COVID-19 and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Abstract

COVID-19 disease ,which has been seen first, in City Wuhan of Hubei Province of China ,with it’s etiology,contamination route and treatment options continues to being the main topic of the World. Because of it’s severe form ,necessitating intensive care facilities, COVID-19 disease is the main subject of different investigations. During the course of COVID-19 infection, symptoms of macrophage activation syndrome/secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiotosis (MAS/sHLH) may develop, characterized by cytokin storm due to excessive inflammatory response. In this article the relation of COVID-19 diasease with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis is discussed.

Keywords

• COVID-19,HLH,Cytokine storm

COVID-19 ve Hemofagositik Lenfohistiyositoz

Abstract

Ocak 2020 başından beri önce Çin’in Hubei Eyaleti Wuhan Kentinde ortaya çıkan ve COVID-19 diye adlandırılan hastalık, nedeni, bulaşma şekli ve tedavi seçenekleri ile dünya kamuoyunu yoğun bir şekilde meşgul etmektedir.Yüzde 20 oranında ciddi seyreden hastalıkta, mortalite %2-3 civarındadır. Ancak bu hastalık son döneminde yoğun bakım şartları gerektiren ağır formu nedeniyle yoğun araştırma konusudur. COVID-19 enfeksiyonun seyri sırasında aşırı enflamatuvar yanıta bağlı sitokin fırtınası ile karakterize makrofaj aktivasyonu sendromu/sekonder Hemofagositik Lenfohistiyotoz (MAS/sHLH) bulguları gelişebilir. Bu makalede COVID-19 hastalığının HLH ile olan ilişkisi derlenmiştir

Keywords

• COVID-19,HLH,Sitokin fırtınası

References

1. 1. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W Li X, Yang B, Song J ;et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China,2019.N Eng J Med 2020;382(8):727-33. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMoa2001017.
2. 2. World Health Organization Press Conference. The World Health Organization (WHO) Has Officially Named the Disease Caused by the Coronvirus as COVID-19. Available online: https://www.who.int/emergencies/Novelcoronavirus-2019(accessed on 11 February 2020.
3. 3. Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RC, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: The species and its viruses – a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. bioRxiv February 11, 2020. doi:  https://doi. org/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862
4. 4. Jin Y, Yung H, Ji W, Wu W, Chen S, Zang W. et al. Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19. Viruses.  2020 Mar 27;12(4). pii: E372. doi: 10.3390/v12040372..
5. 5. T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı ,Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü ,COVİD-19 (SARS – CoV2) Enfeksiyon Rehberi, 25 Mart 2020.
6. 6. Mason RJ. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biologic perspective. Eur Respir J 2020 Apr 9 : 2000607. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00607-2020 [Epub ahead of print]
7. 7. Barnes BJ, Adrover JM, Baxter-Stoltzfus A, Borczuk A, Cools-Lartigue J, Crawford JM; et al. Targeting potential drivers of COVİD19:Neutrophil extracellular traps J.Exp.Med 2020;217(6). pii: e20200652. doi: 10.1084/ jem.20200652.
8. 8. Canna SW, Marsh RA. Pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood 2020;135(16):1332-43.

9. 9. Mehta P, Mc Auley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tottersall RS, Manson JJ., et al.COVİD-19 :consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunusupression. Lancet 2020;395(100229):1033-4.
10. 10. Apak Belen FB, Sarialioğlu F. The old but new: Can unfractioned heparin and low molecular weight heparins inhibit proteolytic activation and cellular internalization of SARS-CoV2 by inhibition of host cell proteases? Medical Hypoteses 2020 Sep;142: 109743. doi: 10.1016/j. mehy.2020.109743
11. 11. Mc Gonagle D,Sharif K, O’Regan A, Bridgewood C. The role of cytokines including Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced Pneumonia and Macrophage Activation Syndrome-Like Disease. Autoimmun Rev.  2020 Apr 3: 102537. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102537. [Epub ahead of print]
12. 12. Richardson P, Aggarwal S, Topaloglu O, F.Villa K, Corbacioglu S. Systematic review of defibrotide studies in the treatment of veno-occlusive disease/ sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) . Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019;54(12):1951-62. doi: 10.1038/s41409-019-0474-8.