Oral and Dental Health Status of Children with Celiac Disease

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 520 - 531, 31.12.2024

Özge Bektaş

https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1313004

Abstract

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease caused by the ingestion of gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley. It affects about 1% of children, but 90% of cases are considered undiagnosed. Clinically, there are gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, weight loss and abdominal pain. Also, there are oral symptoms such as enamel defects, delayed eruption of teeth, recurrent aphthous ulcers. Dentists can guide in the early diagnosis of celiac disease, especially in children with systemic disease who do not show clinical symptoms during routine examination and dental treatment. Starting a gluten-free diet for the treatment of the disease with early diagnosis helps to relieve symptoms, heal the intestinal mucosa and prevent long-term complications.
In this review, the literature on the diagnosis, clinical and oral findings of celiac disease is evaluated. Dentists play an important role in early diagnosis and initiation of treatment, especially in pediatric patients, by questioning the oral findings of celiac disease in detail and directing the patient to the appropriate physician. Collaboration between pediatricians, gastroenterologists, and dentists is important because children with celiac disease can develop multiple organ dysfunction.

Keywords

coeliac disease, gluten, oral manifestations

Çölyak Hastalığı Olan Çocukların Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Durumu

Abstract

Çölyak hastalığı buğday, çavdar ve arpada bulunan glüten alımının neden olduğu otoimmün bir hastalıktır. Çocukların yaklaşık %1’ini etkiler, ancak vakaların %90’ının teşhis edilmediği kabul edilir. Klinik olarak diyare, şişkinlik, kilo kaybı ve karın ağrısı gibi gastrointestinal belirtileri bulunmaktadır. Aynı zamanda mine defektleri, dişlerde sürme gecikmeleri, tekrarlayan aftöz ülserler gibi ağız belirtileri bulunmaktadır. Diş hekimleri rutin muayene ve diş tedavisi sırasında özellikle klinik semptom göstermeyen sistemik hastalığı olan çocuklarda çölyak hastalığının erken tanısında yönlendirme yapabilir. Erken tanı ile hastalığın tedavisine yönelik glütensiz diyete başlanması semptomların giderilmesine, bağırsak mukozasının iyileşmesine ve uzun dönemde gelişebilecek komplikasyonların önlenmesine yardımcı olur.
Bu derleme çölyak hastalığının tanısı, klinik bulguları ve ağız bulguları konusunda literatürdeki bilgileri değerlendirmektedir. Diş hekimleri özellikle çocuk hastalarda çölyak hastalığının ağız bulgularını detaylı bir şekilde sorgulayıp hastayı uygun hekime yönlendirerek erken teşhis ve tedavinin başlatılmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Çölyak hastalığı olan çocuklarda çoklu organ bozukluğu gelişebileceği için pediatristler, gastroenterologlar ve diş hekimleri arasındaki iş birliğine dayalı çalışma önemlidir.

Keywords

çölyak hastalığı, glüten, ağız belirtileri

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