j. nat. appl. sci. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 1308-6529 Süleyman Demirel University 10.19113/sdufenbed.1797520 Botany (Other) Bitki Bilimi (Diğer) Variation of the Chemical Properties of Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Fruits According to Aspect Conditions Kuşburnu (Rosa canina L.) Meyvelerinin Kimyasal Özelliklerinin Bakı Koşullarına Göre Değişimi https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7024-8310 Kiraz Aslı https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9165-6675 Tığlı Kaytanlıoğlu Ebru Hatice ORMAN FAKÜLTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6709-8175 Güreli Nedime https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-8011 Fakir Hüseyin Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Orman fakültesi 04 24 2026 30 1 127 136 10 06 2025 04 18 2026 Copyright © 1995, Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1995 Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the chemical variation of volatile oil components in Rosa canina L. fruits based on different slope aspects and to assess the relationship between these variations and environmental conditions (temperature, precipitation, and soil properties). The research was conducted in Sarıveliler district of Karaman province, Turkey. Volatile components were isolated from fruit samples collected from four different slope aspects and analyzed using a Shimadzu 2010 Plus GC-MS device. Compound identification was performed by comparing the retention index (RI) and mass spectral (MS) data with those reported in the literature. Relationships among the components were evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis, while the spatial distribution of environmental variables was assessed using ArcGIS 10.8 software through the preparation of a soil map and the generation of temperature and precipitation maps via the Co-Kriging method.The results revealed that the composition and proportions of volatile oil components varied depending on slope aspect. (E)-2-Hexenal (52.21%) was the predominant compound in the east-facing slope, (E)-2-Hexenal (50.14%) in the north, Limonene (12.49%) in the west, and (E)-2-Hexenal (%15.60) in the south. According to chemical classification, aromatic alcohols, aromatic aldehydes, and monoterpene hydrocarbons were dominant in varying proportions. Correlation analysis indicated positive associations among terpenoid compounds, while negative correlations were found between certain oxygenated compounds and terpenoids. The study area was found to have an annual average temperature of 10–12 °C and annual precipitation of 600–800 mm, with calcareous-free brown forest soils providing a suitable habitat for the growth of Rosa canina.

Bu çalışma, Rosa canina L. meyvelerinin farklı bakı yönlerine göre uçucu yağ bileşenlerinin kimyasal varyasyonlarını ortaya koymak ve bu varyasyonların yetişme ortamı koşullarıyla (sıcaklık, yağış ve toprak özellikleri) ilişkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin Karaman ili Sarıveliler ilçesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uçucu bileşenlerin izolasyonu, dört farklı bakıdan toplanan meyve örneklerinden yapılmış ve analizler Shimadzu 2010 Plus GC-MS cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Bileşen tanımlamaları, alıkonma indeksi (RI) ve kütle spektral (MS) verilerinin literatürle karşılaştırılması yoluyla yapılmıştır. Bileşenler arası ilişkiler Pearson korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiş; çevresel koşulların mekânsal dağılımı ise ArcGIS 10.8 yazılımı kullanılarak oluşturulan toprak haritası ve Co-Kriging yöntemiyle üretilen sıcaklık ve yağış haritaları ile analiz edilmiştir.Analizler sonucunda, uçucu yağ bileşenlerinin hem bileşim hem de oran açısından bakıya bağlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Doğu bakıda (E)-2-Hexenal (%52.21), kuzeyde (E)-2-Hexenal (%50.14), batıda Limonene (%12.49), güneyde ise (E)-2-Hexenal (%15.60) başlıca bileşenler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bileşiklerin kimyasal sınıflandırmasına göre, aromatik alkoller, aromatik aldehitler ve monoterpen hidrokarbonlar farklı oranlarda öne çıkmıştır. Korelasyon analizinde, terpenoid bileşikler arasında pozitif ilişkiler gözlenirken, bazı oksijenli bileşikler ile terpenoidler arasında negatif korelasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen alanda yıllık ortalama sıcaklığın 10–12 °C, yıllık yağış miktarının ise 600–800 mm arasında değiştiği ve bölgedeki kireçsiz kahverengi orman topraklarının Rosa canina için uygun bir yetişme ortamı sunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

 Rosa canina Aspect Volatile Compounds Karaman Turkey Rosa canina Bakı Uçucu Bileşen Karaman Türkiye Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Organisation 1919B012329741 [1] Özhatay, N., Koyuncu, M., Atay, S., & Byfield, A.(1997). A study on the trade of Turkey’s native medicinal plants. WWF Turkey, İstanbul. [2] Anonymous. (2022). Rose hip feasibility report and investment guide. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Türkiye, General Directorate of Crop Production, Ankara. [3] Baytop, T. (1999). Therapeutic use of plants in Turkey (past and present). Nobel Medical Bookstores, İstanbul. [4] Özer, Z., Tursun, N., & Önene, H. (2001). Healthy living with weeds. Dörtrenk Publishing, Ankara. [5] İlisulu, K. (1992). Medicinal and spice plants. Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture Publications No. 1250, Textbook No. 360, 302 pp. [6] Çınar, İ., & Çolakoğlu, A. S. (2005). Potential health benefits of rose hip products. In Proceedings of the First International Rose Hip Conference (Acta Horticulturae, Vol. 690, pp. 253–257). [7] Doğan, A., Kazankaya, A., Çelik, F., & Uyak, C. (2006). The role of rosehip in folk medicine and its benefits in terms of its components. 2nd National Small Fruit Symposium, 14–16 September, Tokat, pp. 45–53. [8] Kazaz, S., Baydar, H., & Erbaş, S. (2009). Variations in chemical compositions of Rosa damascena Mill. and Rosa canina L. fruits. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 27, 178–184. [9] Andersson, S. C., Rumpunen, K., Johansson, E., & Olsson, M. E. (2011). Carotenoid content and composition in rose hips (Rosa spp.) during ripening: Determination of suitable maturity marker and implications for health-promoting food products. Food Chemistry, 128(4), 689–696. [10] Orhan, N., Aslan, M., Hoşbaş, S., & Deliorman, O. D. (2009). Antidiabetic effect and antioxidant potential of Rosa canina fruits. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 5(20), 309–315. [11] Fattahi, S., Jamei, R., & Hosseini Sarghein, S. (2012). Antioxidant and antiradical activities of Rosa canina and Rosa pimpinellifolia fruits from West Azerbaijan. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2(4), 523–529. [12] Stralsjö, L., Alklint, C., Olsson, M. E., & Sjöholm, I. (2003). Total folate content and retention in rosehips (Rosa spp.) after drying. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(14), 4291–4295. [13] Özçelik, H., Gül, A., Özgökçe, F., Ünal, M., Özkan, G., Fakir, H., Orhan, H., Sakçalı, S., & Korkmaz, M. (2009). Determination of genetic diversity of Rosa L. taxa in Turkey, evaluation of their economic potential and establishment of a rosarium within Süleyman Demirel University (TÜBİTAK Project No: TOVAG 105 O 627). [14] Barros, L., Carvalho, A. M., & Ferreira, I. C. F. R. (2011). Exotic fruits as a source of important phytochemicals: Improving the traditional use of Rosa canina fruits in Portugal. Food Research International, 44(7), 2233–2236. [15] Özrenk, K., Gündoğdu, M., & Doğan, A. (2012). Organic acid, sugar and mineral content of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) fruits from Erzincan region. Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22(1), 20–25. [16] Özcan, M. (2002). Nutrient composition of rose (Rosa canina L.) seed and oils. Journal of Medicinal Food, 5(3), 137–140. [17] Nowak, R. (2005). Fatty acids composition in fruits of wild rose species. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 74(3), 229–235. [18] Demir, F., & Özcan, M. (2001). Chemical and technological properties of rose (Rosa canina) fruits grown wild in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering, 47(4), 333–336. [19] Öz, M. (2016). Volatile oil analysis and biological activities in flowers, leaves, stems, and fruits of Rosa pimpinellifolia L. and Rosa canina L. species. PhD Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Science, Trabzon. [20] Bağcı, Y., Erdoğan, R., & Doğu, S. (2016). Ethnobotanical properties of plants growing in and around Sarıveliler (Karaman). Selçuk University Journal of Science Faculty, 42(1), 84–107. [21] Davis, P. H. (Ed.). (1982). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 7). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [22] Orhan, D. D., & Hartevioğlu, A. (2013). Chemical composition and biological activities of rosehip plant. Spatula DD, 3(1), 23–30. [23] Özel, M. Z., & Clifford, A. A. (2004). Superheated water extraction of fragrance compounds from Rosa canina. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 19(4), 354–359. [24] Koeduka, T., Fridman, E., Gang, D. R., Vassão, D. G., Jackson, B. L., & Kish, C. M. (2006). Eugenol and isoeugenol, characteristic aromatic constituents of spices, are biosynthesized via reduction of a coniferyl alcohol ester. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(26), 10128–10133. [25] Pichersky, E., & Gershenzon, J. (2002). The formation and function of plant volatiles: Perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 5(3), 237–243. [26] Luan, F., & Wüst, M. (2002). Differential incorporation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose into (3S)-linalool and geraniol in grape berry exocarp and mesocarp. Phytochemistry, 60(5), 451–460. [27] Dudareva, N., & Negre, F. (2005). Practical applications of research into the regulation of plant volatile emission. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 8(2), 113–118. [28] Sabulal, B., Dan, M., John, A. J., Kurup, R., Pradeep, N. S., & Valsamma, R. K. (2006). Caryophyllene-rich rhizome oil of Zingiber nimmonii from South India: Chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity. Phytochemistry, 67(23), 2469–2473. [29] Khan, Z. R., James, D. G., Midega, C. A. O., & Pickett, J. A. (2008). Chemical ecology and conservation biological control. Biological Control, 45(2), 210–224. [30] Ercişli, S. (2004). A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 51, 419–435.