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Analyzing the Causes of Deforestation with Statistical Quality Control Methods in Turkey

Year 2024, Volume: 04 Issue: 02, 192 - 210, 31.12.2024

Melike Erdoğan , Rabia Torman

Abstract

The forests that cover the earth are the main source of everything for living things. The sustainability of forests is of great importance for ecosystems, biodiversity, erosion prevention, climate diversity, tourism, protection of global balance and water resources. Today, forests are subject to change and destruction among the resources on earth. As a result of human interventions and actions, forests are damaged unpredictably. With the combination of many reasons, the negative concept called deforestation has come to the agenda as an issue that is increasingly attracting attention today. Deforestation is a problem that should be discussed, studied and urgent solutions should be sought for Turkey. In this study, the causes of deforestation in Turkey are examined and analyzed using statistical quality control methods. In this context, the effects of agricultural activities, forest crimes, forest fires, global warming and climate change, urbanization and overpopulation on deforestation have been investigated. Whether the causes are statistically under control or not are analyzed, out-of-control points are identified with the help of control charts and suggestions are presented for the elimination of these causes. The causes of deforestation have been evaluated using MINITAB software with the help of systematic statistical quality control tools. With the effect of the study, it is aimed to develop awareness in cooperation with the authorities and society and to determine relevant actions to prevent deforestation. By identifying the reasons that cause most to deforestation, policies are revealed to eliminate the problem of deforestation in Turkey. With this paper, it is foreseen that the actions to be taken regarding deforestation in the forest area of Turkey will have an impact on the global forest area and will create an international awareness and example and will serve as a guiding study for decision-makers.

Keywords

Control Chart Deforestation Policy Development Statistical Quality Control

References

  • [1] “OGM | Anasayfa.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr. [Accessed: 05-Sep-2024].
  • [2] D. Tolunay, “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Ormansızlaşma, Ormancılık Politikaları ve Köylülerin Durumu,” 2017.
  • [3] “Status of the World’s Soil Resources: Main Report,” 2015.
  • [4] J. Podur, D. L. Martell, and K. Knight, “Statistical quality control analysis of forest fire activity in Canada,” https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-183, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 195–205, 2011, doi: 10.1139/X01-183.
  • [5] B. Hennemuth et al., “Statistical methods for the analysis of simulated and observed climate data, applied in projects and institutions dealing with climate change impact and adaptation,” 2012.
  • [6] H. B. Günşen and E. Atmiş, “Analysis of forest change and deforestation in Turkey,” Int. For. Rev., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 182–194, May 2019, doi: 10.1505/146554819826606577.
  • [7] B. Devecioğlu, A. Tolunay, and M. Özmış, “ORMANSIZLAŞMANIN ÖNLENMESİNE YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİN BELİRLENMESİ: ISPARTA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ,” Turkish J. For. Sci., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 115–128, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.32328/TURKJFORSCI.571026.
  • [8] S. Rehana and P. P. Mujumdar, “Climate change induced risk in water quality control problems,” J. Hydrol., vol. 444–445, pp. 63–77, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2012.03.042.
  • [9] Y. Kuvan, “Mass Tourism Development and Deforestation in Turkey,” Anatolia, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 155–168, 2010, doi: 10.1080/13032917.2010.9687096.
  • [10] H. E. Ünal, Ü. Birben, and F. Bolat, “Rural population mobility, deforestation, and urbanization: case of Turkey,” Environ. Monit. Assess., vol. 191, no. 1, pp. 1–12, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1007/S10661-018-7149-6/TABLES/9.
  • [11] Ü. Akkemik et al., “The archaeology of deforestation in south coastal Turkey,” Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 395–405, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1080/13504509.2012.684363.
  • [12] C. Telkenaroglu and M. Dikmen, “DEFORESTATION DUE to URBANIZATION: A CASE STUDY for TRABZON, TURKEY,” ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., vol. 4, no. 4W4, pp. 379–382, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.5194/ISPRS-ANNALS-IV-4-W4-379-2017.
  • [13] A. Sabuncu, “Monitoring Deforestation by Multitemporal Data Using Remote Sensing Technologies: A Case Study of Sinop-Turkey,” Fresenius Environ. Bull., 2020.
  • [14] A. Aydin CoŞkun and G. Gençay, “Kyoto Protocol and ‘deforestation’: A legal analysis on Turkish environment and forest legislation,” For. Policy Econ., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 366–377, Jun. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.FORPOL.2011.03.013.
  • [15] A. Colak, S. Kırca, I. Rotherham, and A. Ince, “Restoration and Rehabilitation of Deforested and Degraded Forest Landscapes in Turkey.,” p. 566, 2010.
  • [16] C. Gülser, İ. Ekberli, and F. Gülser, “Effects of deforestation on soil properties and organic carbon stock of a hillslope position land in Black Sea Region of Turkey,” Eurasian J. Soil Sci., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 278–284, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.18393/EJSS.942488.
  • [17] M. A. Zambrano-Monserrate, C. Carvajal-Lara, R. Urgilés-Sanchez, and M. A. Ruano, “Deforestation as an indicator of environmental degradation: Analysis of five European countries,” Ecol. Indic., vol. 90, pp. 1–8, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2018.02.049.
  • [18] M. D. Avşar, “K.Maraş-Elbistan Yöresinde Ormansızlaşma, Getirdiği Problemler ve Çözüm Önerileri,” KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Derg., Jan. 1997.
  • [19] E. Malkoç and E. Nurlu, “ORMAN PEYZAJINDA REDD EĞİLİM MODELLEMESİ: BOZDAĞ ÖRNEĞİ,” in 6. UZAKTAN ALGILAMA-CBS SEMPOZYUMU, 2016.
  • [20] O. Gümüşçü, A. Uǧur, and T. Aygören, “Deforestation in Sixteenth Century Anatolia: The Case of Hüdavendi̇gar (Bursa) Sancak,” BELLETEN, vol. 78, no. 281, pp. 167–200, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.37879/BELLETEN.2014.167.
  • [21] A. V. Feigenbaum, Total Quality Control. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.
  • [22] Z. B. A. Aydın and V. S. A. Kargı, “İSTATİSTİKSEL KALİTE KONTROL TEKNİKLERİ İLE OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR UYGULAMA,” Yönetim ve Ekon. Araştırmaları Derg., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 41–63, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.11611/YEAD.332129.
  • [23] D. C. Montgomery, “Statistical quality control: a modern introduction,” Stat. Qual. Control, p. 380, 2013.
  • [24] W. A. Shewhart, “Quality Control Charts,” Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 593–603, Oct. 1926, doi: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1926.tb00125.x.
  • [25] L. S. Nelson, “SHEWHART CONTROL CHART - TESTS FOR SPECIAL CAUSES.,” J. Qual. Technol., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 237–239, 1984, doi: 10.1080/00224065.1984.11978921/ASSET//CMS/ASSET/ADFFBA2F-2BD3-4F76-843D-DE0E4E9F451E/00224065.1984.11978921.FP.PNG.
  • [26] “Turkish Statistical Institute,” 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do. [Accessed: 14-Dec-2018].
  • [27] Z. KARAKAYACI, “Tarım Arazilerinin Dışı Kullanımının Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Açısından Değerlendirilmesi,” Ziraat Mühendisliği, no. 355, pp. 48–53, Jul. 2010.
  • [28] F. Erdemli, “2023 Yılı Orman Yangınları,” 2023.
  • [29] “Sayıştay Denetim Raporu,” 2022.
  • [30] N. Kahyaoğlu, E. Güvendi, and M. H. Ertuğrul, “Türkiye’deki Orman Suçlarının Değerlendirilmesi,” Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Derg., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 115–123, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.55117/BUFBD.1025434.
  • [31] “İklim krizi: Türkiye’nin sera gazı salımları neden artıyor, tehlikeli F-gazları niçin kullanılıyor? - BBC News Türkçe.” [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cjkyzkvxvg1o. [Accessed: 05-Sep-2024].
  • [32] R. Kasarcı, “Türkiye’de Nüfus Gelişimi,” Türkiye Coğrafyası Araştırma ve Uygul. Merk. Derg., 1993.

Analyzing the Causes of Deforestation with Statistical Quality Control Methods in Turkey

Year 2024, Volume: 04 Issue: 02, 192 - 210, 31.12.2024

Melike Erdoğan , Rabia Torman

Abstract

The forests that cover the earth are the main source of everything for living things. The sustainability of forests is of great importance for ecosystems, biodiversity, erosion prevention, climate diversity, tourism, protection of global balance and water resources. Today, forests are subject to change and destruction among the resources on earth. As a result of human interventions and actions, forests are damaged unpredictably. With the combination of many reasons, the negative concept called deforestation has come to the agenda as an issue that is increasingly attracting attention today. Deforestation is a problem that should be discussed, studied and urgent solutions should be sought for Turkey. In this study, the causes of deforestation in Turkey are examined and analyzed using statistical quality control methods. In this context, the effects of agricultural activities, forest crimes, forest fires, global warming and climate change, urbanization and overpopulation on deforestation have been investigated. Whether the causes are statistically under control or not are analyzed, out-of-control points are identified with the help of control charts and suggestions are presented for the elimination of these causes. The causes of deforestation have been evaluated using MINITAB software with the help of systematic statistical quality control tools. With the effect of the study, it is aimed to develop awareness in cooperation with the authorities and society and to determine relevant actions to prevent deforestation. By identifying the reasons that cause most to deforestation, policies are revealed to eliminate the problem of deforestation in Turkey. With this paper, it is foreseen that the actions to be taken regarding deforestation in the forest area of Turkey will have an impact on the global forest area and will create an international awareness and example and will serve as a guiding study for decision-makers.

Keywords

Control Chart Deforestation Policy Development Statistical Quality Control

References

  • [1] “OGM | Anasayfa.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr. [Accessed: 05-Sep-2024].
  • [2] D. Tolunay, “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Ormansızlaşma, Ormancılık Politikaları ve Köylülerin Durumu,” 2017.
  • [3] “Status of the World’s Soil Resources: Main Report,” 2015.
  • [4] J. Podur, D. L. Martell, and K. Knight, “Statistical quality control analysis of forest fire activity in Canada,” https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-183, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 195–205, 2011, doi: 10.1139/X01-183.
  • [5] B. Hennemuth et al., “Statistical methods for the analysis of simulated and observed climate data, applied in projects and institutions dealing with climate change impact and adaptation,” 2012.
  • [6] H. B. Günşen and E. Atmiş, “Analysis of forest change and deforestation in Turkey,” Int. For. Rev., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 182–194, May 2019, doi: 10.1505/146554819826606577.
  • [7] B. Devecioğlu, A. Tolunay, and M. Özmış, “ORMANSIZLAŞMANIN ÖNLENMESİNE YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİN BELİRLENMESİ: ISPARTA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ,” Turkish J. For. Sci., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 115–128, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.32328/TURKJFORSCI.571026.
  • [8] S. Rehana and P. P. Mujumdar, “Climate change induced risk in water quality control problems,” J. Hydrol., vol. 444–445, pp. 63–77, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2012.03.042.
  • [9] Y. Kuvan, “Mass Tourism Development and Deforestation in Turkey,” Anatolia, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 155–168, 2010, doi: 10.1080/13032917.2010.9687096.
  • [10] H. E. Ünal, Ü. Birben, and F. Bolat, “Rural population mobility, deforestation, and urbanization: case of Turkey,” Environ. Monit. Assess., vol. 191, no. 1, pp. 1–12, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1007/S10661-018-7149-6/TABLES/9.
  • [11] Ü. Akkemik et al., “The archaeology of deforestation in south coastal Turkey,” Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 395–405, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1080/13504509.2012.684363.
  • [12] C. Telkenaroglu and M. Dikmen, “DEFORESTATION DUE to URBANIZATION: A CASE STUDY for TRABZON, TURKEY,” ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., vol. 4, no. 4W4, pp. 379–382, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.5194/ISPRS-ANNALS-IV-4-W4-379-2017.
  • [13] A. Sabuncu, “Monitoring Deforestation by Multitemporal Data Using Remote Sensing Technologies: A Case Study of Sinop-Turkey,” Fresenius Environ. Bull., 2020.
  • [14] A. Aydin CoŞkun and G. Gençay, “Kyoto Protocol and ‘deforestation’: A legal analysis on Turkish environment and forest legislation,” For. Policy Econ., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 366–377, Jun. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.FORPOL.2011.03.013.
  • [15] A. Colak, S. Kırca, I. Rotherham, and A. Ince, “Restoration and Rehabilitation of Deforested and Degraded Forest Landscapes in Turkey.,” p. 566, 2010.
  • [16] C. Gülser, İ. Ekberli, and F. Gülser, “Effects of deforestation on soil properties and organic carbon stock of a hillslope position land in Black Sea Region of Turkey,” Eurasian J. Soil Sci., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 278–284, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.18393/EJSS.942488.
  • [17] M. A. Zambrano-Monserrate, C. Carvajal-Lara, R. Urgilés-Sanchez, and M. A. Ruano, “Deforestation as an indicator of environmental degradation: Analysis of five European countries,” Ecol. Indic., vol. 90, pp. 1–8, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2018.02.049.
  • [18] M. D. Avşar, “K.Maraş-Elbistan Yöresinde Ormansızlaşma, Getirdiği Problemler ve Çözüm Önerileri,” KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Derg., Jan. 1997.
  • [19] E. Malkoç and E. Nurlu, “ORMAN PEYZAJINDA REDD EĞİLİM MODELLEMESİ: BOZDAĞ ÖRNEĞİ,” in 6. UZAKTAN ALGILAMA-CBS SEMPOZYUMU, 2016.
  • [20] O. Gümüşçü, A. Uǧur, and T. Aygören, “Deforestation in Sixteenth Century Anatolia: The Case of Hüdavendi̇gar (Bursa) Sancak,” BELLETEN, vol. 78, no. 281, pp. 167–200, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.37879/BELLETEN.2014.167.
  • [21] A. V. Feigenbaum, Total Quality Control. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.
  • [22] Z. B. A. Aydın and V. S. A. Kargı, “İSTATİSTİKSEL KALİTE KONTROL TEKNİKLERİ İLE OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR UYGULAMA,” Yönetim ve Ekon. Araştırmaları Derg., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 41–63, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.11611/YEAD.332129.
  • [23] D. C. Montgomery, “Statistical quality control: a modern introduction,” Stat. Qual. Control, p. 380, 2013.
  • [24] W. A. Shewhart, “Quality Control Charts,” Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 593–603, Oct. 1926, doi: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1926.tb00125.x.
  • [25] L. S. Nelson, “SHEWHART CONTROL CHART - TESTS FOR SPECIAL CAUSES.,” J. Qual. Technol., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 237–239, 1984, doi: 10.1080/00224065.1984.11978921/ASSET//CMS/ASSET/ADFFBA2F-2BD3-4F76-843D-DE0E4E9F451E/00224065.1984.11978921.FP.PNG.
  • [26] “Turkish Statistical Institute,” 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do. [Accessed: 14-Dec-2018].
  • [27] Z. KARAKAYACI, “Tarım Arazilerinin Dışı Kullanımının Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Açısından Değerlendirilmesi,” Ziraat Mühendisliği, no. 355, pp. 48–53, Jul. 2010.
  • [28] F. Erdemli, “2023 Yılı Orman Yangınları,” 2023.
  • [29] “Sayıştay Denetim Raporu,” 2022.
  • [30] N. Kahyaoğlu, E. Güvendi, and M. H. Ertuğrul, “Türkiye’deki Orman Suçlarının Değerlendirilmesi,” Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Derg., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 115–123, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.55117/BUFBD.1025434.
  • [31] “İklim krizi: Türkiye’nin sera gazı salımları neden artıyor, tehlikeli F-gazları niçin kullanılıyor? - BBC News Türkçe.” [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cjkyzkvxvg1o. [Accessed: 05-Sep-2024].
  • [32] R. Kasarcı, “Türkiye’de Nüfus Gelişimi,” Türkiye Coğrafyası Araştırma ve Uygul. Merk. Derg., 1993.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Industrial Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Melike Erdoğan 0000-0003-0329-8562

Rabia Torman 0009-0004-4609-4556

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date September 6, 2024
Acceptance Date December 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 04 Issue: 02

Cite

IEEE M. Erdoğan and R. Torman, “Analyzing the Causes of Deforestation with Statistical Quality Control Methods in Turkey”, Researcher, vol. 04, no. 02, pp. 192–210, 2024.
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The journal "Researcher: Social Sciences Studies" (RSSS), which started its publication life in 2013, continues its activities under the name of "Researcher" as of August 2020, under Ankara Bilim University.
It is an internationally indexed, nationally refereed, scientific and electronic journal that publishes original research articles aiming to contribute to the fields of Engineering and Science in 2021 and beyond.
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