Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 407 - 449, 15.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2019.2.7

Abstract

References

  • Afshari, J., Moein, Z., Afshari, F., Sharifi-Rad, J., Balouchi, A, A. (2017). A comparison of leadership styles with respect to biographical characteristics. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(1), 1-7.‏ Alfaouri, A. (2002). The factors affecting subordinate’s management of his boss and its behavioral implications (Empirical Study on the staff of the minimum administration at Mutah University). Mutah Journal for Research and Studies Series Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(17), 123-146. Al-Kalbani, M. (2015). Leadership and Followership Practices in Leadership Organisations: A Case Study of ABU DHABI Education Council, (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Lancaster University, Lancashire, United Kingdom. Almgheib, A. I. A. (2016). How leadership styles and follower characteristics predict follower work outcomes in Libyan organisations (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Kingston University, London, United Kingdom. Al-Sakarneh, B. K. (2010). Effective administrative leadership. Dar Al Masirah Publishing, Distribution and Printing, Amman. Ammon, R. D. N. (2013). Active Followership: An Essential Component of the Teacher-Principal Relationship (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. Amundsen, S., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2014). Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 487-511. Antelo, A., Prilipko, E. V., & Sheridan-Pereira, M. (2010). Assessing effective attributes of followers in a leadership process. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 3(9), 33. Aziri, B., Sulejmani, A., & Mazllami, J. (2016). Emerging issues in leadership. The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational & Social Sciences, 5, 364-370.‏ Barnhart, G., (2008). Leading Heroic Journeys: Drawing On the Wisdom of Cultures Throughout Time, Center of Heroic Leadership. USA Beekun, R., & Badawi, J. (1999). The leadership process in Islam. Proteus-Shippensburg, 16, 33-38. Beever, S., (2008) Second Fiddle? An Interpretive study of followers of servant leaders (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Iowa State University, Ames, USA. Behery, M. (2016). A New Look at Transformational Leadership and Organizational Identification: A Mediation Effect of Followership Style in a Non-Western Context. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 21(2), 70. Billig, M. (2015). Kurt Lewin's leadership studies and his legacy to social psychology: is there nothing as practical as a good theory? Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 45 (4), 440-460. Bjugstad, K., Thach, E. C., Thompson, K. J., & Morris, A. (2006). A fresh look at followership: A model for matching followership and leadership styles. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 7(3), 304. Black, J. (1978). How to be a successful manager (A. Halim Thabet trans.). Dar El-Qalam, Cairo. Cerff, K., & Winston, B. E. (2006). The Inclusion of hope in the servant leadership model: An extension of Patterson and Winston’s models. In Servant Leadership Roundtable. School of Leadership Studies, Regent University. Chaleff, I., (2009) The Courageous Follower: Standing up to and for our leaders, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Corrothers, E. M. (2009). Say No to" Yes Men": Followership in the Modern Military (Unpublished research report). Air University, Montgomery, USA. Cross, R. L., & Parker, A. (2004). The hidden power of social networks: Understanding how work really gets done in organizations. Harvard Business Press. ‏ Daft, R. (2008). The leadership experience (4th Ed) Canada: Southwestern – Thomson. Dierendonck, D., & Dijkstra, M. (2012). The role of the follower in the relationship between empowering leadership and empowerment: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(S1). Favara, Leonard F. Jr. (2009). Putting followership on the map: Examining followership styles and their relationship with job satisfaction and job performance. Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching, 5 (2). Available at: http://scholars.fhsu.edu/jbl/vol5/iss2/9 Fujita, K., Agi, W, L., & Kyaw, W. (2009) Primary Study of Leader and Follower Relationship in Asia. Graduate School of International Management, International University of Japan, GSIM Working Paper. IM-2009-04. Hackman, J. R., & Wageman, R. (2007). Asking the right questions about leadership. American Psychologist, 62, 43– 47. Hakimi, N., Van Knippenberg, D., & Giessner, S. (2010). Leader empowering behaviour: The leader's perspective. British Journal of Management, 21(3), 701-716. Hassan, M. M. (2004). Leadership Basics, theories and concepts. Dar Al-Kindi for Publishing and Distribution, Amman. Henry, B. C. (2012). Leadership models for effective change management. International Journal of Computer Science and Management Research, 1(4), 817-819. Hollander, E., P., (2009) Inclusive Leadership: The essential leader-follower relationship, NY: Routledge. Ibrahimi, Mansour (2016) Followership Styles as Predictors Towards Effective Leadership Development (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). International Islamic University, Malaysia. Johnson, C. E. (2009). Introducing followership into the leadership classroom: An integrative approach. Journal of Leadership Education, 8(2), 20-31. Johnson, J., (2003) A study of the relationship between followership modalities and leadership styles among educators at selected high schools in Jackson, Mississippi (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Andrews University, Michigan, USA. Kellerman, B. (2008). Followership: How followers are creating change and changing leaders. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Kelley, R. E. (1992). The power of followership: How to create leaders people want to follow, and followers who lead themselves. Broadway Business. Konczak, L. J., Stelly, D. J., & Trusty, M. L. (2000). Defining and measuring empowering leader behaviors: Development of an upward feedback instrument. Educational and Psychological measurement, 60(2), 301-313. Mehtab, M., Rehman, A., Ishfaq, S., & Jamil (2018). Virtual Leadership: A Review Paper. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 8(4), 183-193. Metcalfe, B. D. & Murfin, T., (2011) Leadership, Social Development and Political Economy in the Middle East: An Introduction. In B. D. Metcalfe & F. Mimouni (Eds.) Leadership Development in the Middle East. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. (2019). Brief on Higher Education Sector in Jordan. Retrieved April 10, 2019 from the source: http://www.mohe.gov.jo/en/pages/BriefMohe1.aspx. Mohammad, R., & Saad, N., (2016) Power Distance and the Construction of the Followership Identity, Asia Pacific Journal of Advanced Business and Social Studies, 2(1), 148-160. Munir, H., & Iqbal, M. Z. (2018). A Study of Relationship between Leadership Styles of Principals and Job Satisfaction of Teachers in Colleges for Women. Bulletin of Education and Research, 40(2).‏ Murji, S. (2015). Taking followership education to the next level. Journal of Leadership Education, 14(3), 168-177. Nejad, M. A., Naami, A., & Beshlideh, K. (2015). Followership Styles: The Difference of Employees in Their Job Motivation and Job Performance. International Journal of Psychology, 9(1). Novikov. (2016) Followership and Performance in Acquisition, Research and Development Organizations, Regent University, Virginia: USA Oplatka, I., & Arar, K. (2017). The research on educational leadership and management in the Arab world since the 1990s: A systematic review. Review of Education, 5 (3), 267-307. Oyetunji, C., (2013) The Relationship between followership style and job performance in Botswana Private Universities, International Education Studies, 6(2) 1-9. Peachey, G. A. (2002). The effect of leader empowering behaviours on staff nurses workplace empowerment, psychological empowerment, organizational commitment, and absenteeism (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. Pearce, C. L., Yoo, Y., & Alavi, M. (2004). Leadership, social work, and virtual teams: The relative influence of vertical vs. shared leadership in non-profits. Improving Leadership in Non-Profit Organizations. 180–199. Ricketson, R. S. (2008). An exploration of the relationship of leadership styles and dimensions of courageous followership (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). Regent University, Virginia. USA. Rittle, D. C. (2007). Value diversity and affective conflict reduction model: Reducing value diversity through servant leadership. Servant Leadership Research Roundtable. Regent University. Rost, J. C. (1994). Leadership: a new conception. Holistic Nursing Practice, 9(1), 1-8. Smith, J., (2009) Followership Behaviors Among Florida Community College Faculty (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Florida, USA. Strong, R., & Williams, J. (2014). Understanding students as followers: Discovering the influence of followership style on self-directed learning. Journal of Agricultural Education, 55(2), 201-213. Thody, A. (2003). Followership in educational organizations: A pilot mapping of the territory. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2(2), 141-156. Thomas, D. (2014). Comparison of Rwandan and American followership styles. Journal of Leadership Education. DOI: 10.12806/V13/I4/C13 Tight, M. (2004). Research into higher education: an a‐theoretical community of practice? Higher Education Research & Development, 23(4), 395-411. Uhl-Bien, M. (2006). Relational Leadership Theory: Exploring the social processes of leadership and organizing. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 654-676. Uhl-Bien, M., Riggio, R. E., Lowe, K. B., & Carsten, M. K. (2014). Followership theory: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 83-104. VanDoren, E. S. (1998). The relationship between leadership/followership in staff nurses and employment setting (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Western Michigan University, Michigan, USA. Walia, A., Bansal, R., & Mittal, S. (2015). Relationship between leadership style and followership style. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 4(4), 170-181. Wikipedia. (2019). Education in Jordan. Retrieved April 10, 2019 from the source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Jordan. Williams, G. A., & Miller, R. B. (2002). Change the way you persuade. Harvard Business Review, 80(5), 64-73. Winston, B. E., & Hartsfield, M. (2004). Similarities between emotional intelligence and servant leadership. In Proceedings of the Servant Leadership Research Roundtable. Wong, S. I., & Giessner, S. R. (2016). The thin line between empowering and laissez-faire leadership: An expectancy-match perspective. Journal of Management, 44(2), 757-783. Ye, Y. (2009). Factors Relating to Teachers Followership in International Universities in Thailand. Scholar: Human Sciences, 1(1). Yukl, G., & Chavez, C. (2002). Influence tactics and leader effectiveness. Leadership, 139-165.‏ Yukl, G., (2013) Power in Organizations, Pearson, Boston: USA Zaleznik, A. (1977). Managers and leaders: Are they different, Harvard Business Review, 67-78.

The Relationship Between Followership Styles and Leadership Styles

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 407 - 449, 15.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2019.2.7

Abstract

This
study aimed at identifying patterns of the followership styles and
their relation to the leadership styles of academic leaders as perceived by
faculty members in public and private universities in northern Jordan. The
researchers used the descriptive correlation approach. The Kelley’s scale was
adopted for the followership styles, and stellar’s leadership scale for
leadership styles. The study instruments were administered to a stratified
random sample of 304 faculty members at (Yarmouk, JUST, Al-Bayt,
Philadelphia, Ajloun Private University, Jerash Private University
and Irbid Private University). The validity and reliability of the
study tools have been verified. Chi-Square Goodness of Fit was employed to
compare the expected with the observed distribution of frequencies. The results
showed that the Exemplary followership type was the highest observed, followed
by the pragmatic pattern and finally the Alienated and the Passive pattern. The
results showed that the most prevalent leadership styles are the empowering,
democratic, and autocratic. Study results also showed that there were no
statistically significant differences between the leadership and the
followership styles. 

References

  • Afshari, J., Moein, Z., Afshari, F., Sharifi-Rad, J., Balouchi, A, A. (2017). A comparison of leadership styles with respect to biographical characteristics. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(1), 1-7.‏ Alfaouri, A. (2002). The factors affecting subordinate’s management of his boss and its behavioral implications (Empirical Study on the staff of the minimum administration at Mutah University). Mutah Journal for Research and Studies Series Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(17), 123-146. Al-Kalbani, M. (2015). Leadership and Followership Practices in Leadership Organisations: A Case Study of ABU DHABI Education Council, (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Lancaster University, Lancashire, United Kingdom. Almgheib, A. I. A. (2016). How leadership styles and follower characteristics predict follower work outcomes in Libyan organisations (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Kingston University, London, United Kingdom. Al-Sakarneh, B. K. (2010). Effective administrative leadership. Dar Al Masirah Publishing, Distribution and Printing, Amman. Ammon, R. D. N. (2013). Active Followership: An Essential Component of the Teacher-Principal Relationship (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. Amundsen, S., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2014). Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 487-511. Antelo, A., Prilipko, E. V., & Sheridan-Pereira, M. (2010). Assessing effective attributes of followers in a leadership process. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 3(9), 33. Aziri, B., Sulejmani, A., & Mazllami, J. (2016). Emerging issues in leadership. The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational & Social Sciences, 5, 364-370.‏ Barnhart, G., (2008). Leading Heroic Journeys: Drawing On the Wisdom of Cultures Throughout Time, Center of Heroic Leadership. USA Beekun, R., & Badawi, J. (1999). The leadership process in Islam. Proteus-Shippensburg, 16, 33-38. Beever, S., (2008) Second Fiddle? An Interpretive study of followers of servant leaders (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Iowa State University, Ames, USA. Behery, M. (2016). A New Look at Transformational Leadership and Organizational Identification: A Mediation Effect of Followership Style in a Non-Western Context. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 21(2), 70. Billig, M. (2015). Kurt Lewin's leadership studies and his legacy to social psychology: is there nothing as practical as a good theory? Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 45 (4), 440-460. Bjugstad, K., Thach, E. C., Thompson, K. J., & Morris, A. (2006). A fresh look at followership: A model for matching followership and leadership styles. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 7(3), 304. Black, J. (1978). How to be a successful manager (A. Halim Thabet trans.). Dar El-Qalam, Cairo. Cerff, K., & Winston, B. E. (2006). The Inclusion of hope in the servant leadership model: An extension of Patterson and Winston’s models. In Servant Leadership Roundtable. School of Leadership Studies, Regent University. Chaleff, I., (2009) The Courageous Follower: Standing up to and for our leaders, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Corrothers, E. M. (2009). Say No to" Yes Men": Followership in the Modern Military (Unpublished research report). Air University, Montgomery, USA. Cross, R. L., & Parker, A. (2004). The hidden power of social networks: Understanding how work really gets done in organizations. Harvard Business Press. ‏ Daft, R. (2008). The leadership experience (4th Ed) Canada: Southwestern – Thomson. Dierendonck, D., & Dijkstra, M. (2012). The role of the follower in the relationship between empowering leadership and empowerment: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(S1). Favara, Leonard F. Jr. (2009). Putting followership on the map: Examining followership styles and their relationship with job satisfaction and job performance. Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching, 5 (2). Available at: http://scholars.fhsu.edu/jbl/vol5/iss2/9 Fujita, K., Agi, W, L., & Kyaw, W. (2009) Primary Study of Leader and Follower Relationship in Asia. Graduate School of International Management, International University of Japan, GSIM Working Paper. IM-2009-04. Hackman, J. R., & Wageman, R. (2007). Asking the right questions about leadership. American Psychologist, 62, 43– 47. Hakimi, N., Van Knippenberg, D., & Giessner, S. (2010). Leader empowering behaviour: The leader's perspective. British Journal of Management, 21(3), 701-716. Hassan, M. M. (2004). Leadership Basics, theories and concepts. Dar Al-Kindi for Publishing and Distribution, Amman. Henry, B. C. (2012). Leadership models for effective change management. International Journal of Computer Science and Management Research, 1(4), 817-819. Hollander, E., P., (2009) Inclusive Leadership: The essential leader-follower relationship, NY: Routledge. Ibrahimi, Mansour (2016) Followership Styles as Predictors Towards Effective Leadership Development (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). International Islamic University, Malaysia. Johnson, C. E. (2009). Introducing followership into the leadership classroom: An integrative approach. Journal of Leadership Education, 8(2), 20-31. Johnson, J., (2003) A study of the relationship between followership modalities and leadership styles among educators at selected high schools in Jackson, Mississippi (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Andrews University, Michigan, USA. Kellerman, B. (2008). Followership: How followers are creating change and changing leaders. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Kelley, R. E. (1992). The power of followership: How to create leaders people want to follow, and followers who lead themselves. Broadway Business. Konczak, L. J., Stelly, D. J., & Trusty, M. L. (2000). Defining and measuring empowering leader behaviors: Development of an upward feedback instrument. Educational and Psychological measurement, 60(2), 301-313. Mehtab, M., Rehman, A., Ishfaq, S., & Jamil (2018). Virtual Leadership: A Review Paper. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 8(4), 183-193. Metcalfe, B. D. & Murfin, T., (2011) Leadership, Social Development and Political Economy in the Middle East: An Introduction. In B. D. Metcalfe & F. Mimouni (Eds.) Leadership Development in the Middle East. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. (2019). Brief on Higher Education Sector in Jordan. Retrieved April 10, 2019 from the source: http://www.mohe.gov.jo/en/pages/BriefMohe1.aspx. Mohammad, R., & Saad, N., (2016) Power Distance and the Construction of the Followership Identity, Asia Pacific Journal of Advanced Business and Social Studies, 2(1), 148-160. Munir, H., & Iqbal, M. Z. (2018). A Study of Relationship between Leadership Styles of Principals and Job Satisfaction of Teachers in Colleges for Women. Bulletin of Education and Research, 40(2).‏ Murji, S. (2015). Taking followership education to the next level. Journal of Leadership Education, 14(3), 168-177. Nejad, M. A., Naami, A., & Beshlideh, K. (2015). Followership Styles: The Difference of Employees in Their Job Motivation and Job Performance. International Journal of Psychology, 9(1). Novikov. (2016) Followership and Performance in Acquisition, Research and Development Organizations, Regent University, Virginia: USA Oplatka, I., & Arar, K. (2017). The research on educational leadership and management in the Arab world since the 1990s: A systematic review. Review of Education, 5 (3), 267-307. Oyetunji, C., (2013) The Relationship between followership style and job performance in Botswana Private Universities, International Education Studies, 6(2) 1-9. Peachey, G. A. (2002). The effect of leader empowering behaviours on staff nurses workplace empowerment, psychological empowerment, organizational commitment, and absenteeism (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. Pearce, C. L., Yoo, Y., & Alavi, M. (2004). Leadership, social work, and virtual teams: The relative influence of vertical vs. shared leadership in non-profits. Improving Leadership in Non-Profit Organizations. 180–199. Ricketson, R. S. (2008). An exploration of the relationship of leadership styles and dimensions of courageous followership (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). Regent University, Virginia. USA. Rittle, D. C. (2007). Value diversity and affective conflict reduction model: Reducing value diversity through servant leadership. Servant Leadership Research Roundtable. Regent University. Rost, J. C. (1994). Leadership: a new conception. Holistic Nursing Practice, 9(1), 1-8. Smith, J., (2009) Followership Behaviors Among Florida Community College Faculty (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Florida, USA. Strong, R., & Williams, J. (2014). Understanding students as followers: Discovering the influence of followership style on self-directed learning. Journal of Agricultural Education, 55(2), 201-213. Thody, A. (2003). Followership in educational organizations: A pilot mapping of the territory. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2(2), 141-156. Thomas, D. (2014). Comparison of Rwandan and American followership styles. Journal of Leadership Education. DOI: 10.12806/V13/I4/C13 Tight, M. (2004). Research into higher education: an a‐theoretical community of practice? Higher Education Research & Development, 23(4), 395-411. Uhl-Bien, M. (2006). Relational Leadership Theory: Exploring the social processes of leadership and organizing. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 654-676. Uhl-Bien, M., Riggio, R. E., Lowe, K. B., & Carsten, M. K. (2014). Followership theory: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 83-104. VanDoren, E. S. (1998). The relationship between leadership/followership in staff nurses and employment setting (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Western Michigan University, Michigan, USA. Walia, A., Bansal, R., & Mittal, S. (2015). Relationship between leadership style and followership style. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 4(4), 170-181. Wikipedia. (2019). Education in Jordan. Retrieved April 10, 2019 from the source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Jordan. Williams, G. A., & Miller, R. B. (2002). Change the way you persuade. Harvard Business Review, 80(5), 64-73. Winston, B. E., & Hartsfield, M. (2004). Similarities between emotional intelligence and servant leadership. In Proceedings of the Servant Leadership Research Roundtable. Wong, S. I., & Giessner, S. R. (2016). The thin line between empowering and laissez-faire leadership: An expectancy-match perspective. Journal of Management, 44(2), 757-783. Ye, Y. (2009). Factors Relating to Teachers Followership in International Universities in Thailand. Scholar: Human Sciences, 1(1). Yukl, G., & Chavez, C. (2002). Influence tactics and leader effectiveness. Leadership, 139-165.‏ Yukl, G., (2013) Power in Organizations, Pearson, Boston: USA Zaleznik, A. (1977). Managers and leaders: Are they different, Harvard Business Review, 67-78.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Eman Bani Essa

Aref Alattari This is me

Publication Date November 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Essa, E. B., & Alattari, A. (2019). The Relationship Between Followership Styles and Leadership Styles. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 4(2), 407-449. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2019.2.7
AMA Essa EB, Alattari A. The Relationship Between Followership Styles and Leadership Styles. REAL is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication. November 2019;4(2):407-449. doi:10.30828/real/2019.2.7
Chicago Essa, Eman Bani, and Aref Alattari. “The Relationship Between Followership Styles and Leadership Styles”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 4, no. 2 (November 2019): 407-49. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2019.2.7.
EndNote Essa EB, Alattari A (November 1, 2019) The Relationship Between Followership Styles and Leadership Styles. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 4 2 407–449.
IEEE E. B. Essa and A. Alattari, “The Relationship Between Followership Styles and Leadership Styles”, REAL is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 407–449, 2019, doi: 10.30828/real/2019.2.7.
ISNAD Essa, Eman Bani - Alattari, Aref. “The Relationship Between Followership Styles and Leadership Styles”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 4/2 (November 2019), 407-449. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2019.2.7.
JAMA Essa EB, Alattari A. The Relationship Between Followership Styles and Leadership Styles. REAL is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication. 2019;4:407–449.
MLA Essa, Eman Bani and Aref Alattari. “The Relationship Between Followership Styles and Leadership Styles”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, vol. 4, no. 2, 2019, pp. 407-49, doi:10.30828/real/2019.2.7.
Vancouver Essa EB, Alattari A. The Relationship Between Followership Styles and Leadership Styles. REAL is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication. 2019;4(2):407-49.


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