BibTex RIS Cite

ERKEKLER VE KİŞİSEL BAKIM: TÜRK ERKEKLERİNİN KOZMETİK ÜRÜNLERİ TÜKETME EĞİLİMLERİYLE İLİŞKİLİ DEĞİŞKENLER

Year 2013, Volume: 6 Issue: 12, 91 - 116, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Beden bireyin benlik yaratma aracıdır. Hem öz bakım hem de sosyal iletişim başarıları açısından kadınlar kadar erkeklerin de temel bakımlarını yapmaları, güzel görünmeleri gerekir. Bununla birlikte, kozmetik tüketimi erkeklere yasaklı bir alan gibi görülebilmektedir. Ancak büyüyen erkek kozmetik pazarı, tüketicilerin bu alanda aktif rol almaya başladığını göstermektedir. Online ortamda, Türkiye’nin 75 ilinden katılımcı ile yapılan araştırmada yaşları 20-49 arasında değişen 326 Türk erkeğinin, fiziksel olarak çekici görünme istekleri, benliklerini yaratabileceklerine yönelik inançları, sağlıklı görünme istekleri, kariyerlerine verdikleri önem yükseldikçe kozmetik tüketimlerinin de yükseldiği bulunmuştur. Beklenildiği gibi kültürel algılar kozmetik tüketimini negatif etkilemekte, lakin beklenilenin aksine yaşlanma algısı Türk erkeğinin kozmetik ürün tüketme eğilimini etkilememektedir. Erkek tüketicilerin kozmetik tüketim eğilimlerini incelemeyi hedefleyen, anket formu ile toplanılan verileri SPSS 15.0 ile analiz eden ve temelde ilişki araştıran bu araştırmanın katkısı; kariyer odağı ile kozmetik tüketimini ilişkilendiren ilk çalışmalardan biri olmasıdır

References

  • Adams, G. Turner, H. ve Bucks, R. (2005). “The Experience of Body Dissatisfaction in Men” Body Image, 2(3),271-83.
  • Atkinson, M. (2008). “Exploring Male Femininity in the Crisis: Men and Cosmetic Sur- gery”, Body and Society, 14(1), 67-87.
  • Baerveldt, C. ve Voestermans, P. (1996). “The Body as a Selfing Device - The Case of Anorexia Nervosa”, Theory & Psychology, 6(4), 693–713.
  • Barker, H. (2008). “Soul, Purse and Family: Middling and Lower-class Masculinity in Eighteenth-Century Manchester” Social History, 33 (1), 12-35.
  • Bayer, K. (2005). “Cosmetic Surgery and Cosmetics: Redefining the Appearance of Age”, Generations, 29 (3), 13-18.
  • Bloch, P. H. ve Richins, M. L. (1992). “You look “mahvelous”: The pursuit of beauty and the marketing concept”. Psychology & Marketing, 9(1), 3-15.
  • Cafri, G.,Thompson, J.K.,Ricciardelli, L., McCabe, M.,Smolak, L., ve Yesalis, C. (2005). “Pursuit of the Muscular Ideal: Physical and Psychological Consequences and Putative Risk Factors”, Clinical Psychology Review,25, 215-239.
  • Catterall, M. ve Maclara P. (2001). “Body talk: Questioning the Assumptions in Cognitive Age”, Psychology & Marketing, 18(10), 1117-1133.
  • Cheng, F. S., Ooi, C. S. ve Ting, D. H. (2010). “Factors Affecting Consumption Behavior of Metrosexual Toward Male Grooming Products”, International Review of Busi- ness Research Papers, 6(1), 574-590.
  • Du Bois, N. (2011). “The Cultural Context of Male Grooming Today: Through The Loo- king Glass”. Ogilvy Cultural Strategy. İndirilme Tarihi: Aralık 2012.
  • Elsner, P. (2012). “Overview and Trends in Male Grooming”, British Journal of Dermato- logy, 166, 2-5.
  • Etcoff N. (1999). Survival of The Prettiest. New York, NY: Anchor Books.
  • Euromonitor (2011, Aralık). Anti-aging Raporları. Erişim Tarihi, Aralık 2011. web: http://www.euromonitor.com/search?txtSearch=anti+aging+2011.
  • Finn, M. (2000). “Men’s Things: Masculine Posession in the Consumer Revolution”, Social History, 25(2), 133-155.
  • Firat, F.A., Dholakia, N. ve Venkatesh, A. (1995). “Marketing in a Postmodern World”, European Journal of Marketing, 29(1), 40-56.
  • Geffken, G. (2003). “Cosmetic vs. Drug Claims”, GCI Magazine, March, 20-21.
  • Halliwell, E., ve Dittmar, H. (2003). “A Qualitative Investigation of Women's and Men's Body Image Concerns and Their Attitudes toward Aging”, Sex Roles, 49 (11-12), 675-684.
  • Harrison, C. (2008). “Real Men do Wear Mascara: Advertising, Discourse and Masculine Identity”, Critical Discourse Studies, 5 (1), 55–73.
  • Hfnekoppa J., Rudolpha O, Beierb L., Liebertb A. ve Mqller C.( 2007). “Physical Attracti- veness of Face and Body as Indicators of Physical Fitness in Men”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 106–111.
  • Humphreys, P. ve Paxton, S. J. (2004). “Impact of Exposure to Idealised Male Images on Adolescent Boys’ Body Image”, Body Image, 1, 253–266.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2006). Manhood in America, New York, NY, Oxford University Press.
  • Koscinski, K. (2011). “Hand Attractiveness-Its Determinants and Associations with Facial Attractiveness”, Behavioral Ecology.
  • McNeill L. S., ve Douglas, K. (2011). “Retailing Masculinity: Gender Expectations and Social Image of Male Grooming Products in New Zealand”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18,448–454.
  • Odabaşı, Y. ve Barış, G. (2002). Tüketici Davranışı, İstanbul, Mediacat.
  • Otnes, C. ve McGroth, M. A. (2001). “Perceptions and Realities of Male Shopping Beha- viour”, Journal of Retailing, 77,111-137.
  • Roberts S. C., Little, A. C., Lyndon, A., Roberts, J., Havlicek J. ve Wright, R. L. (2009). “Manipulation of Body Odour Alters Men’s Self-conŞdence and Judgements of Their Visual Attractiveness by Women”, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 31,47–54.
  • Salzman, M. ve O’Reilly, L. (2006), Erkeklerin Geleceği, (Çev. Özge Gezerler), İstan- bul:Mediacat.
  • Shannon, B. (2004). “ReFashioning Men: Fashion, Masculinity, and the Cultivation of the Male Consumer in Britain, 1860-1914”, Victorian Studies, 46(4), 597-630.
  • Shimpi, S. S. ve Sinha, D. K. (2012). “A Factor Analysis on Attıtude Characterıstics of Consumer Buying Behaviour for Male Cosmetics Products in Pune City”, Interna- tional Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research, 1(11),78-87.
  • Simpson, M. (2003). “Here Come The Nirror Men”, Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.2010. web: htpp://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/irror_men.html.
  • Sims, J. (2010). “Anti-aging cosmetics for men”, Financial Times, Erişim Tarihi: 10. 01.2011. Web: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/706ae1b2-b6e9-11df-b3dd-00144feabdc0.html.
  • Skipp, C. (2010). “Mens' Looks: A 'Retrosexual' Comeback”, Newsweek, Erişim Tarihi: 2.05.2012. http://www.pazarlama.org.tr/index.asp?sayfa=39.
  • Solomon, M. (2009).Consumer Behaviour. New Jersey, Pearson International.
  • Souiden, N. ve Diagne, M., (2009). “Canadian and French Men's Consumption of Cosme- tics: a Comparison of Their Attitudes and Motivations”, Journal of Consumer Mar- keting, 26(2), 97–109.
  • Strahan, E. J., Wilson, A. E., Cressman, K. E. ve Buote, V. M., (2006). “Comparing to Per- fection: How Cultural Norms for Appearance Affect Social Comparisons and Self-image”, Body Image, 3, 211–227.
  • Sturrock, F. ve Pioch, E. (1998). “Making Himself Attractive: the Growing Consumption of grooming products”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 16 (5), 337-343.
  • Swiencicki, M. A. (1998). “Consuming Brotherhood: Men’s Culture, Style and Recreation as Consumer Culture 1880-1930”, Journal of Social History, 31(4), 773-808.
  • Traiser, A. (2010). “Retrosexuals”: The Latest Lame Macho Catchprase”, Erişim Tarihi: 21.06.2010.http://www.salon.com/life/broadsheet/2010/04/07/retrosexsuals_silline ss/index.html.
  • Trautner, M. N. ve Kwan, S. (2010). “Gendered Appearance Norms: an Analysis of Emp- loyment Discrimination Lawsuits, 1970–2008”, Gender and Sexuality in the Workp- lace Research in the Sociology of Work, 20, 127–150. TUİK (2008), http://www.tuik.gov.tr/VeriBilgi.do?alt_id039. İstatistik Kurumu. Erişim Tarihi 24.01.2012. Web
  • Tungate, M. (2008). Erkeklere Pazarlama. (Çev. Levent Göktem), İstanbul, Mediacat.
  • West, C. ve Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). “Doing Gender”, Gender and Society, 1 (2), 125-151.

MEN AND PERSONAL CARE: THE VARIABLES CORRELATED WITH THE TENDENCY OF COSMETIC PRODUCT CONSUMPTION OF TURKISH MEN

Year 2013, Volume: 6 Issue: 12, 91 - 116, 01.12.2013

Abstract

The body is a tool for the production of a self image. As well as women, men need to care about their body, and look good in order to be successful in social life. However, consumption of cosmetic products is perceived to be a sin for male consumers. Nevertheless, the growing male cosmetic market is an indicator for the active role of male consumers in the personal care industry and cosmetic usage. In this research, with a sample of 326 Turkish male consumers who are from 75 different cities in Turkey, aging in between 2049, it is found that there are positive correlations between the cosmetic product consumption tendency and the will to be physically attractive, the belief to be able to create a self image, the will to be and to look healthy, the importance attributed to the career life and the appearance. As anticipated, the cultural perceptions are affecting the consumption of cosmetics negatively, and on the contrary to the prior expectations, the correlation between aging and cosmetic usage is insignificant. With an aim to investigate the cosmetic usage habits of male consumers, the data collected and analyzed with SPSS 15.0 has used to calculate correlations, and it is the first research offers a correlation among “career focus” “and “cosmetic usage”

References

  • Adams, G. Turner, H. ve Bucks, R. (2005). “The Experience of Body Dissatisfaction in Men” Body Image, 2(3),271-83.
  • Atkinson, M. (2008). “Exploring Male Femininity in the Crisis: Men and Cosmetic Sur- gery”, Body and Society, 14(1), 67-87.
  • Baerveldt, C. ve Voestermans, P. (1996). “The Body as a Selfing Device - The Case of Anorexia Nervosa”, Theory & Psychology, 6(4), 693–713.
  • Barker, H. (2008). “Soul, Purse and Family: Middling and Lower-class Masculinity in Eighteenth-Century Manchester” Social History, 33 (1), 12-35.
  • Bayer, K. (2005). “Cosmetic Surgery and Cosmetics: Redefining the Appearance of Age”, Generations, 29 (3), 13-18.
  • Bloch, P. H. ve Richins, M. L. (1992). “You look “mahvelous”: The pursuit of beauty and the marketing concept”. Psychology & Marketing, 9(1), 3-15.
  • Cafri, G.,Thompson, J.K.,Ricciardelli, L., McCabe, M.,Smolak, L., ve Yesalis, C. (2005). “Pursuit of the Muscular Ideal: Physical and Psychological Consequences and Putative Risk Factors”, Clinical Psychology Review,25, 215-239.
  • Catterall, M. ve Maclara P. (2001). “Body talk: Questioning the Assumptions in Cognitive Age”, Psychology & Marketing, 18(10), 1117-1133.
  • Cheng, F. S., Ooi, C. S. ve Ting, D. H. (2010). “Factors Affecting Consumption Behavior of Metrosexual Toward Male Grooming Products”, International Review of Busi- ness Research Papers, 6(1), 574-590.
  • Du Bois, N. (2011). “The Cultural Context of Male Grooming Today: Through The Loo- king Glass”. Ogilvy Cultural Strategy. İndirilme Tarihi: Aralık 2012.
  • Elsner, P. (2012). “Overview and Trends in Male Grooming”, British Journal of Dermato- logy, 166, 2-5.
  • Etcoff N. (1999). Survival of The Prettiest. New York, NY: Anchor Books.
  • Euromonitor (2011, Aralık). Anti-aging Raporları. Erişim Tarihi, Aralık 2011. web: http://www.euromonitor.com/search?txtSearch=anti+aging+2011.
  • Finn, M. (2000). “Men’s Things: Masculine Posession in the Consumer Revolution”, Social History, 25(2), 133-155.
  • Firat, F.A., Dholakia, N. ve Venkatesh, A. (1995). “Marketing in a Postmodern World”, European Journal of Marketing, 29(1), 40-56.
  • Geffken, G. (2003). “Cosmetic vs. Drug Claims”, GCI Magazine, March, 20-21.
  • Halliwell, E., ve Dittmar, H. (2003). “A Qualitative Investigation of Women's and Men's Body Image Concerns and Their Attitudes toward Aging”, Sex Roles, 49 (11-12), 675-684.
  • Harrison, C. (2008). “Real Men do Wear Mascara: Advertising, Discourse and Masculine Identity”, Critical Discourse Studies, 5 (1), 55–73.
  • Hfnekoppa J., Rudolpha O, Beierb L., Liebertb A. ve Mqller C.( 2007). “Physical Attracti- veness of Face and Body as Indicators of Physical Fitness in Men”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 106–111.
  • Humphreys, P. ve Paxton, S. J. (2004). “Impact of Exposure to Idealised Male Images on Adolescent Boys’ Body Image”, Body Image, 1, 253–266.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2006). Manhood in America, New York, NY, Oxford University Press.
  • Koscinski, K. (2011). “Hand Attractiveness-Its Determinants and Associations with Facial Attractiveness”, Behavioral Ecology.
  • McNeill L. S., ve Douglas, K. (2011). “Retailing Masculinity: Gender Expectations and Social Image of Male Grooming Products in New Zealand”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18,448–454.
  • Odabaşı, Y. ve Barış, G. (2002). Tüketici Davranışı, İstanbul, Mediacat.
  • Otnes, C. ve McGroth, M. A. (2001). “Perceptions and Realities of Male Shopping Beha- viour”, Journal of Retailing, 77,111-137.
  • Roberts S. C., Little, A. C., Lyndon, A., Roberts, J., Havlicek J. ve Wright, R. L. (2009). “Manipulation of Body Odour Alters Men’s Self-conŞdence and Judgements of Their Visual Attractiveness by Women”, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 31,47–54.
  • Salzman, M. ve O’Reilly, L. (2006), Erkeklerin Geleceği, (Çev. Özge Gezerler), İstan- bul:Mediacat.
  • Shannon, B. (2004). “ReFashioning Men: Fashion, Masculinity, and the Cultivation of the Male Consumer in Britain, 1860-1914”, Victorian Studies, 46(4), 597-630.
  • Shimpi, S. S. ve Sinha, D. K. (2012). “A Factor Analysis on Attıtude Characterıstics of Consumer Buying Behaviour for Male Cosmetics Products in Pune City”, Interna- tional Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research, 1(11),78-87.
  • Simpson, M. (2003). “Here Come The Nirror Men”, Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.2010. web: htpp://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/irror_men.html.
  • Sims, J. (2010). “Anti-aging cosmetics for men”, Financial Times, Erişim Tarihi: 10. 01.2011. Web: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/706ae1b2-b6e9-11df-b3dd-00144feabdc0.html.
  • Skipp, C. (2010). “Mens' Looks: A 'Retrosexual' Comeback”, Newsweek, Erişim Tarihi: 2.05.2012. http://www.pazarlama.org.tr/index.asp?sayfa=39.
  • Solomon, M. (2009).Consumer Behaviour. New Jersey, Pearson International.
  • Souiden, N. ve Diagne, M., (2009). “Canadian and French Men's Consumption of Cosme- tics: a Comparison of Their Attitudes and Motivations”, Journal of Consumer Mar- keting, 26(2), 97–109.
  • Strahan, E. J., Wilson, A. E., Cressman, K. E. ve Buote, V. M., (2006). “Comparing to Per- fection: How Cultural Norms for Appearance Affect Social Comparisons and Self-image”, Body Image, 3, 211–227.
  • Sturrock, F. ve Pioch, E. (1998). “Making Himself Attractive: the Growing Consumption of grooming products”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 16 (5), 337-343.
  • Swiencicki, M. A. (1998). “Consuming Brotherhood: Men’s Culture, Style and Recreation as Consumer Culture 1880-1930”, Journal of Social History, 31(4), 773-808.
  • Traiser, A. (2010). “Retrosexuals”: The Latest Lame Macho Catchprase”, Erişim Tarihi: 21.06.2010.http://www.salon.com/life/broadsheet/2010/04/07/retrosexsuals_silline ss/index.html.
  • Trautner, M. N. ve Kwan, S. (2010). “Gendered Appearance Norms: an Analysis of Emp- loyment Discrimination Lawsuits, 1970–2008”, Gender and Sexuality in the Workp- lace Research in the Sociology of Work, 20, 127–150. TUİK (2008), http://www.tuik.gov.tr/VeriBilgi.do?alt_id039. İstatistik Kurumu. Erişim Tarihi 24.01.2012. Web
  • Tungate, M. (2008). Erkeklere Pazarlama. (Çev. Levent Göktem), İstanbul, Mediacat.
  • West, C. ve Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). “Doing Gender”, Gender and Society, 1 (2), 125-151.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Pelin Balkıs This is me

Gülfidan Barış 0000-0002-2623-2198

Publication Date December 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 6 Issue: 12

Cite

APA Balkıs, P., & Barış, G. (2013). ERKEKLER VE KİŞİSEL BAKIM: TÜRK ERKEKLERİNİN KOZMETİK ÜRÜNLERİ TÜKETME EĞİLİMLERİYLE İLİŞKİLİ DEĞİŞKENLER. Pazarlama Ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(12), 91-116.