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The Effects of Differences such as Variety, Region and Plant Density on the Relationship between Grain Quality Criteria in Faba Bean

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 236 - 244, 20.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1039801

Abstract

In this study, two varieties of faba beans were grown in two different locations at three different plant densities and their grain quality criteria were examined. As a result, the ash, oil, moisture, protein, starch and hundred grain weight (HGW) values of the faba beans varied between 3.44-3.76%, 1.16-1.70%, 10.63-11.58%, 25.71-31.15%, 37.86-44.75% and 97.53-157.50 g respectively. In correlation analysis, the highest interaction between moisture and oil; between protein and ash, oil and moisture; and between HGW and oil, moisture. In addition, it was determined that the significance level of the interaction among properties varies in terms of factors. PCA results, it was noted that each location formed separate groups. In general, all the features in Sanli-Urfa location were high and positive. In terms of varieties, the data of all properties except HGW were statistically the same, while the HGW value was high in Salkim variety. The distance row spacings significantly affected the starch and HGW properties, the highest values in terms of starch and HGW were obtained between the 60 cm and 50 cm row spacings respectively. According to these results, it was understood that the varieties and plant densities used significantly affected the quality criteria according to the locations.

Supporting Institution

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi; TÜBİTAK 2237 BİDEB

Project Number

2017/1-13YLS; 1129B371901423

Thanks

Yunus Emre Çabar's master's thesis was used to obtain data on the Kahramanmaraş location of the research, and this thesis was supported by the KSU Scientific Research Projects fund with the number 2017/1-13YLS. This research was partially supported by ‘TÜBİTAK 2237 BİDEB Project number: 1129B371901423’. We thank our colleagues from ‘TÜBİTAK and Isparta University of Applied Sci-ences’ who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research, although they may not agree with all of the interpretations/conclusions of this paper.

References

  • [1] Maalouf, F. 2011. Faba Bean Improvement at ICARDA: Constraints and Challenges. Grain legumes, 56, 13-14.
  • [2] IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute). 2010. Fertilizer and Soil Fertility Potential in Ethiopia. Working Paper. Washington: IFPRI. Institute. UK. 26- 47p.
  • [3] Jensen, E. S., Peoples, M., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. 2010. Faba Bean in Cropping Systems. Field Crops Research, 115(3), 203–216.
  • [4] McVicar, R., Panchuk, D., Brenzil, C., Hartley, S., Pearse, P., Vandenberg, A. 2013. Faba Bean Gov. Saskatchewan, Agriculture, Crops.
  • [5] Fekadu, G., Lire, E., Asfaw, A., Alemayehu, F., Rezene, Y., Ambachew, D. 2012. GGE-Biplot Analysis of Grain Yield of Faba Bean Genotypes in Southern Ethiopia. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 3(3), 898-907.
  • [6] Duc, G., Pascal, M., Paolo, A. 2011. Breeding Priorities for Improved Nutritional Value of Vicia faba Seeds. Grain Legumes, 56, 17-18.
  • [7] Multari, S., Stewart, D., Russell, W. R. 2015. Potential of Faba Bean as Future Protein Supply to Partially Replace Meat Intake in the Human Diet. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 14(5), 511–522.
  • [8] Vasilean, I. I., Aprodu, I., Vasilean, I., Patrașcu, L. 2018. Pulse Flour Based Emulsions - The Effect of Oil Type on Technological and Functional Characteristics. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia., 63, 199–214.
  • [9] El-Feky, A. M., Elbatanony, M. M., Mounier, M. M. 2018. Anti-cancer Potential of the Lipoidal and Flavonoidal Compounds from Pisum sativum and Vicia faba Peels. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences., 5(4), 258–264.
  • [10] Shevkani, K., Singh, N., Chen, Y., Kaur, A., Yu, L. 2019. Pulse Proteins: Secondary Structure, Functionality and Applications. Journal of Food Science and Technology., 56(6), 2787–2798.
  • [11] Daryanto, S., Wang, L., Jacinthe, P. A. 2017. Global Synthesis of Drought Effects on Cereal, Legume, Tuber and Root Crops Production: A Review. Agricultural Water Management 179, 18-33.
  • [12] Maalouf, F., Hu, J., Sullivan, D. M. O., Zong, X., Hamwieh, A., Kumar, S., Baum, M. 2019. Breeding and Genomics Status in Faba Bean (Vicia faba). Plant Breeding., 138, 465–473.
  • [13] Daryanto, S., Wang, L., Jacinthe, P. A. 2015. Global Synthesis of Drought Effects on Food Legume Production. PLoS One, 10(6), e0127401.
  • [14] Tadele, M. 2019. Breeding Achievements of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Its Impact In The Livelihood of Ethiopian Farmers. International Journal of Agriculture and Bioscicence, 8 (5), 263-269.
  • [15] Parvin, S., Uddin, S., Tausz-Posch, S., Fitzgerald, G., Armstrong, R., Tausz, M. 2019. Elevated CO2 Improves Yield and N2 Fixation But Not Grain N Concentration of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Subjected to Terminal Drought. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 165, 161–173.
  • [16] Gemechu, K., Asnake, F., Million, E. 2016. Reflections on Highland Pulses Improvement Research in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(16), 17-50.
  • [17] Kara, Z., Yururdurmaz, C., Cokkizgin, A., Keles, H., Gonen, E. 2021. The Effects of Wheat Straw used as Mulch on Some Chemical Properties of the Soil and Grain Yield in Durum Wheat. Elixir Agriculture 154, 55382-55386.
  • [18] Anonymous, 2018a. Records of Kahramanmaras Meteorology Directorate. Kahramanmaras.
  • [19] Anonymous, 2018b. Sanliurfa Meteorology Directorate Records. Sanliurfa.
  • [20] Yildiz, K. 2018. Determination of Using Suitable Genotypes of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) for the Purpose of Fresh and Dry Grains. Ondokuz Mayis University, Graduate School of Sciences, Department of Agronomy, Master’s Thesis, 110s, Samsun.
  • [21] Baloch, K., Rizwan, S., Mahmood, K., Jan, M. H., Hussain, J., Shah, A., Khan, I., Mehmood, Z., Iqbal, S., Azam, M., Sajjad, A. 2017. Biochemical and Trace Elements Composition of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Cultivated in Panjgur and Kech Districts of Balochistan. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 6(3), 981-988.
  • [22] Ksiezak, J., Bojarszczuk, J., Staniak, M. 2018. Evaluation of the Concentration of Nutrients in the Seeds of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L. major) and Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Depending on Habitat Conditions. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 27(3), 1133-1143.
  • [23] Sarah, A., Abusin, E., Hassan, A. B., Babiker, E. E. 2009. Nutritional Evaluation of Cooked Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and White Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars. Australian Journal of Applied Science, 3(3), 2484.
  • [24] Crépon, K., Marget, P., Peyronnet, C., Carrouée, B., Arese, P., Duc, G. 2010. Nutritional Value of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Seeds for Feed and Food. Field Crops Research, 115, 329-339.
  • [25] Ivarsson, E., Neil, M. 2018. Variations in Nutritional and Antinutritional Contents Among Faba Bean Cultivars and Effects on Growth Performance of Weaner Pigs. Livest Science, 212, 14-21.
  • [26] Korsvold, K. K. 2020. Starch and Protein Accumulation During Seed Development of Field Grown Faba Beans (Vicia faba L. cv. vertigo) in Norway. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Master’s Thesis, 38s, Norway.
  • [27] Mekkei, M. E. 2014. Effect of Intra-Row Spacing and Seed Size on Yield and Seed Quality of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 7(10), 665-670.
  • [28] Karkanis, A., Ntatsi, G., Lepse, L., Fernández, J. A., Vågen, I. M., Rewald, B., Alsiņa, I., Kronberga, A., Balliu, A., Olle, M., Bodner, G., Dubova, L., Rosa, E., Savvas, D. 2018. Faba Bean Cultivation – Revealing Novel Managing Practices for More Sustainable and Competitive European Cropping Systems. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9(1115), 1–14.
  • [29] Akgun, D. 2020. Evaluation and Selection of Some Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes for Agricultural and Biochemical Properties. Akdeniz University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops, Master’s Thesis, 60s, Antalya.
  • [30] Turkeri, M. 2016. Determining Some Morphological and Agronomical Characters of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Landraces Collected from Turkey. Cukurova University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops. PhD Thesis, 120s, Adana.
  • [31] Hendawey, M. H., Younes, A. M. A. 2013. Biochemical Evaluation of Some Faba Bean Cultivars Under Rainfed Conditions at El-heikh Zuwayid. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 5892, 183.
  • [32] Musalam, I. W., Al-Karaki, G., Ereif, K. I., Tawaha, A. M. 2004. Chemical Composition of Faba Bean Cultivars Under Rained and Irrigation Conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(2), 359.
  • [33] Pisulewska, E., Hanczakowski, P., Szymczyk, B., Ernest, T., Kulig, B. 1996. Comparison of Chemical Composition, Content of Anti-Nutritive Substances and Nutritive Value of Seeds of Nine Faba Bean Varieties (Vicia faba L.) Cultivated in Two Growing Seasons. Roczniki Naukowe Zootechniki, 23(2), 253.
  • [34] Fordoński, G., Pszczółkowska, A., Krzebietke, S., Olszewski, J., Okorski, A. 2015. Yield and Mineral Composition of Seeds of Leguminous Plants and Grain of Spring Wheat as well as Their Residual Effect on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Winter Oilseed Rape Seed. Journal of Elementology, 20 (4), 827.
  • [35] Woźniak, A., Soroka, M., Stępniowska, A., Makarski, B. 2014. Chemical Composition of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds Depending on Tillage Systems. Journal of Elementology, 19(4), 1143.
  • [36] Milczarek, A., Osek, M. 2016. Partial Replacement of Soya Bean with Low-Tannin Faba Bean Varieties (Albus or Amulet): Effects on Growth Traits, Slaughtering Parameters and Meat Quality of Pulawska Pigs. Annals of Animal Science, 16(2), 477.

Baklada Çeşit, Bölge ve Bitki Yoğunluğu gibi Farklılıkların Tane Kalite Kriterleri Arasındaki İlişkiye Etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 236 - 244, 20.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1039801

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, iki çeşit bakla iki farklı lokasyonda üç farklı bitki yoğunluğunda yetiştirilmiş ve tane kalite kriterleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak baklagillerin kül, yağ, nem, protein, nişasta ve yüz tane ağırlığı (HGW) değerleri sırasıyla %3.44-3.76, %1.16-1.70, %10.63-11.58, %25.71-31.15, %37.86-44.75 ve 97.53-157.50 g arasında değişmiştir. Korelasyon analizinde, nem ile yağ; protein ile kül, yağ ve nem; yüz tane ağırlığı ile yağ ve nem arasında önemli etkileşim gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, özellikler arası etkileşimin anlamlılık düzeyinin faktörlere göre farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. PCA sonuçlarında, her lokasyonun ayrı gruplar oluşturduğu kaydedilmiştir. Genel olarak Şanlı-Urfa lokasyonunda tüm özellikler yüksek ve olumlu bulunmuştur. Çeşitler açısından yüz tane ağırlığı dışındaki tüm özelliklerin verileri istatistiksel olarak aynı iken, yüz tane ağırlığı değeri Salkım çeşidinde yüksektir. Sıra arası mesafeler nişasta ve HGW özelliklerini önemli ölçüde etkilemiş, nişasta ve HGW açısından en yüksek değerler sırasıyla 60 cm ve 50 cm sıra aralıkları arasında elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, kullanılan çeşitlerin ve bitki yoğunluklarının lokasyonlara göre kalite kriterlerini önemli ölçüde etkilediği anlaşılmıştır.

Project Number

2017/1-13YLS; 1129B371901423

References

  • [1] Maalouf, F. 2011. Faba Bean Improvement at ICARDA: Constraints and Challenges. Grain legumes, 56, 13-14.
  • [2] IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute). 2010. Fertilizer and Soil Fertility Potential in Ethiopia. Working Paper. Washington: IFPRI. Institute. UK. 26- 47p.
  • [3] Jensen, E. S., Peoples, M., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. 2010. Faba Bean in Cropping Systems. Field Crops Research, 115(3), 203–216.
  • [4] McVicar, R., Panchuk, D., Brenzil, C., Hartley, S., Pearse, P., Vandenberg, A. 2013. Faba Bean Gov. Saskatchewan, Agriculture, Crops.
  • [5] Fekadu, G., Lire, E., Asfaw, A., Alemayehu, F., Rezene, Y., Ambachew, D. 2012. GGE-Biplot Analysis of Grain Yield of Faba Bean Genotypes in Southern Ethiopia. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 3(3), 898-907.
  • [6] Duc, G., Pascal, M., Paolo, A. 2011. Breeding Priorities for Improved Nutritional Value of Vicia faba Seeds. Grain Legumes, 56, 17-18.
  • [7] Multari, S., Stewart, D., Russell, W. R. 2015. Potential of Faba Bean as Future Protein Supply to Partially Replace Meat Intake in the Human Diet. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 14(5), 511–522.
  • [8] Vasilean, I. I., Aprodu, I., Vasilean, I., Patrașcu, L. 2018. Pulse Flour Based Emulsions - The Effect of Oil Type on Technological and Functional Characteristics. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia., 63, 199–214.
  • [9] El-Feky, A. M., Elbatanony, M. M., Mounier, M. M. 2018. Anti-cancer Potential of the Lipoidal and Flavonoidal Compounds from Pisum sativum and Vicia faba Peels. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences., 5(4), 258–264.
  • [10] Shevkani, K., Singh, N., Chen, Y., Kaur, A., Yu, L. 2019. Pulse Proteins: Secondary Structure, Functionality and Applications. Journal of Food Science and Technology., 56(6), 2787–2798.
  • [11] Daryanto, S., Wang, L., Jacinthe, P. A. 2017. Global Synthesis of Drought Effects on Cereal, Legume, Tuber and Root Crops Production: A Review. Agricultural Water Management 179, 18-33.
  • [12] Maalouf, F., Hu, J., Sullivan, D. M. O., Zong, X., Hamwieh, A., Kumar, S., Baum, M. 2019. Breeding and Genomics Status in Faba Bean (Vicia faba). Plant Breeding., 138, 465–473.
  • [13] Daryanto, S., Wang, L., Jacinthe, P. A. 2015. Global Synthesis of Drought Effects on Food Legume Production. PLoS One, 10(6), e0127401.
  • [14] Tadele, M. 2019. Breeding Achievements of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Its Impact In The Livelihood of Ethiopian Farmers. International Journal of Agriculture and Bioscicence, 8 (5), 263-269.
  • [15] Parvin, S., Uddin, S., Tausz-Posch, S., Fitzgerald, G., Armstrong, R., Tausz, M. 2019. Elevated CO2 Improves Yield and N2 Fixation But Not Grain N Concentration of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Subjected to Terminal Drought. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 165, 161–173.
  • [16] Gemechu, K., Asnake, F., Million, E. 2016. Reflections on Highland Pulses Improvement Research in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(16), 17-50.
  • [17] Kara, Z., Yururdurmaz, C., Cokkizgin, A., Keles, H., Gonen, E. 2021. The Effects of Wheat Straw used as Mulch on Some Chemical Properties of the Soil and Grain Yield in Durum Wheat. Elixir Agriculture 154, 55382-55386.
  • [18] Anonymous, 2018a. Records of Kahramanmaras Meteorology Directorate. Kahramanmaras.
  • [19] Anonymous, 2018b. Sanliurfa Meteorology Directorate Records. Sanliurfa.
  • [20] Yildiz, K. 2018. Determination of Using Suitable Genotypes of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) for the Purpose of Fresh and Dry Grains. Ondokuz Mayis University, Graduate School of Sciences, Department of Agronomy, Master’s Thesis, 110s, Samsun.
  • [21] Baloch, K., Rizwan, S., Mahmood, K., Jan, M. H., Hussain, J., Shah, A., Khan, I., Mehmood, Z., Iqbal, S., Azam, M., Sajjad, A. 2017. Biochemical and Trace Elements Composition of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Cultivated in Panjgur and Kech Districts of Balochistan. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 6(3), 981-988.
  • [22] Ksiezak, J., Bojarszczuk, J., Staniak, M. 2018. Evaluation of the Concentration of Nutrients in the Seeds of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L. major) and Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Depending on Habitat Conditions. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 27(3), 1133-1143.
  • [23] Sarah, A., Abusin, E., Hassan, A. B., Babiker, E. E. 2009. Nutritional Evaluation of Cooked Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and White Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars. Australian Journal of Applied Science, 3(3), 2484.
  • [24] Crépon, K., Marget, P., Peyronnet, C., Carrouée, B., Arese, P., Duc, G. 2010. Nutritional Value of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Seeds for Feed and Food. Field Crops Research, 115, 329-339.
  • [25] Ivarsson, E., Neil, M. 2018. Variations in Nutritional and Antinutritional Contents Among Faba Bean Cultivars and Effects on Growth Performance of Weaner Pigs. Livest Science, 212, 14-21.
  • [26] Korsvold, K. K. 2020. Starch and Protein Accumulation During Seed Development of Field Grown Faba Beans (Vicia faba L. cv. vertigo) in Norway. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Master’s Thesis, 38s, Norway.
  • [27] Mekkei, M. E. 2014. Effect of Intra-Row Spacing and Seed Size on Yield and Seed Quality of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 7(10), 665-670.
  • [28] Karkanis, A., Ntatsi, G., Lepse, L., Fernández, J. A., Vågen, I. M., Rewald, B., Alsiņa, I., Kronberga, A., Balliu, A., Olle, M., Bodner, G., Dubova, L., Rosa, E., Savvas, D. 2018. Faba Bean Cultivation – Revealing Novel Managing Practices for More Sustainable and Competitive European Cropping Systems. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9(1115), 1–14.
  • [29] Akgun, D. 2020. Evaluation and Selection of Some Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes for Agricultural and Biochemical Properties. Akdeniz University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops, Master’s Thesis, 60s, Antalya.
  • [30] Turkeri, M. 2016. Determining Some Morphological and Agronomical Characters of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Landraces Collected from Turkey. Cukurova University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops. PhD Thesis, 120s, Adana.
  • [31] Hendawey, M. H., Younes, A. M. A. 2013. Biochemical Evaluation of Some Faba Bean Cultivars Under Rainfed Conditions at El-heikh Zuwayid. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 5892, 183.
  • [32] Musalam, I. W., Al-Karaki, G., Ereif, K. I., Tawaha, A. M. 2004. Chemical Composition of Faba Bean Cultivars Under Rained and Irrigation Conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(2), 359.
  • [33] Pisulewska, E., Hanczakowski, P., Szymczyk, B., Ernest, T., Kulig, B. 1996. Comparison of Chemical Composition, Content of Anti-Nutritive Substances and Nutritive Value of Seeds of Nine Faba Bean Varieties (Vicia faba L.) Cultivated in Two Growing Seasons. Roczniki Naukowe Zootechniki, 23(2), 253.
  • [34] Fordoński, G., Pszczółkowska, A., Krzebietke, S., Olszewski, J., Okorski, A. 2015. Yield and Mineral Composition of Seeds of Leguminous Plants and Grain of Spring Wheat as well as Their Residual Effect on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Winter Oilseed Rape Seed. Journal of Elementology, 20 (4), 827.
  • [35] Woźniak, A., Soroka, M., Stępniowska, A., Makarski, B. 2014. Chemical Composition of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds Depending on Tillage Systems. Journal of Elementology, 19(4), 1143.
  • [36] Milczarek, A., Osek, M. 2016. Partial Replacement of Soya Bean with Low-Tannin Faba Bean Varieties (Albus or Amulet): Effects on Growth Traits, Slaughtering Parameters and Meat Quality of Pulawska Pigs. Annals of Animal Science, 16(2), 477.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Gülay Zulkadir 0000-0003-3488-4011

Leyla İdikut 0000-0002-0685-7158

Yunus Emre Çapar 0000-0002-9705-5723

Project Number 2017/1-13YLS; 1129B371901423
Publication Date August 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Zulkadir, G., İdikut, L., & Çapar, Y. E. (2022). The Effects of Differences such as Variety, Region and Plant Density on the Relationship between Grain Quality Criteria in Faba Bean. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(2), 236-244. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1039801
AMA Zulkadir G, İdikut L, Çapar YE. The Effects of Differences such as Variety, Region and Plant Density on the Relationship between Grain Quality Criteria in Faba Bean. SDÜ Fen Bil Enst Der. August 2022;26(2):236-244. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.1039801
Chicago Zulkadir, Gülay, Leyla İdikut, and Yunus Emre Çapar. “The Effects of Differences Such As Variety, Region and Plant Density on the Relationship Between Grain Quality Criteria in Faba Bean”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26, no. 2 (August 2022): 236-44. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1039801.
EndNote Zulkadir G, İdikut L, Çapar YE (August 1, 2022) The Effects of Differences such as Variety, Region and Plant Density on the Relationship between Grain Quality Criteria in Faba Bean. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26 2 236–244.
IEEE G. Zulkadir, L. İdikut, and Y. E. Çapar, “The Effects of Differences such as Variety, Region and Plant Density on the Relationship between Grain Quality Criteria in Faba Bean”, SDÜ Fen Bil Enst Der, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 236–244, 2022, doi: 10.19113/sdufenbed.1039801.
ISNAD Zulkadir, Gülay et al. “The Effects of Differences Such As Variety, Region and Plant Density on the Relationship Between Grain Quality Criteria in Faba Bean”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26/2 (August 2022), 236-244. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1039801.
JAMA Zulkadir G, İdikut L, Çapar YE. The Effects of Differences such as Variety, Region and Plant Density on the Relationship between Grain Quality Criteria in Faba Bean. SDÜ Fen Bil Enst Der. 2022;26:236–244.
MLA Zulkadir, Gülay et al. “The Effects of Differences Such As Variety, Region and Plant Density on the Relationship Between Grain Quality Criteria in Faba Bean”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 2, 2022, pp. 236-44, doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.1039801.
Vancouver Zulkadir G, İdikut L, Çapar YE. The Effects of Differences such as Variety, Region and Plant Density on the Relationship between Grain Quality Criteria in Faba Bean. SDÜ Fen Bil Enst Der. 2022;26(2):236-44.

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