j. nat. appl. sci. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 1308-6529 Süleyman Demirel University 10.19113/sdufenbed.1512118 Electronics Elektronik Akım modu KHN Evrensel filtre uygulamaları için çoklu çıkışlı işlem transiletkenlik amplifikatörüne dayanan düşük voltajlı, yüksek performanslı bir CMOS transistör A low-voltage, high-performing CMOS transistor based on multiple- output operation transconductance amplifier for current mode KHN Universal filter applications https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-1425 Demirel Huseyin ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ 08 23 2024 28 2 235 239 07 07 2024 07 31 2024 Copyright © 1995, Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1995 Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences

Bu çalışma, aynı anda üç geleneksel işlevi yerine getirebilen akım modu KHN evrensel filtre tasarımı sunmaktadır: düşük geçişli, yüksek geçişli ve bant geçişi. Devre, giriş yanlılık akımlarını (IB) ayarlayarak elektronik olarak değişken kutup frekansı ve kalite faktörüne izin veren çoklu çıkışlı işlem transiletkenlik amplifikatörüne (MO-OTA) dayanmaktadır. Devre topolojisi, iki MO-OTA ve iki topraklanmış kapasitör ile temeldir, harici direnç gereksinimini ortadan kaldırır ve yalnızca topraklanmış parçalara dayanır. Basitliği nedeniyle, devre küçük, verimli bir tasarıma dahil etmek için idealdir. Önerilen devrenin işleyişi LT-Spice simülasyonları kullanılarak doğrulandı ve sonuçlar teorik beklentilerle iyi uyumluydu. Devrenin en büyük güç kullanımı ± 0.2V güç kaynağı voltajlarında 290μW civarındaydı. Bu bulgular, devrenin birçok mevcut elektronik cihaz için kritik olan düşük güçlü uygulamalar için uygunluğunu göstermektedir. Önerilen akım modu KHN evrensel filtresi, çeşitli filtre işlevlerini tek bir devrede özelleştirilebilir parametrelerle birleştirmek için uygun bir seçenek sunar. Sadeliği, verimliliği ve performans nitelikleri, onu çeşitli elektronik sistemlere dahil etmek için uygun bir seçim haline getirerek daha fazla filtre tasarım özgürlüğü sağlar.

This study proposes a current-mode KHN universal filter design that can perform three standard functions simultaneously: low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass. The circuit is built around a multiple-output operation transconductance amplifier (MO-OTA), which allows for electronically adjustable pole frequency and quality factor by modifying input bias currents (IB). The circuit layout is straightforward, with two MO-OTAs and two grounded capacitors, eliminating the need for external resistors and depending entirely on grounded components. Because of its simplicity, the circuit is suited for use in a tiny, efficient design. The proposed circuit's operation was validated using LT-Spice simulations, and the results were in line with theoretical expectations. The circuit used around 298μW of power at ±0.2V power supply voltages. These results demonstrate the circuit's potential for low-power applications, which are crucial in many modern electronic devices. The suggested current-mode KHN universal filter offers a viable option for combining various filter functions in a single circuit with customizable parameters. Its simplicity, efficiency, and performance qualities make it a feasible choice for incorporation into a variety of electronic systems, allowing for more filter design freedom.

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