<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article         dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Cell Membranes and Free Radical Research</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1308-416X</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Hücresel Sinir Bilimleri ve Oksidatif Stres Derneği</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>Multivitamin-mineral supplement is more efficacious than vitamins (E+C) in the prevention of chronic unpredictable stress induced oxidative damage in mice</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Hasan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Shirin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bilal</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nayeem</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Fatima</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sabiha</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Suhail</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nida</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Anwar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Khalid</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Sharma</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sadhana</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Banu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Naheed</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20130814">
                    <day>08</day>
                    <month>14</month>
                    <year>2013</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>3</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>125</fpage>
                                        <lpage>132</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20101125">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2010</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2008, Cell Membranes and Free Radical Research</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Cell Membranes and Free Radical Research</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>Stress triggers a physiological response by increasing themetabolic rate which translates into oxidative stress, resulting in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases. Several micronutrients like antioxidant vitamins and minerals can modulate the state of oxidative stress. This study tests whether an MM (consisting of functionally diverse dietary antioxidants) compares favourably with a combination of vitamins E and C, in providing increased anti-oxidative protection against chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) induced oxidative damage in mice. Thirty-two Swiss albino mice were randomized to one of the following groups: control+vehicle, CUS+ vehicle, CUS+ MM, and CUS+ vitamins (C+E). CUS was applied for 4 weeks and MM and vitamins (C+E) were administered orally for the same period. CUS led to a negative impact on all the biochemical parameters analyzed in circulation, liver and kidney with elevation of malondialdehydeand reduction of glutathione levels. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase were decreased by CUS, with an elevation of liver marker enzymes, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in the circulation and liver. Supplementation with MM and vitamins (C+E) restored the disturbed antioxidant status in the stress exposed mice. However, MM was found more effective than vitamins (C+E) in reinstating the altered parameters. The results of the study suggest that the cumulative action of diverse vitamins and minerals in an MM exert greater antioxidative effect than vitamins (C+E) in combating the CUS induced oxidative stress, thus supplementation of MM alone can be an effective measure to combat stress induced oxidative derangements both under normal and pathological conditions.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Ion channels</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   cell biochemistry</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   biophysics</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   calcium signaling</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   cellular function</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   cellular physiology</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   metabolism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   apoptosis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   lipid peroxidation</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   nitric oxide synthase</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   ageing</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   antioxidants</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   neuropathy</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aksenov V, Long J, Lokuge S, Foster JA, Liu J, Rollo CD. 2010. Dietary amelioration of locomotor, neurotransmitter and mitochondrial aging. Exp Biol Med 235: 66–76.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ames BN. 2004. A role for supplements in optimizing health: the metabolic tune-up. Arch Biochem Biophys 423: 227–234.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Atamna H, Frey II WH. 2004. A role for heme in Alzheimer’s disease: heme binds amyloid beta and has altered metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 11153–11158.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Atamna H. 2004. Heme, iron, and the mitochondrial decay of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 3: 303–318.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Beuge JA, Aust SD. 1978. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol 52: 302–310.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bogucka K, Wojtczak L. 1976. Binding of magnesium by proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane compartment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 71: 161–167.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bruno RS, Leonard SW, Atkinson J, Montine TJ, Ramakrishnan R, Bray TM, et al. 2006. Faster plasma vitamin E disappearance in smokers is normalized by vitamin C supplementation. Free Radic Biol Med 40: 689–697.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Carlberg I, Mannervik B. 1975. Purification and characterization of the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase from rat liver. J Biol Chem 250: 5475– 5480.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chert H and Tappel AI. 1996. Protection by Multiple Antioxidants Against Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Liver Homogenate. Lipids 31 (1):47-50.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Claiborne A. 1985. Catalase activity. In: Green Wald RA, editor. CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. pp 283–284.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dickens BF, Weglicki WB, Li YS, Mak IT. 1992. Magnesium deficiency in vitro enhances free radical-induced intracellular oxidation and cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. FEBS Lett 311: 187–191.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Habig W, Pabst MJ, Jacoby WH. 1994. Glutathione-s-transferases: the first step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249: 7130–7139.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hasan S, Bilal N, Naqvi S, Ashraf GM, Suhail N, Sharma S, et al. 2010. Multivitamin-mineral and vitamins (C+E)supplementation modulate chronic unpredictable stress induced oxidative damage in brain and heart of mice. Biol Trace Elem Res doi: 10.1007/s12011-010-8771-5.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huang HY, Caballero B, Chang S, Alberg AJ, Semba RD, Schneyer C, et al. 2007. Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and Prevention of Chronic Disease: Executive Summary. Am J Clin Nutr 85(1): 265S–268S.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR, Zampaglione N, Gillete JR. Bromobenzene induced liver necrosis: protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3, 4, bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic intermediate. Pharmacology 1974;11:151–69.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lee SJ, Surh YJ. 2005. Nrf2 as a novel molecular target for chemoprevention. Cancer Lett 224: 171–184.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Levander OA, Morris VC, Higgs DJ. 1974. Characterization of the selenium in rat liver mitochondria as glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 58: 1047–1052.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lowry OH, Rosenberg NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265–275.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Malpuech-Brugere C, Nowacki W, Gueux E, Kuryszko J, Rock E, Rayssiguier Y, et al. 1999. Accelerated thymus involution in magnesium-deficient rats is related to enhanced apoptosis and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Br J Nutr 81 (5): 405–411.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Marklund S, Marklund G. 1974. The involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the auto oxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47: 469–474.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Martí O, Martí J, Armario A. 1994. Effects of chronic stress on food intake in rats: influence of stressor intensity and duration of daily exposure. Physiol Behav 55: 747–753.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mastaloudis A, Morrow JD, Hopkins DW, Deveraj S, Traber MG. 2004. Antioxidant supplementation prevents exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, but not inflammation, in ultra marathon runners. Free Radic Biol Med 36: 1329– 1341.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mckee D, Frieden E. 1971. Binding of transition metal ions by ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase). Biochemistry 10: 3880-3883.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nayanatara AK Nagaraja HS, Ramaswamy C, Bhagyalakshmi K, Ramesh Bhat M Damodara Gowda KM et al. 2009. Effect of chronic unpredictable stressors on some selected lipid parameters and biochemical parameters in wistar rats. J Chin Clin Med 4 (2): 92-97.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Oritz J, Fitzgerald IW, Lane S, Terwilliger R, Nestler EJ. 1996. Biochemical adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine system in response to repeated stress. Neuropsychopharmacol 14: 443-452.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ratty AK, Sunamoto J, Das NP. 1988. Interaction of Flavonoids with 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picryihydrazyl Free Radical Liposomal Membranes and Soybean Lipoxygenase-1. Biochem Pharmacol 37:989-995.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Richards JB, Valdes AM, Gardner JP, Kato BS, Siva A, Kimura M, et al. 2008. Homocysteine levels and leukocyte telomere length. Atherosclerosis 200: 271–277.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ristow M, Zarse K, Oberbach A, Klöting N, Birringer M, Kiehntopf M, et al. 2009. Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 8665-8670.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sies H, Staahl W, Sundquist AR. 1992. Antioxidant functions of vitamins: vitamin E and C, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 669: 7–20.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zafir A, Banu N. 2009. Modulation of in vivo oxidative status by exogenous corticosterone and restraint stress in rats. Stress 12: 167–177.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhang D, Wen X, Wang X, Shi M, ZhaoY. 2009. Antidepressant effect of shudihuang on mice exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress. J Ethnopharmacol 123: 55-60.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
