Non-Refoulement İlkesinin Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi Çerçevesinde Uygulanması

Year 2023, Volume: 43 Issue: 1, 313 - 351, 19.07.2023

Ceren Karagözoğlu

https://doi.org/10.26650/ppil.2023.43.1203096

Abstract

Mülteci hukuku ile sağlanan korumanın temelini oluşturan non-refoulement ilkesi, insan hakları sözleşmeleri çerçevesinde önemli bir uygulama alanına sahiptir. İnsan hakları sözleşmelerinin bir kısmında non-refoulement ilkesine açık bir biçimde yer verilirken önemli bir kısmında ilke, sözleşmelerin diğer hükümleri ile ilişkilendirilerek değerlendirilmektedir. İlkenin sözleşmeler kapsamında ortaya çıkan uygulaması ise öğretide ağırlıklı olarak kişinin gönderildiği ülkede maruz kalacağı muamele ile çerçevesinde yaşam hakkı, işkence yasağı ve sınırlı da olsa kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliği hakkı, adil yargılanma hakkı, özel yaşama ve aile yaşamına saygı hakkı ve düşünce, vicdan, din özgürlüğü ve sınır dışı etme işlemi ile bağlantılı olarak etkili başvuru hakkı ve uygulanan idari gözetim tedbirine bağlı olarak kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliği hakkı ile birlikte ele alınmaktadır. Ancak ilkenin sözleşmeler çerçevesindeki görünümü, sınır dışı etme işlemi ile bağlantılı olarak ortaya çıkan uygulamalardan, tedbirlerden ya da hukuki başvuru yollarından bağımsız, kişinin gönderileceği devlet ülkesinde maruz kalacağı muamele sebebiyle muhatap kaldığı duruma ilişkindir. Sınır dışı etme veya geri gönderme sonucunu doğuran eylem veya işleme muhatap kişinin tabi tutulduğu idari gözetim koşulları veya söz konusu eylem ve işleme karşı sahip olduğu adli ve idari başvuru hakkı çerçevesinde değerlendirilen hak ve özgürlükler ise temel olarak devletin ulusal hukuk düzeninde var olan eksiklikleri veya hukuka aykırılıkları konu almaktadır. Bu sebeple ilkenin Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi bağlamında uygulanması çalışmada, kişinin gönderildiği devlet ülkesinde maruz kalacağı muamelenin Sözleşme ile koruma altına alınan hak ve özgürlükler bakımından değerlendirilmesi çerçevesinde incelenecektir.

Keywords

Non-refoulement İlkesi, Mülteci Hukuku, İnsan Hakları Hukuku, Avrupa İnsanları Hakları Sözleşmesi, Ülke Dışı Uygulama

Application of the Principle of Non-Refoulement Within the Context of the European Convention on Human Rights

Abstract

The principle of non-refoulement constitutes the foundation of the protection provided by refugee law and has an important scope of application within the framework of human rights treaties. While some human rights treaties clearly include provisions on the principle of non-refoulement, most treaties handle the principle in relation to other provisions. Application of the principle of non-refoulement is mainly handle alongside the right to administrative detention or the right to an effective remedy in connection with the deportation process in doctrine. However, the rights and freedoms evaluated within the scope of this principle are related to deficiencies or illegalities in the national legal order of the state in connection with a deportation, extradition, or refoulement decision. Application the principle of non-refoulement within the scope treaties is independent of these elements. It instead concerns the treatment to which the person being addressed will be subjected to in the territory of the state to which that person will be deported, extradited or refouled. Within the framework of this limitation, this study will examine the application of the principle of non-refoulement in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Keywords

Non-refoulement, Refugee law, Human Rights Law, European Convention On Human Rights, Extraterritorial application

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