COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF GAMMA CAMERAS WITH SCINTILLATION NaI(TI) AND SEMICONDUCTOR CdZnTe DETECTORS
Abstract
Objective: In recent years, gamma cameras with semiconductor detectors (CdZnTe) have entered routine practise diagnostic scintigraphic imaging in nuclear medicine. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance characteristics of a gamma camera with a semiconductor detector (CdZnTe) and a conventional gamma camera with a NaI(Tl) detector.
Material and Methods: In our experimental studies, spatial resolution, energy resolution, and linearity tests were performed using 3 capillary tubes of the same length and thickness, into which the Tc-99m radioisotope with different activities was placed. Sensitivity tests were performed by placing Tc-99m in a plastic Petri dish with a diameter of 3 cm. Scintigraphic images of the capillary tubes and the Petri dish were taken with both gamma cameras under equal geometric conditions. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn on the images. The activity amount corresponding to the counts in the ROI was determined.
Results: The spatial resolution, energy resolution, and sensitivity values of the gamma camera with the CdZnTe detector and the gamma camera with NaI(Tl) detector are respectively: 7.16 mm, 5.1% and 17.5 cps/µCi for CdZnTe, and 13.2 mm, 9.4% and 3.9 cps/µCi for NaI(Tl) µCi respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results of our study, it was concluded that the energy resolution, spatial resolution, sensitivity, and linearity properties of the gamma camera with the semiconductor CdZnTe detector are superior to those of the gamma camera with the NaI(Tl) detector.
References
- 1. National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Performance Measurements of Gamma Cameras NEMA NU 1-2018. Rosslyn, VA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association. google scholar
- 2. Koppert WJ, Dietze MM, Van der Velden S, Steenbergen JL, De Jong HW. A comparative study of NaI (Tl), CeBr3, and CZT for use in a real-time simultaneous nuclear and fluoroscopic dual-layer detector. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2019;64(13):135012. google scholar
- 3. Verger L, Gentet MC, Gerfault L, Guillemaud R, Mestais C, Monnet O, et al. Performance and perspectives of a CdZnTe-based gamma camera for medical imaging. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2004;51(6):3111-7. google scholar
- 4. Amrami R, Shani G, Hefetz Y, Blevis I, Pansky A. A comparison between the performance of a pixellated CdZnTe based gamma camera and Anger NaI (TI) scintillator gamma camera. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2000;1:352-5. google scholar
- 5. Zheng X, Cheng Z, Deen MJ, Peng H. Improving the spatial resolution in CZT detectors using charge sharing effect and transient signal analysis: Simulation study. NIMA 2016;808:60-70. google scholar
- 6. Montemont G, Lux S, Monnet O, Stanchina S, Verger L. Studying spatial resolution of CZT detectors using sub-pixel positioning for SPECT. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2014;61(5):2559-66. google scholar
- 7. Coman E, Brewster MW, Popuri SK, Andrew MR, Matthias KG. A comparative evaluation of Matlab, Octave, FreeMat, Scilab, R, and IDL on Tara. 2012 Oct. Technical Report HPCF-2012-15. google scholar
- 8. Barber H B. Applications of semiconductor detectors to nuclear medicine. NIMA 1999;436(1-2):102-10. google scholar
- 9. Agostinelli S, Allison J, Amako K, Apostolakis J, Araujo H, Arce P, et al. A comparative evaluation of Matlab, Octave, FreeMat, Scilab, R, and IDL on Tara. NIMA 2003;506:250-303. google scholar
- 10. Gal O, Gmar M, Ivanov OP, Laine F, Lamadie F, Le Goaller C, et al. Development of a portable gamma camera with coded aperture, nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section a: accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment. NIMA 2006;563(1):233-7. google scholar
- 11. Agostini D, Marie PY, Ben-Haim S, Rouzet F, Songy B, Giordano A, et al. Performance of cardiac cadmium-zinc-telluride gamma camera imaging in coronary artery disease: A review from the Cardiovascular Committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). EJNMMI 2016;43(13):2423-32. google scholar
- 12. Hugg J, Harris B, Tomita H. Evaluation of CZT Gamma Cameras for Human SPECT and Small FOV Imaging. J Nuclear Med 2018;59(supplement 1):220. google scholar
- 13. Abe A, Takahashi N, Lee J, Oka T, Shizukuishi K, Kikuchi T, et al. Performance evaluation of a hand-held, semiconductor (CdZnTe)-based gamma camera. Eur J Nuclear Med Molecular Imaging 2003;30(6):805-11. google scholar
- 14. Wagenaar D J, Parnham K, Sundal B, Maehlum G, Chowdhury S, Meier D, et al. Advantages of semiconductor CZT for medical imaging. In Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications 2007;6707:144-53. google scholar
NaI(TI) SİNTİLASYON VE CdZnTe YARI İLETKEN DEDEKTÖRLÜ GAMA KAMERALARIN PERFORMANS ÖZELLİKLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Abstract
Amaç: Son yıllarda yarı iletken dedektörlere (CdZnTe) sahip gama kameralar, nükleer tıpta tanısal sintigrafik görüntülemede rutin uygulamaya girmiştir. Bu çalışmasında, yarı iletken dedektörlü (CdZnTe) bir gama kamera ile NaI(Tl) dedektörlü konvansiyonel bir gama kameranın performans özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Deneysel çalışmalarımızda, farklı aktivitelerde Tc-99m radyoizotopu yerleştirilen aynı uzunluk ve kalınlığa sahip 3 kapiller tüp kullanılarak uzaysal çözünürlük, enerji çözünürlüğü ve doğrusal testler yapılmıştır. Duyarlılık testleri ise 3 cm çapında plastik petri kabına yerleştirilen Tc-99m ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kapiler tüplerin ve petri kabının sintigrafik görüntüleri her iki gama kamera ile eşit geometrik koşullar altında alınmıştır. Görüntüler üzerinde ilgi bölgeleri (ROI) çizilmiştir. ROI’deki sayımlara karşılık gelen aktivite miktarı belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular: CdZnTe dedektörlü gama kamera ile NaI(Tl) dedektörlü gama kameranın uzaysal çözünürlük, enerji çözünürlüğü ve duyarlılık değerleri sırasıyla; CdZnTe için 7,16 mm, %5,1 ve 17,5 cps/µCi, NaI(Tl) için ise 13,2 mm, %9,4 ve 3,9 cps/µCi olarak bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre, yarı iletken CdZnTe dedektörlü gama kameranın enerji çözünürlüğü, uzaysal çözünürlüğü, duyarlılığı ve doğrusal özelliklerinin NaI(Tl) dedektörlü gama kameraya göre üstün olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
References
- 1. National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Performance Measurements of Gamma Cameras NEMA NU 1-2018. Rosslyn, VA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association. google scholar
- 2. Koppert WJ, Dietze MM, Van der Velden S, Steenbergen JL, De Jong HW. A comparative study of NaI (Tl), CeBr3, and CZT for use in a real-time simultaneous nuclear and fluoroscopic dual-layer detector. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2019;64(13):135012. google scholar
- 3. Verger L, Gentet MC, Gerfault L, Guillemaud R, Mestais C, Monnet O, et al. Performance and perspectives of a CdZnTe-based gamma camera for medical imaging. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2004;51(6):3111-7. google scholar
- 4. Amrami R, Shani G, Hefetz Y, Blevis I, Pansky A. A comparison between the performance of a pixellated CdZnTe based gamma camera and Anger NaI (TI) scintillator gamma camera. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2000;1:352-5. google scholar
- 5. Zheng X, Cheng Z, Deen MJ, Peng H. Improving the spatial resolution in CZT detectors using charge sharing effect and transient signal analysis: Simulation study. NIMA 2016;808:60-70. google scholar
- 6. Montemont G, Lux S, Monnet O, Stanchina S, Verger L. Studying spatial resolution of CZT detectors using sub-pixel positioning for SPECT. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2014;61(5):2559-66. google scholar
- 7. Coman E, Brewster MW, Popuri SK, Andrew MR, Matthias KG. A comparative evaluation of Matlab, Octave, FreeMat, Scilab, R, and IDL on Tara. 2012 Oct. Technical Report HPCF-2012-15. google scholar
- 8. Barber H B. Applications of semiconductor detectors to nuclear medicine. NIMA 1999;436(1-2):102-10. google scholar
- 9. Agostinelli S, Allison J, Amako K, Apostolakis J, Araujo H, Arce P, et al. A comparative evaluation of Matlab, Octave, FreeMat, Scilab, R, and IDL on Tara. NIMA 2003;506:250-303. google scholar
- 10. Gal O, Gmar M, Ivanov OP, Laine F, Lamadie F, Le Goaller C, et al. Development of a portable gamma camera with coded aperture, nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section a: accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment. NIMA 2006;563(1):233-7. google scholar
- 11. Agostini D, Marie PY, Ben-Haim S, Rouzet F, Songy B, Giordano A, et al. Performance of cardiac cadmium-zinc-telluride gamma camera imaging in coronary artery disease: A review from the Cardiovascular Committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). EJNMMI 2016;43(13):2423-32. google scholar
- 12. Hugg J, Harris B, Tomita H. Evaluation of CZT Gamma Cameras for Human SPECT and Small FOV Imaging. J Nuclear Med 2018;59(supplement 1):220. google scholar
- 13. Abe A, Takahashi N, Lee J, Oka T, Shizukuishi K, Kikuchi T, et al. Performance evaluation of a hand-held, semiconductor (CdZnTe)-based gamma camera. Eur J Nuclear Med Molecular Imaging 2003;30(6):805-11. google scholar
- 14. Wagenaar D J, Parnham K, Sundal B, Maehlum G, Chowdhury S, Meier D, et al. Advantages of semiconductor CZT for medical imaging. In Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications 2007;6707:144-53. google scholar
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Nuclear Medicine |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 30, 2024 |
| Submission Date | January 23, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | September 9, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 3 |
