        <lpage>33</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251012">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251124">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                        
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Toplumların birbirleriyle ilk iletişim kurmaya başladığı, yazının icadından bile önceki dönemlerde ortaya çıktığı düşünülen diplomasi kavramı zaman içerisinde gelişmiş ve değişime uğramıştır. Günümüzdeki anlamıyla 18. Yüzyılda kullanılmaya başlandığı kabul gören diplomasideki en büyük değişimlerden biri şüphesiz iki toplum ya da iki devlet arasında yürütülen bir faaliyetken çok uluslu, çok taraflı sorunlar ve savaşlarla birlikte diplomasinin de çok taraflı hale gelmiş olmasıdır. İlk örnekleri bulunmakla birlikte tarihte çok taraflı diplomasinin konferans diplomasisi şeklinde bir norma dönüştüğü dönüm noktasını 1815 Viyana Kongresi olduğu değerlendirilmektedir. Viyana Kongresi’nde kurulan düzenin korunabilmesini teminen konferanslar elzem birer diplomatik araca dönüşmüş ve büyük güçler arasında bir gelenek haline gelmiştir. 20. yüzyılda Milletler Cemiyeti’nin kurulmasıyla konferans diplomasisi farklı bir boyut kazanmıştır. İlk ortaya çıktığı dönemlerde savaşları bitiren ve düzen oluşturmaya yarayan konferans diplomasisi Joseph Nye’ın ortaya koyduğu ayırımla “sert gücün” bir uzantısıyken, özellikle 2000’li yıllarda ortaya çıkan yeni tür çok taraflı konferansların aynı zamanda bir yumuşak güç ve kamu diplomasisi aracı olduğu da görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak diplomasinin ilk ortaya çıkışı ve gelişimi ele alınacak, ardından bir diplomasi türü olarak konferans diplomasisi örneklendirilerek açıklanacak ve 2000’li yıllardaki konferanslarla, konferans diplomasisinin nasıl sert güç aracı olmaktan yumuşak gücün ve kamu diplomasisinin uygulanmasını da sağlayan bir araca dönüştüğü ortaya koyulacaktır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>It is generally believed that the concept of diplomacy has emerged even before the invention of writing and during the period when societies first began to establish communication and evolved and transformed since then. It is accepted that diplomacy, by it current meaning began to be used in the 18th century. One of the most significant changes in diplomacy is its transition from an activity predominantly between two societies or states to a multilateral form, particularly with the advent of multilateral issues and warfare. Although one can give primarily examples, the 1815 Congress of Vienna is considered the turning point in history when multilateral diplomacy, in the form of conference diplomacy, became institutionalized. The necessity to maintain the order established during the Congress of Vienna made conferences an essential diplomatic tool, which later became a tradition among the great powers. During 20th century, conference diplomacy gaining a new dimension with the establishment of the League of Nations. At first, conference diplomacy was seen as an extension of “hard power,” a concept created by Joseph Nye, which primarily aims to end wars and maintain order. However, in the 2000s, a new form of multilateral conferences emerged that also functioned as a tool of “soft power” and public diplomacy. This study first discusses the origins and transformation of diplomacy, then demonstrates conference diplomacy as a specific form, and finally demonstrates how, in the 2000s, conference diplomacy transitioned from a hard power instrument to a means of soft power and public diplomacy.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Diplomasi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  konferans diplomasisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  set güç ve yumuşak güç</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  kamu diplomasisi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Diplomacy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  conference diplomacy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  hard power and soft power</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  public diplomacy</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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