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COVID-19 Epidemiyolojisi

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: S1, 1 - 13, 15.05.2020

Abstract

31 Aralık 2019'da Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO), Çin'in Hubei Eyaleti, Wuhan Şehrinde tespit edilen nedeni bilinmeyen pnömoni vakalarından oluşan bir küme hakkında bilgilendirildi. 12 Ocak 2020'de vakalardan elde edilen örneklerde yeni bir koronavirüs tespit edildiği ve virüs genetik dizi analizi sonucunda, salgının virüs nedenli olduğunu açıklandı. Bu virüs SARS-CoV-2 ve buna bağlı hastalık COVID-19 olarak adlandırıldı. 26 Nisan 2020 itibariyle, Dünya genelinde 210 Ülke 203 binden den fazla ölümle birlikte 2.9 milyondan fazla vaka teşhis edilmiştir. Ülkemizde Sağlık Bakanlığı yoğun çalışmaları neticesinde vakaların izolasyonu ve yakın temaslıların karantinası ile birlikte epidemiyolojik araştırmalar yoluyla COVID-19'un yayılmasını kontrol altına almaya çalışmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, olası yayılma derecesini belirlemek için yetersiz epidemiyolojik veriler çalışmalar süreci zorlaştırmaktadır. Olası bulaşma noktaları epidemiyolojik araştırmalarla retrospektif olarak tanımlansa bile, epidemiyolojik araştırmaların desteklenmesinde kullanımını göstermede önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Korunma ve hafifletme önlemleri yoğunlaşırken, hastalığın tedavisi konusunda farmakolojik bileşikler geliştirilirken, COVID-19 yayılmaya devam etmektedir. Bu makalede COVID-19 ile ilgili güncel verilerin tanımlayıcı araştırmalar çerçevesinde kişi yer, zaman özellikleri açısından kısa bir incelemesi sunulmaktadır.

References

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Epidemiology of COVID-19

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: S1, 1 - 13, 15.05.2020

Abstract

On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed about a cluster of unknown causes of pneumonia detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On January 12, 2020, a new coronavirus was detected in samples from cases, and the first analysis of virus genetic sequences suggested that this was the cause of the epidemic. This virus was called SARS-CoV-2 and associated disease COVID-19. As of April 26, 2020, more than 2.9 million cases were identified, with more than 203 000 deaths from 210 countries worldwide. As a result of the intensive studies of the Ministry of Health in our country, it is trying to control the spread of COVID-19 through the isolation of cases and quarantine of close contacts, through epidemiological research. However, insufficient epidemiological data to determine the degree of possible spread make studies more difficult (complicate the studies) . Although possible points of contamination have been identified retrospectively by epidemiological research, they have played an important role in demonstrating their use in supporting epidemiological research. COVID-19 continues to spread, while pharmacological compounds are being developed in the treatment of the disease, and while prevention and mitigation measures are intensifying. In this article (research), a brief review of current data about COVID-19 in terms of person-place and time characteristics is presented within the framework of descriptive studies

References

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  • 3. Bulut C , Kato Y. Epidemiology of COVID-19 Turk J Med Sci 2020;50:563-70.
  • 4. Ramirez VB : What is R0? Gauging Contagious infections. https://www.healthline.com/health /r-nought-reproduction-number: Erişim 20.04.2020
  • 5. Sanche S , Lin YT, Xu C, Romero-Severson E, Hengartner NW et al. The novel coronavirus, 2019nCoV, is highly contagious and more infectious than initially estimated. MedRxiv 2020. https:// doi. org/10.1101/2020.02.07.20021154.
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  • 7. World Health Organization (2020). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 (online). Website https:// www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-directorgeneral-s-opening-remarks-at-the-mediabriefing-on-covid-19.
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  • 14. Chen W, Lan Y, Yuan X, et al. Detectable 2019nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020;9:469.
  • 15. Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, et al. Detection of SARSCoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens. JAMA 2020. JAMA. 2020 Mar 11. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2020.3786. [Epub ahead of print]
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  • 17. Cheung KS, Hung IF, Chan PP, et al. Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from the Hong Kong Cohort and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2020.
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  • 22. Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1177.
  • 23. To KK, Tsang OT, Leung WS, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020.
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  • 26. Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany. N Engl J Med 2020;382:970.
  • 27. Kupferschmidt K. Study claiming new coronavirus can be transmitted by people without symptoms was flawed. Science. February 3, 2020. https://www. sciencemag.org/news/2020/02/paper-nonsymptomatic-patient-transmitting-coronaviruswrong (Erişim 04.02.2020).
  • 28. Yu P, Zhu J, Zhang Z, et al. A familial cluster of infection associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating potential person-toperson transmission during the incubation period. J Infect Dis 2020.
  • 29. Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, et al. Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19. JAMA 2020. JAMA. 2020 Feb 21. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2565. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 30. Hu Z, Song C, Xu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China. Sci China Life Sci 2020.
  • 31. Qian G, Yang N, Ma AHY, et al. A COVID-19 Transmission within a family cluster by presymptomatic infectors in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 23. pii: ciaa316. doi: 10.1093/cid/ ciaa316. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 32. Wei WE, Li Z, Chiew CJ, et al. Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 — Singapore, January 23–March 16, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020.
  • 33. Li Z, Yi Y, Luo X, et al. Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis. J Med Virol. 2020 Feb 27. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25727. [Epub ahead of print]
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  • 36. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):10541062. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
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  • 38. Xiao AT, Tong YX, Zhang S. Profile of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary study from 56 COVID-19 patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 19. pii: ciaa460. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa460. [Epub ahead of print]
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  • 41. Kakimoto K, Kamiya H, Yamagishi T, et al. Initial Investigation of Transmission of COVID-19 Among Crew Members During Quarantine of a Cruise Ship - Yokohama, Japan, February 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:312.
  • 42. Burke RM, Midgley CM, Dratch A, et al. Active Monitoring of Persons Exposed to Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 - United States, JanuaryFebruary 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:245.
  • 43. COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center, Epidemiology and Case Management Team, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronavirus Disease-19: Summary of 2,370 Contact Investigations of the First 30 Cases in the Republic of Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020 Apr;11(2):81-84. doi: 10.24171/j. phrp.2020.11.2.04.
  • 44. Ghinai I, Woods S, Ritger KA, et al. Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at Two Family Gatherings . Chicago, Illinois, February–March 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 17;69(15):446-450. doi: 10.15585/mmwr. mm6915e1.
  • 45. Pung R, Chiew CJ, Young BE, et al. Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures. Lancet 2020;395:1039.
  • 46. Ong SWX, Tan YK, Chia PY, et al. Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient. JAMA. 2020 Mar 4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3227. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 47. Liu Y, Yan LM, Wan L, Xiang TX, Le A et al. Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2020; pii: S14733099(20)30232-2. doi: 10.1016/S1473- 3099(20)30232-2
  • 48. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020; 323(13): 1239-42. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648
  • 49. Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L et al. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARSCoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy. JAMA. 2020; April 6, (Epub ahead of print). doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5394
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toxicology, Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Halim İşsever This is me 0000-0002-5435-706X

Tuğçe İşsever This is me 0000-0002-9059-8709

Gözde Öztan This is me 0000-0002-2970-1834

Publication Date May 15, 2020
Submission Date April 20, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: S1

Cite

MLA İşsever, Halim et al. “COVID-19 Epidemiyolojisi”. Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 3, no. S1, 2020, pp. 1-13.