Abstract
Dilbilim; ses, yapı ve anlam üçgeni içerisinde dilin bütünlerini ayrıntılarıyla incelemektedir. İncelemenin hareket noktası ses bölümüdür. Seslerin oluşturduğu anlamlı bütünler, yapısal birliktelikler oluşturarak üst yapıları ve anlamları meydana getirmektedir. Ses yapıları, belli kuram ve çalışmalar ışığında dilin hareketli yapısına eş bir biçimde bazen art zamanlı bazen de eş zamanlı olarak ele alınır. Çalışma, ses yapılarını ünlü uzamları esasında geçmişten günümüze belirlenen kuramlar çerçevesinde inceleme amacı taşımaktadır. Geçmişten günümüze bu konudaki ilk bu konudaki tespitlerin işitsel sesbilgisi ışığında gerçekleştiği bilinirken günümüzde ise teknoloji araçlarının sunduğu olanaklarla eklemleme ve işitsel çözümleme ile daha ayrıntılı sonuçlar elde edilebilmektedir. Ses ve ses yapıları dilbilim içerisinde “sesbilgisi (fonetik) ve sesbilim (fonoloji)” başlıkları altında incelenir. Dünya üzerinde konuşulan tüm dillerde ünlüler bulunur. Her bir dil sistemi içerisinde bu ünlülerin dağılımı ve sayısı birbirinden farklılıklar gösterir. Bunun ayırdına varan dilbilimciler özelde de sesbilimciler dünya dillerindeki ünlü yapılarını hem o dil içinde hem de diğer dillerle ilişkileri bakımından ele almıştır. Çıkan sonuçlar, bazı kuramların gelişmesini sağlayarak dil bütününün en temel verisi olan ünlüler için bizlere fikirler vermiştir. Çalışmada bu kuramların en bilinenleri ele alınarak Türkçedeki ünlü uzamı bu kuramlar çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte Türkçenin ünlü nitelikleri kadın ve erkek konuşurlara ait ses laboratuvarında alınan kayıtlar ışığında formant değerleriyle çalışmada sunulmuştur. Böylelikle Türkçenin ünlü uzamının nitelik bakımından görünümü çalışmayla vurgulanmaktadır.
Keywords
References
- Bell, A. M. (1867). Visible Speech. London, Methuen.....................
- Catford, J.C. (1988). A Practical Introduction to Phonetics. Oxford University Press.
- Flemming E. (1996). Evidence for constraints on contrast: The dispersion theory of contrast. Hsu, Chai Shune (ed.) UCLA Working Papers in Phonology 1.
- Flemming E. (1997). Phonetic Optimization: Compromise in Speech Production, University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics 5: Selected phonology papers from H-OT-97.
- Flemming E. (2001). Scalar and categorical phenomena in a unified model of phonetics and phonology. Phonology 18(1).
- Flemming E. (2011). The grammar of coarticulation (English draft). In M. Embarki and C. Dodane (eds.) La Coarticulation: Indices, Direction et Representation.
- Jones, D. (1956). Cardinal Vowels, Linguaphone Institute, London......................
- Jones, D. (1972). An Outline of English Phonetics (9th ed.). Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons Ltd
- Stevens, K.N. (1972). The quantal nature of speech: Evidence from articulatory-acoustic data. In Denes, P.B. and David Jr., E.E. (eds.), Human Communication, A Unified View, 51-66. New York, McGraw-Hill.
- Ladefoged, P. (1967). Three areas of experimental phonetics. London: Oxford Unv. Press
- Liljencrantz, J., & Lindblom, B. (1972). Numerical Simulation of Vowel Quality Systems, The Role of Perceptual Contrast. Language, 48, 839-862.
- Maddieson I., (2013b). Vowel quality inventories. M.S. Dryer and M. Haspelmath (Haz.), The World atlas of Language Structures Online içinde. Almanya: MAx-Planck-Institut für evolutionare Anthropologie.
- Maddieson I., (2013h). Front rounded vowels. M.S. Dryer and M. Haspelmath (Haz.), The World atlas of Language Structures Online içinde. Almanya: MAx-Planck-Institut für evolutionare Anthropologie.
- Peterson, G. E., ve Barney, H.L. (1952). Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24, 175-184
- Stevens, K.N. ; Keyser, S.J. and Kawasaki, H. (1986). Toward a Phonetic and Phonological Theory of Redundant Features, in Invariance and Variability in Speech Processes, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 426-463. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Stevens, K.N. (1989). On the quantal nature of speech. Journal of Phonetics 17, 3-46.
- Taylan, Erguvanlı, E. (2015). The Phonology And Morphology Of Turkish. İstanbul: Boğaziçi ünv. Yay.
- extension://ohfgljdgelakfkefopgklcohadegdpjf/https://web.stanford.edu/class/linguist205/index_files/Handout%208%20-%20QT%20&%20Adaptive%20Dispersion.pdf
- https://player.slideplayer.com/12/3511685/#...............................................
Abstract
Linguistics; examines the sound, structure, meaning and entirety of language within a comprehensive triangle. The starting point of the examination is the part of sound. The meaningful parts formed by the sounds constitute the superstructures and meanings by forming structural unities. Sound structures are discussed in the light of certain theories and studies in line with the dynamic structure of the language, in some cases concurrently and in some cases simultaneously. The study aims to examine the sound structures within the framework of the theories determined from the past to the present, based on vowel space. While it is known that the first determinations on this subject have been realized in the light of auditory phonetics from the past to the present, more detailed results can be obtained by articulation and auditory analysis with the possibilities offered by technological tools. Sound and sound structures are examined under the title of phonetics and phonology in linguistics. There are vowels in all languages spoken around the world. Within each linguistic system, the distribution and number of these vowels differ from each other. Linguists and phonologists in particular, who are aware of this, have discussed the vowel structures in world languages both within and in terms of their relations with other languages. The results by providing the development of some theories brought out some new ideas about the vowels, which are the most basic data of a whole language. In this study, the most well-known of these theories are considered and the vowel space in Turkish has been evaluated within the framework of these theories. In addition, the qualities of vowles in Turkish are presented in the study with formant values in the light of the recordings taken in a sound laboratory of male and female speakers. Thus, the view of the vowel space of Turkish in terms of quality is emphasized by the study.
References
- Bell, A. M. (1867). Visible Speech. London, Methuen.....................
- Catford, J.C. (1988). A Practical Introduction to Phonetics. Oxford University Press.
- Flemming E. (1996). Evidence for constraints on contrast: The dispersion theory of contrast. Hsu, Chai Shune (ed.) UCLA Working Papers in Phonology 1.
- Flemming E. (1997). Phonetic Optimization: Compromise in Speech Production, University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics 5: Selected phonology papers from H-OT-97.
- Flemming E. (2001). Scalar and categorical phenomena in a unified model of phonetics and phonology. Phonology 18(1).
- Flemming E. (2011). The grammar of coarticulation (English draft). In M. Embarki and C. Dodane (eds.) La Coarticulation: Indices, Direction et Representation.
- Jones, D. (1956). Cardinal Vowels, Linguaphone Institute, London......................
- Jones, D. (1972). An Outline of English Phonetics (9th ed.). Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons Ltd
- Stevens, K.N. (1972). The quantal nature of speech: Evidence from articulatory-acoustic data. In Denes, P.B. and David Jr., E.E. (eds.), Human Communication, A Unified View, 51-66. New York, McGraw-Hill.
- Ladefoged, P. (1967). Three areas of experimental phonetics. London: Oxford Unv. Press
- Liljencrantz, J., & Lindblom, B. (1972). Numerical Simulation of Vowel Quality Systems, The Role of Perceptual Contrast. Language, 48, 839-862.
- Maddieson I., (2013b). Vowel quality inventories. M.S. Dryer and M. Haspelmath (Haz.), The World atlas of Language Structures Online içinde. Almanya: MAx-Planck-Institut für evolutionare Anthropologie.
- Maddieson I., (2013h). Front rounded vowels. M.S. Dryer and M. Haspelmath (Haz.), The World atlas of Language Structures Online içinde. Almanya: MAx-Planck-Institut für evolutionare Anthropologie.
- Peterson, G. E., ve Barney, H.L. (1952). Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24, 175-184
- Stevens, K.N. ; Keyser, S.J. and Kawasaki, H. (1986). Toward a Phonetic and Phonological Theory of Redundant Features, in Invariance and Variability in Speech Processes, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 426-463. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Stevens, K.N. (1989). On the quantal nature of speech. Journal of Phonetics 17, 3-46.
- Taylan, Erguvanlı, E. (2015). The Phonology And Morphology Of Turkish. İstanbul: Boğaziçi ünv. Yay.
- extension://ohfgljdgelakfkefopgklcohadegdpjf/https://web.stanford.edu/class/linguist205/index_files/Handout%208%20-%20QT%20&%20Adaptive%20Dispersion.pdf
- https://player.slideplayer.com/12/3511685/#...............................................
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Linguistics |
| Journal Section | Turkish language, culture and literature |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 21, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Issue: Ö7 |
