Fotovoltaik Sistemlerde Maksimum Güç Noktası Takibinde Kullanılan Algoritmaların Kısmi Gölgeleme Koşulları Altında Karşılaştırılması

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 853 - 865, 01.09.2021

Zeynep Gümüş Mehmet Demirtaş

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.725255

Cited By: 11

Abstract

Fotovoltaik (FV) sistemlerde verimliliği arttırmak için güç elektroniği dönüştürücüleri yardımıyla maksimum güç noktası takibi (MGNT) işlemi yapılmaktadır. Eşit dağılımlı ışıma koşullarında MGNT yapılırken geleneksel algoritmalardan biri olan değiştir ve gözle (D&G) algoritması oldukça verimlidir. Ancak kısmi gölgeleme koşulları meydana geldiğinde bu algoritma global maksimum güç noktasını bulamamakta ve yerel maksimum güç noktalarına takılmaktadır. Buna karşın parçacık sürü optimizasyonu (PSO) ve guguk kuşu optimizasyon (GKO) algoritması gibi doğadan esinlenen meta sezgisel algoritmalar global maksimum noktanın bulunmasında daha başarılı olmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada MATLAB/SIMULINK’de FV dizi, DA-DA yükselten dönüştürücü ve yükten oluşan bir sistem geliştirilmiştir. Bu sistem kullanılarak kısmi gölgeleme koşulları altında D&G, PSO ve GKO algoritmalarıyla MGNT işlemi gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu algoritmaların karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılmıştır. Bu algoritmalar üç farklı kısmi gölgeleme konfigürasyonu ile takip hızı ve doğruluğu açısından birbiriyle kıyaslanmıştır. Simülasyonlar sonucunda, D&G algoritması yerel bir maksimum güç noktasına yakalanırken PSO ve GKO algoritmaları global maksimum güç noktasının bulunmasında başarılı olmuştur. PSO ve GKO algoritması birbiriyle kıyaslandığında ise GKO algoritmasının PSO algoritmasından daha hızlı bir şekilde global maksimum güç noktasına ulaştığı görülmüştür.

Keywords

MGNT, kısmi gölgeleme, meta sezgisel algoritmalar

Comparison of the Algorithms Used in Maximum Power Point Tracking in Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions

Abstract

In order to increase efficiency in photovoltaic systems (PV), maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is performed with the help of power electronic converters. While MPPT is performed in uniformly distributed radiation conditions, one of the traditional algorithms, perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is very efficient. However, when partial shading conditions occur, this algorithm cannot find global maximum power points and caught to local maximum power points. In contrast, nature inspired metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and cuckoo search optimization (CSO) algorithm are more successful in finding the global maximum.
In this study, a system consisting of photovoltaic array, DC-DC boost converter and load has been developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Using this system, MPPT was performed with P&O, PSO and CSO algorithms under partial shading conditions and comparative analysis of these algorithms was performed. These algorithms were compared with three different partial shading configurations for tracking time and accuracy. As a result of the simulations, the P&O algorithm caught to a local point, while the PSO and CSO algorithms were successful in finding the global point. When PSO and GKO algorithm are compared, it is seen that CSO algorithm reaches global point faster than PSO algorithm.

Keywords

MPPT, partial shading, meta heuristic algorithms

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