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Lesions and Complications Associated with Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 109 - 115, 25.12.2020

Abstract

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiovascular malformation. Its incidence is 0,5-2% in the whole population. It is 3 times more common in boys than girls. Bicuspid aortic valve can be defined as the aortic valve having two leaflets instead of three. The prevalence of patients with bicuspid aortic valve in first degree family relatives is 10% and familial transmission has been reported. BAV is a clinically important condition as it accompanies serious potential complications including aortic valve dysfunction, infective endocarditis, aortic dilation, aortic aneurysm, and aortic dissection. By identifying individuals with BAV, important complications that may develop can be prevented and the timing of the interventions that can be performed can be decided. In this review, the definition of BAV, its clinical importance and the most common accompanying complications were presented.

References

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Biküspid Aort Kapağı İle İlişkili Lezyonlar ve Komplikasyonlar

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 109 - 115, 25.12.2020

Abstract

Biküspid aort kapağı (BAK) en sık görülen doğumsal kardiyovasküler malformasyondur. Görülme sıklığı tüm popülasyonda %0,5-2’dir. Erkeklerde kızlardan 3 kat daha fazla görülür. Biküspit aort kapağı, aort kapağının üç yaprakçık yerine iki yaprakçık yapısına sahip olması olarak tanımlanabilir. Biküspit aort kapağı olan hastaların 1.derece aile yakınlarında görülme sıklığı %10 olup ailesel geçiş bildirilmiştir. Aort kapak işlev bozukluğu, infektif endokardit, aort genişlemesi, aort anevrizması ve aort diseksiyonunu içeren ciddi potansiyel komplikasyonlara eşlik ettiğinden BAK klinik olarak önemli bir durumdur. BAK olan bireylerin tespit edilmesi ile gelişebilecek olan önemli komplikasyonlar önlenebilir ve yapılabilecek olan girişimlerin zamanlamasına karar verilebilir. Bu derlemede BAK’ın tanımı, klinik olarak önemi ve en sık eşlik eden komplikasyonları sunulmuştur.

References

  • 1. Fedak PW, Verma S, David TE, Leask RL, Weisel RD, Butany J. Clinical and pathophysiological implications of a bicuspid aortic valve. Circulation 2002;106:900-4.
  • 2. Aboulhosn J, Child JS. Left ventricular outflow obstruction: subaortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve, supravalvar aortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. Circulation 2006;114:2412-22.
  • 3. Siu SC, Silversides CK. Bicuspid aortic valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:2789-800.
  • 4. Yuan S-M, Jing H. The bicuspid aortic valve and related disorders. Sao Paulo Med J 2010;128:296-301.
  • 5. Siu SC, Silversides CK. Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2010;55:2789-800.
  • 6. Michelena HI, Desjardins VA, Avierinos J-F, et al. Clinical Perspective. Circulation 2008;117:2776-84.
  • 7. Sert A, Aslan E, Sap F, Aypar E, Odabaş D. Evaluation of Our Patients Diagnosed with Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Pediatr Heart J 2015;2:117-23.
  • 8. Sachdev V. Aortic valve disease in Turner syndrome, in: J Am Coll Cardiol, 61 (2008), pp. 1904-1909, et al. Elsevier Masson; 2008.
  • 9. Kerstjens-Frederikse WS, Sarvaas GJDM, Ruiter JS, et al. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction: should cardiac screening be offered to first-degree relatives? Heart 2011;97:1228-32.
  • 10. Duran A, Frescura C, Sans-Coma V, Angelini A, Basso C, Thiene G. Bicuspid aortic valves in hearts with other congenital heart disease. The Journal of Heart Valve Disease 1995;4:581-90.
  • 11. Roos-Hesselink J, Schölzel B, Heijdra R, et al. Aortic valve and aortic arch pathology after coarctation repair. Heart 2003;89:1074-7.
  • 12. Sakellaropoulos S, Mohammed M, Svab S, Lekaditi D, Sakellaropoulos P, Mitsis AJCR. Causes, Diagnosis, Risk Stratification and Treatment of Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease: An Updated Review. 2020;11:205-12.
  • 13. Braverman AC. The Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Associated Aortic Disease. Valvular heart disease. A companion to Braunwald's heart disease. 4 ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2014. p. 179-98.
  • 14. Sievers HH, Schmidtke C. A classification system for the bicuspid aortic valve from 304 surgical specimens. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;133:1226-33.
  • 15. Yener N, Oktar GL, Erer D, Yardimci MM, Yener A. Bicuspid aortic valve. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;8:264-7.
  • 16. Brenner JI, Berg KA, Schneider DS, Clark EB, Boughman JA. Cardiac malformations in relatives of infants with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1989;143:1492-4.
  • 17. Roberts WC, Morrow AG, Braunwald EJC. Complete interruption of the aortic arch. Circulation 1962;26:39-59.
  • 18. Hinton RB, Martin LJ, Tabangin ME, Mazwi ML, Cripe LH, Benson DW. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is heritable. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2007;50:1590-5.
  • 19. Bolling SF, Iannettoni MD, Dick II M, Rosenthal A. Shone's anomaly: operative results and late outcome. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1990;49:887-93.
  • 20. Sybert VP. Cardiovascular malformations and complications in Turner syndrome. Pediatrics 1998;101:e11-e.
  • 21. Verma S, Siu SC. Aortic dilatation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1920-9.
  • 22. Oppenheimer-Dekker A, Gittenberger-de Groot A, Bartelings M, Wenink A, Moene R, Van der Harten J. Abnormal architecture of the ventricles in hearts with an overriding aortic valve and a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (“Eisenmenger VSD”). International Journal of Cardiology 1985;9:341-55.
  • 23. Neumayer U, Stone S, Somerville J. Small ventricular septal defects in adults. European Heart Journal 1998;19:1573-82.
  • 24. Keane MG, Wiegers SE, Plappert T, Pochettino A, Bavaria JE, Sutton MGSJ. Bicuspid aortic valves are associated with aortic dilatation out of proportion to coexistent valvular lesions. Circulation 2000;102:Iii-35-Iii-9.
  • 25. Koenraadt WM, Tokmaji G, DeRuiter MC, et al. Coronary anatomy as related to bicuspid aortic valve morphology. Heart 2016;102:943-9.
  • 26. Verma S, Siu SC. Aortic dilatation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1920-9.
  • 27. Abbott ME. Coarctation of the aorta of the adult type: II. A statistical study and historical retrospect of 200 recorded cases with autopsy, of stenosis or obliteration of the descending arch in subjects above the age of two years. American Heart Journal 1928;3:574-618.
  • 28. Russo CF, Mazzetti S, Garatti A, et al. Aortic complications after bicuspid aortic valve replacement: long-term results. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002;74:S1773-S6.
  • 29. Ward C. Clinical significance of the bicuspid aortic valve. Heart 2000;83:81-5.
  • 30. Oliver JM, Alonso-Gonzalez R, Gonzalez AE, et al. Risk of aortic root or ascending aorta complications in patients with bicuspid aortic valve with and without coarctation of the aorta. The American Journal of Cardiology 2009;104:1001-6.
  • 31. Fernandes SM, Sanders SP, Khairy P, et al. Morphology of bicuspid aortic valve in children and adolescents. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2004;44:1648-51.
  • 32. Roberts WC. The congenitally bicuspid aortic valve: a study of 85 autopsy cases. The American Journal of Cardiology 1970;26:72-83.
  • 33. Jost CHA, Schaff HV, Connolly HM, et al. Spectrum of reoperations after repair of aortic coarctation: importance of an individualized approach because of coexistent cardiovascular disease. Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 2002: Elsevier.
  • 34. Braverman AC, Güven H, Beardslee MA, Makan M, Kates AM, Moon MR. The bicuspid aortic valve. Current Problems in Cardiology 2005;30:470-522.
  • 35. Braverman AC. Aortic involvement in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve. Heart 2011;97:506-13.
  • 36. Matura LA, Ho VB, Rosing DR, Bondy CA. Aortic dilatation and dissection in Turner syndrome. Circulation 2007;116:1663-70.
  • 37. Price W, Clayton J, Collyer S, De Mey R, Wilson J. Mortality ratios, life expectancy, and causes of death in patients with Turner's syndrome. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health 1986;40:97-102.
  • 38. Glower DD, Bashore TM, Spritzer CE. Congenital aortic stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus in the adult. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1992;54:368-70.
  • 39. Deshpande J, Kinare S. The bicuspid aortic valve--an autopsy study. Indian journal of pathology microbiology 1991;34:112-8.
  • 40. Perloff JK. Congenital heart disease and pregnancy. 1994;17:579-87.
  • 41. Delius RE, Samyn MM, Behrendt DM. Should a bicuspid aortic valve be replaced in the presence of subvalvar or supravalvar aortic stenosis? The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1998;66:1337-41.
  • 42. Lovell A. Anaesthetic implications of grown‐up congenital heart disease. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2004;93:129-39.
  • 43. Popescu BA, Jurcut R, Serban M, Parascan L, Ginghina C. Shone's syndrome diagnosed with echocardiography and confirmed at pathology. European Journal of Echocardiography 2008;9:865-7.
  • 44. Scholz D, Lynch J, Willerscheidt A, Sharma R, Edwards JJAop, medicine l. Coronary arterial dominance associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve. Archives of Pathology Laboratory Medicine 1980;104:417-8.
  • 45. Lerer PK, Edwards W. Coronary arterial anatomy in bicuspid aortic valve. Necropsy study of 100 hearts. Heart 1981;45:142-7.
  • 46. Virmani R, Chun P, Robinowitz M, Goldstein R, McAllister JH. Length of left main coronary artery. Lack of correlation to coronary artery dominance and bicuspid aortic valve: an autopsy study of 54 cases. Archives of Pathology Laboratory Medicine 1984;108:638-41.
  • 47. Michelena H, Desjardins V, Avierinos J. Valvulopathies| Natural history of asymptomatic patients with normally functioning or minimally dysfunctional bicuspid aortic valve in the community, in: Circulation, 117 (2008), pp. 2776-2784, et al. Elsevier Masson; 2008.
  • 48. Tzemos N, Therrien J, Yip J, et al. Outcomes in adults with bicuspid aortic valves. Jama 2008;300:1317-25.
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There are 93 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Hüseyin Süslü

Ahmet Sert

Publication Date December 25, 2020
Acceptance Date January 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Süslü H, Sert A. Biküspid Aort Kapağı İle İlişkili Lezyonlar ve Komplikasyonlar. pediatr pract res. 2020;8(3):109-15.