<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>j. nat. appl. sci.</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1308-6529</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Süleyman Demirel University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19113/sdufenbed.1805609</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Steel Structures </subject>
                                                            <subject>Structural Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Çelik Yapılar</subject>
                                                            <subject>Yapı Mühendisliği</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Ankastre Mesnetli Çelik Kirişlerin Taşıma Davranışının Farklı Analiz Yöntemleri ile Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirilmesi</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Comparative Evaluation of the Load-Carrying Behavior of Fixed-End Steel Beams Using Different Analysis Methods</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-8201</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Alıcıoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mustafa Berker</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Manisa Kentsel Dönüşüm Müdürlüğü</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260424">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>24</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>30</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>168</fpage>
                                        <lpage>183</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251017">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>17</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260227">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>27</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1995, Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1995</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu çalışmada, 8 m uzunluğunda ve uçları ankastre mesnetli olarak tasarlanan, S235 çeliğinden imal edilmiş yedi farklı enkesitli kirişin davranışı incelenmiştir. Enkesitler, Çelik Yapıların Tasarım, Hesap ve Yapımına Dair Esaslar (ÇYTHYDE-2018) yönetmeliğinin 9. bölümünde (9.2–9.8 alt bölümleri) tanımlanan koşulları sağlayacak şekilde seçilmiştir. Kirişler, kabuk eleman olarak modellenmiş ve analizler SAP2000 sonlu elemanlar programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada üç farklı analiz yöntemi uygulanmıştır. İlk olarak, ÇYTHYDE-2018 yönetmeliğinde verilen denklemler kullanılarak kirişlerin teorik taşıma kapasiteleri hesaplanmıştır. İkinci olarak, II. mertebe plastik analiz yöntemiyle kiriş orta noktasına uygulanan tekil yük (P) kademeli olarak artırılmış ve bu yolla kirişlerin plastik kapasiteleri belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, burkulma analizi gerçekleştirilmiş; birinci mod burkulma faktörü hesaplanmış ve bu faktörler ile kirişlerin eğilme, burulma ve yanal burulmalı burkulma davranışları irdelenmiştir.  Analitik (yönetmelik esaslı) moment kapasiteleri ile doğrusal olmayan sayısal analiz sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması sonucunda, IPE600, HE300AA, Yapma I, HE450A, Kutu ve Boru kesitlerinde farkın %1 ile %6 arasında değiştiği, buna karşılık narin gövdeli Yapma II kesitinde bu farkın %93,89 seviyesine ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ÇYTHYDE-2018 yönetmeliğinin 9.5 alt bölümünde yer alan denklemlerin güncellenmesi gerektiği ortaya konmuştur. Yapma I kesitinin özellikle yanal ötelenme ve burulma birleşimi etkilerine karşı duyarlı bir davranış sergilediği ve Yapma II kesitinin genel olarak eğilme, burulma, yanal burulmalı burkulma modları arasında dengeli bir stabilite düzeyine sahip olduğunu, ancak ilk stabilite kaybının yanal-burulmalı (lateral-torsional) burkulma modunda gerçekleşmesinin muhtemel olduğunu belirlenmiştir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>This study investigates the behavior of seven steel beams with different cross-sections, each 8 m in length and fixed at both ends, fabricated from S235 steel. The cross-sections were selected in accordance with the requirements specified in Section 9 (Subsections 9.2–9.8) of the Regulation on the Design, Calculation, and Construction of Steel Structures (ÇYTHYDE-2018). The beams were modeled using shell elements, and all analyses were conducted using SAP2000 finite element software. Three analysis methods were employed. First, the theoretical load-carrying capacities of the beams were calculated using the equations provided in ÇYTHYDE-2018. Second, a second-order plastic analysis was performed, in which the midspan load (P) was incrementally increased to determine the beams’ plastic capacities. Finally, a buckling analysis was conducted, with the first-mode buckling factor computed to evaluate the beams’ flexural, torsional, and lateral-torsional buckling behavior. A comparison between the analytical (code-based) moment capacities and the nonlinear numerical results indicated percentage differences ranging between 1% and 6% for IPE600, HE300AA, Built up I, HE450A, Box, and Pipe sections, whereas the Built up II section exhibited a significant difference of 93.89%. Consequently, it has been revealed that the equations provided in Clause 9.5 of the ÇYTHYDE-2018 specification require revision. The results indicate that the Built up I exhibits pronounced sensitivity to the combined effects of lateral translation and torsion, whereas the Built up II demonstrates a comparatively balanced stability performance among bending, torsional, and lateral–torsional buckling modes. Nevertheless, the initial loss of stability is most likely to occur through the lateral–torsional buckling mode.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Buckling analysis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Steel beam</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Plastic analysis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  SAP2000</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Burkulma analizi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Çelik kiriş</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Plastik analiz</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  SAP2000</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[1]	Timoshenko, S. P., Gere, J. M. 1961. Theory of elastic stability (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2]	Trahair, N. S. 1993. Flexural-torsional buckling of structures. CRC Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[3]	EN 1993-1-1. 2005. Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. European Committee for Standardization.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[4]	Sun, H., Wang, Y., Zhou, L. 2023. Experimental study on lateral restraints of continuous steel beams. Engineering Structures, 286, 116002.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[5]	Zhang, Y., Li, H., Xu, C. 2018. Experimental and numerical investigation on lateral-torsional buckling of steel beams under impact loading. Engineering Structures, 167, 10–22.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[6]	Mascolo, I., Camotim, D., Silvestre, N. 2018. Effects of imperfections and loading eccentricities on the distortional buckling resistance of C-section beams. Thin-Walled Structures, 127, 359–371.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[7]	Andrade, A., Camotim, D. 2005. Numerical evaluation of the lateral–torsional buckling behaviour of steel I-beams. Computers &amp; Structures, 83(7–8), 596–615.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[8]	Kabir, M. Z., Seif, A. E. 2011. Lateral torsional buckling of steel I-beam retrofitted using FRP sheets: Analytical solution and optimization. In Ye, L., Feng, P., Yue, Q. (Eds.), Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, 1225–1228. Springer.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[9]	Chen, W. F., Sohal, I. 1995. Plastic design and second-order analysis of structures. Springer.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[10]	Galambos, T. V. 1998. Guide to stability design criteria for metal structures (5th ed.). John Wiley &amp; Sons.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[11]	Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. 2018. Çelik Yapıların Tasarım, Hesap ve Yapımına Dair Esaslar (ÇYTHYDE-2018).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[12]	Bradford, M. A. 1992. Inelastic buckling of steel structures. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 22(1–3), 95–112.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[13]	Fu, Z.-F., He, J. 2001. Modal analysis. Butterworth-Heinemann.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[14]	Liew, J. Y. R. 1993. Second-order refined plastic-hinge analysis for frame structures. Journal of Structural Engineering, 119(11), 3217–3236.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[15]	King, W. 1990. Simplified Second-Order Inelastic Analysis for Frame Design. Purdue University Dissertations.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[16]	CSI. 2020. SAP2000 Integrated Software for Structural Analysis and Design – Analysis Reference Manual. Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, California.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[17]	Cook, R. D., Malkus, D. S., Plesha, M. E., Witt, R. J. 2007. Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis. 4th Edition, Wiley.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[18]	Chajes, A. 1998. Principles of Structural Stability Theory. Prentice Hall.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
