Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Fransa Dış Politikasında Koruma Sorumluluğu Kavramının Yeri

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 121 - 136, 11.09.2024

Abstract

İnsani müdahale kavramı Soğuk Savaş’ın bitişini müteakip, uluslararası toplumun gündemindeki öncelikli meselelerden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu kavramın insani krizler karşısında etkili bir şekilde düzenlenebilmesi için uluslararası hukukta gerekli düzenlemelerin yapılması adına Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) nezdinde çeşitli adımlar atılmıştır. Son olarak koruma sorumluluğunun (R2P) hukuki zemininin oluşturulması söz konusu olmuştur. Fransa, bu minvalde atılan adımlara destek vermiştir. Verilen bu destek, mevcut yazında Fransa’nın yeni sömürgeci bir yaklaşım ile eski sömürgelerine müdahale etme hedefini güttüğü üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu görüşün doğruluk payı olmakla birlikte insani müdahale kavramına destek vermesinin, Fransa’nın uluslararası ilişkilerde düştüğü orta ölçekli güç konumundan çıkış hedefi ile olan bağlantısını ihmal ettiğini ifade etmek mümkündür. Bu bağlamda makale amacı Fransa’nın dış politikasına tarihin her döneminde yön veren Fransa’nın istisnailiği ve büyüklüğü yaklaşımlarının, insani müdahale ve R2P kavramlarının sahiplenilmesindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Bunun için Soğuk Savaş’ın bitişinden itibaren Fransa dış politikasındaki dönüşüm, süreç takibi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Fransa Cumhurbaşkanları tarafından dış politikadaki dönüşümlere ve yeni dış politika anlayışlarına işaret eden ifadeler, söylem analiziyle incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuç olarak Fransa’nın istisnailiğine ilişkin algının, büyüklük arayışı ile bütünleşik bir şekilde Fransa’nın dış politikasına yön verdiği; insani müdahale kavramının ise Fransa dış politikasının somut nesnesi haline getirildiği savunulmuştur.

Abstract
The concept of humanitarian intervention has become one of the priority issues on the agenda of the international community following the end of the Cold War. In order to regulate this concept effectively in the face of humanitarian crises, various steps have been taken by the United Nations (UN) to make the necessary regulations in international law. Finally, the legal basis for the responsibility to protect (R2P) has been established. France supported the steps taken in this regard. In the current literature this support is perceived as if France aims to intervene in its former colonies with a neo-colonial approach. Although it is correct to declare that to some extent, it neglects the connection with the France’s goal of getting out of its mid-sized power position in international relations. In this context, the aim of the article is to examine the impact of France’s exceptionalism and greatness approaches, which have guided France's foreign policy throughout the history, on the adoption of the concepts of humanitarian intervention and R2P. For this purpose, the transformation in French foreign policy since the end of the Cold War has been examined by process tracing method. Statements made by French Presidents that underline transformations in foreign policy and new foreign policy understandings were examined through discourse analysis. As a result, the perception of France’s exceptionalism, integrated with the search for greatness, shapes France's foreign policy. And it has been argued that the concept of humanitarian intervention has become a concrete object of French foreign policy.

References

  • Allen, T., & Styan, D. (2000). A Right to Interfere? Bernard Kouchner and new Humanitarianism. Journal of International Development, 825-842.
  • Aurora Humanitarian Initiative. (2019). Bernard Kouchner. Erişim adresi: https://auroraprize.com/en/bernard-kouchner
  • Bayıllıoğlu, U. (2016). İnsani Müdahale Çıkmazından Çıkış Arayışı: Koruma Sorumluluğu: Libya ve Suriye Örnek(Sizlik)leriyle, Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Berman, E. G. (2002). French, UK, and US Policies to Support Peacekeeping in Africa: Current Status and Future Prospects, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 622, 45.
  • Birchall, I. H. (1973). Gaullism in Retrospect. International Socialism, 17-18.
  • Chafer, T., & Godin, E. (Eds.). (2005). The French Exception. Berghahn Books, 3-47. france.gouv.fr. (2015). What France achieved, La France et le Traité sur la non-prolifération des armes nucléaires: De l’engagement aux actes. Erişim adresi: https://www.francetnp.gouv.fr/what-france-achieved?lang=fr#:~:text=France%20announced%20the%20definitive%20end,Treaty%20(CTBT)%20in%201998. Ertuğrul, Ü. E. (2016). Koruma Sorumluluğu: İnsani Müdahaleyi Makyajlamak. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi, 441-470.
  • France Diplomacy. (2023). Why France wishes to regulate use of the veto in the United Nations Security Council. France Diplomacy, Erişim adresi: https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/france-and-the-united-nations/france-and-the-united-nations/france-and-the-united-nations-security-council/why-france-wishes-to-regulate-use-of-the-veto-in-the-united-nations-security-65315/#:~:text=
  • Goldstein, J. S. (2015). Uluslararası İlişkiler, BB101 Yayınları.
  • Gordon, P. H. (1992). French Security Policy After The Cold War: Continuity, Change, and Implications for The United States. Rand.
  • Guillot, P. (1994). France, Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Intervention, International Peacekeeping, 1(1), 30–43, https://doi.org/10.1080/13533319408413490
  • Evans, G., Sahnoun, M. (Eds.). (2001). The responsibility to protect: report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, Erişim adresi: https://www.globalr2p.org/resources/the-responsibility-to-protect-report-of-the-international-commission-on-intervention-and-state-sovereignty-2001/
  • Jeangene-Vilmer, J.-B. (2012). De la mythologie française du droit d’ingérence à la responsabilité de protéger: Une clarification terminologique, AFRI XIII, 81-100.
  • Jones, B., Eriksson, J. R., Wohlgemuth, L., Knapp, C., Villumstad, S., Tardif-Douglin, D., (Eds.). (1996). The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from The Rwanda Experience. Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda. Erişim adresi: https://www.oecd.org/derec/unitedstates/50189764.pdf
  • Kırdım, Ş. E. (2017). A Neo-Realist Case Study of U.N.-Authorized Humanitarian Interventions in The Post-Cold War World. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 615–632.
  • Lecoq, T. (2012). La France et sa défense depuis la fin de la Guerre froide: Éléments de réflexion sur la réforme comme chantier permanent, Outre-Terre, 33-34(3), 449–469. https://doi.org/10.3917/oute.033.0449
  • Pazarcı, H. (2022). Uluslararası Hukuk, Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Putra, B. A., & Cangara, A. R. (2019). Invoking the Responsibility to Protect: The Derogation of Its Principles and Implementation. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 4(3), 56–65.
  • Rathbun, B. C. (2019). Partisan Interventions: European Party Politics and Peace Enforcement in the Balkans. Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501729621
  • Représentation permanente de la France auprès des Nations Unies à New York. (2023). 5 choses à savoir sur la France et le veto. Erişim adresi https://onu.delegfrance.org/5-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-france-et-le-veto
  • Seyedfarshi, A. (2015). French Interventionism in the Age of R2P: A Critical Examination of the Case of Mali. Creighton International and Comparative Law Journal, 7(1), 2–36.
  • Shampo, M. A., & Kyle, R. A. (2011). Bernard Kouchner-Founder of Doctors Without Borders. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.4065%2Fmcp.2010.0796
  • Simeon, J. C. (2017). A New Protection Orientation and Framework for Refugees and Other Forced Migrants. Laws, 6(4), 1–24.
  • Sıradağ, A. (2014). Understanding French Foreign and Security Policy towards Africa: Pragmatism or Altruism. Afro Eurasian Studies, 3(1), 100–122.
  • Soutou, G.-H. (2023). La fin de la guerre froide a laissé la France sans politique extérieure réellement cohérente. LaCroix. Erişim adresi: https://www.la-croix.com/Debats/fin-guerre-froide-laisse-France-sans-politique-exterieure-reellement-coherente-2023-05-23-1201268509
  • Stark, A. (2011). The R2P: Challenges and Opportunities in Light of the Libyan Intervention, e-International Relations, 36-42. Erişim adresi: https://www.e-ir.info/publication/the-r2p-challenges-and-opportunities-in-light-of-the-libyan-intervention/
  • Staunton, E. (2018). France and the Responsibility to Protect: A Tale of Two Norms. International Relations, 32(3), 366–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117818773857
  • Tardy, T. (1999). French Policy Towards Peace Support Operations. International Peacekeeping, 6(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533319908413757
  • United Nations. (1945). United Nations Charter (Full Text). United Nations. Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text
  • Vaisse, J. (2008). A Gaullist By Any Other Name. Survival, 50(3), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396330802173040
  • Viotti, P. R., & Kauppi, M. V. (2014). Uluslararası ilişkiler ve dünya siyaseti = International relations and world politics. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Yalçınkaya, H. (2008). Savaş Uluslararası İlişkilerde Kuvvet Kullanımı, İmge Kitabevi
Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 121 - 136, 11.09.2024

Abstract

References

  • Allen, T., & Styan, D. (2000). A Right to Interfere? Bernard Kouchner and new Humanitarianism. Journal of International Development, 825-842.
  • Aurora Humanitarian Initiative. (2019). Bernard Kouchner. Erişim adresi: https://auroraprize.com/en/bernard-kouchner
  • Bayıllıoğlu, U. (2016). İnsani Müdahale Çıkmazından Çıkış Arayışı: Koruma Sorumluluğu: Libya ve Suriye Örnek(Sizlik)leriyle, Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Berman, E. G. (2002). French, UK, and US Policies to Support Peacekeeping in Africa: Current Status and Future Prospects, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 622, 45.
  • Birchall, I. H. (1973). Gaullism in Retrospect. International Socialism, 17-18.
  • Chafer, T., & Godin, E. (Eds.). (2005). The French Exception. Berghahn Books, 3-47. france.gouv.fr. (2015). What France achieved, La France et le Traité sur la non-prolifération des armes nucléaires: De l’engagement aux actes. Erişim adresi: https://www.francetnp.gouv.fr/what-france-achieved?lang=fr#:~:text=France%20announced%20the%20definitive%20end,Treaty%20(CTBT)%20in%201998. Ertuğrul, Ü. E. (2016). Koruma Sorumluluğu: İnsani Müdahaleyi Makyajlamak. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi, 441-470.
  • France Diplomacy. (2023). Why France wishes to regulate use of the veto in the United Nations Security Council. France Diplomacy, Erişim adresi: https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/france-and-the-united-nations/france-and-the-united-nations/france-and-the-united-nations-security-council/why-france-wishes-to-regulate-use-of-the-veto-in-the-united-nations-security-65315/#:~:text=
  • Goldstein, J. S. (2015). Uluslararası İlişkiler, BB101 Yayınları.
  • Gordon, P. H. (1992). French Security Policy After The Cold War: Continuity, Change, and Implications for The United States. Rand.
  • Guillot, P. (1994). France, Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Intervention, International Peacekeeping, 1(1), 30–43, https://doi.org/10.1080/13533319408413490
  • Evans, G., Sahnoun, M. (Eds.). (2001). The responsibility to protect: report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, Erişim adresi: https://www.globalr2p.org/resources/the-responsibility-to-protect-report-of-the-international-commission-on-intervention-and-state-sovereignty-2001/
  • Jeangene-Vilmer, J.-B. (2012). De la mythologie française du droit d’ingérence à la responsabilité de protéger: Une clarification terminologique, AFRI XIII, 81-100.
  • Jones, B., Eriksson, J. R., Wohlgemuth, L., Knapp, C., Villumstad, S., Tardif-Douglin, D., (Eds.). (1996). The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from The Rwanda Experience. Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda. Erişim adresi: https://www.oecd.org/derec/unitedstates/50189764.pdf
  • Kırdım, Ş. E. (2017). A Neo-Realist Case Study of U.N.-Authorized Humanitarian Interventions in The Post-Cold War World. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 615–632.
  • Lecoq, T. (2012). La France et sa défense depuis la fin de la Guerre froide: Éléments de réflexion sur la réforme comme chantier permanent, Outre-Terre, 33-34(3), 449–469. https://doi.org/10.3917/oute.033.0449
  • Pazarcı, H. (2022). Uluslararası Hukuk, Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Putra, B. A., & Cangara, A. R. (2019). Invoking the Responsibility to Protect: The Derogation of Its Principles and Implementation. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 4(3), 56–65.
  • Rathbun, B. C. (2019). Partisan Interventions: European Party Politics and Peace Enforcement in the Balkans. Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501729621
  • Représentation permanente de la France auprès des Nations Unies à New York. (2023). 5 choses à savoir sur la France et le veto. Erişim adresi https://onu.delegfrance.org/5-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-france-et-le-veto
  • Seyedfarshi, A. (2015). French Interventionism in the Age of R2P: A Critical Examination of the Case of Mali. Creighton International and Comparative Law Journal, 7(1), 2–36.
  • Shampo, M. A., & Kyle, R. A. (2011). Bernard Kouchner-Founder of Doctors Without Borders. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.4065%2Fmcp.2010.0796
  • Simeon, J. C. (2017). A New Protection Orientation and Framework for Refugees and Other Forced Migrants. Laws, 6(4), 1–24.
  • Sıradağ, A. (2014). Understanding French Foreign and Security Policy towards Africa: Pragmatism or Altruism. Afro Eurasian Studies, 3(1), 100–122.
  • Soutou, G.-H. (2023). La fin de la guerre froide a laissé la France sans politique extérieure réellement cohérente. LaCroix. Erişim adresi: https://www.la-croix.com/Debats/fin-guerre-froide-laisse-France-sans-politique-exterieure-reellement-coherente-2023-05-23-1201268509
  • Stark, A. (2011). The R2P: Challenges and Opportunities in Light of the Libyan Intervention, e-International Relations, 36-42. Erişim adresi: https://www.e-ir.info/publication/the-r2p-challenges-and-opportunities-in-light-of-the-libyan-intervention/
  • Staunton, E. (2018). France and the Responsibility to Protect: A Tale of Two Norms. International Relations, 32(3), 366–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117818773857
  • Tardy, T. (1999). French Policy Towards Peace Support Operations. International Peacekeeping, 6(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533319908413757
  • United Nations. (1945). United Nations Charter (Full Text). United Nations. Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text
  • Vaisse, J. (2008). A Gaullist By Any Other Name. Survival, 50(3), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396330802173040
  • Viotti, P. R., & Kauppi, M. V. (2014). Uluslararası ilişkiler ve dünya siyaseti = International relations and world politics. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Yalçınkaya, H. (2008). Savaş Uluslararası İlişkilerde Kuvvet Kullanımı, İmge Kitabevi
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Politics in International Relations
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Süheyl Yasir Yıldız 0000-0001-8991-5597

Publication Date September 11, 2024
Submission Date January 28, 2024
Acceptance Date May 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldız, S. Y. (2024). Fransa Dış Politikasında Koruma Sorumluluğu Kavramının Yeri. Savunma Ve Güvenlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 121-136.