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Corona Virus (Covid-19) ve Üreme Sistemi İlişkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 363 - 368, 21.09.2020

Abstract

Korona Virüs-19 (Covid-19) 2019 yılının sonlarında Çin’de ortaya çıkmış ve vaka sayılarının hızla artmasından dolayı Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Covid-19, bu güne kadar 5 milyondan fazla vakaya ve 300 binin üzerinde de hastanın ölüme neden olmuştur. Bu virüsünün RNA’sının sivri proteinleri, viral enfeksiyona aracılık etmek için hedef hücrelerin hücresel reseptörleri ile birleşir, daha sonra sitoplazmada viral replikasyon başlar. SARS-CoV'nin ana hedefleri akciğerler, bağışıklık organları ve sistemik küçük damarlardır ve sistemik vaskülite neden olur.SARS koronavirüsünün (SARS-CoV) füzyon protein geni klonlanarak ve karakterize edilmiş ve daha sonra anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzimin (ACE) fonksiyonel reseptörü olduğu gösterilmiştir ACE bir çinko metallopeptidazdır, endotel ve epitel hücrelerinin yüzeyinde yaygın olarak bulunur. İnsan dokuları arasında ince bağırsak, testis, böbrekler, kalp, tiroid ve yağ dokusu en yüksek ACE ekspresyon seviyelerine sahipken, kan, dalak, kemik iliği, beyin, kan damarları ve kas en düşük ACE ekspresyon seviyelerine sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Akciğer, kolon, karaciğer, mesane, böbrek üstü bezi, ACE ekspresyonun orta seviyelerde olduğu gösterilmiştir. İlk başlarda sadece solunum sistemini etkilediği düşünülse de ACE enziminin vücudun birçok dokusunda eksprese edilmesinden dolayı çalışmalar diğer sistemlere doğru kaymıştır. İnsan vücudun da birçok dokuda ekspresse edilen ACE enziminin fizyolojik etkileri üzerinde durulmuş, olası patolojileri üzerinde çalışmalara başlanmıştır. Üreme sistemi en yüksek ACE ekspresyon seviyelerine sahiptir; özellikle de overler, uterus ve testislerde enzim ekspresyonun yüksek seviye olduğu görülmektedir. Corona virüs enfeksiyonu geçiren hastalarda olası etkileri üzerinde durulsa da üreme sistemi ile ilgili yeterince çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Koronavirüsün uzun dönemde birçok organ ve sistem üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konulabilecek olmasına rağmen ilk verilerle üreme sistemi ile olan ilişkisine dikkat çekmek yerinde olacaktır. Üreme sistemine olan etkileri ACE enziminin rol oynadığı birçok fizyolojik fonksiyonda bozulmayla karşımıza çıkması olasıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı araştırmacıların korona virüsün üreme sistemi üzerinde olası etkilerine dikkat çekmektir.

References

  • KAYNAKÇA 1. Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, Tan YY, Chen SD, Jin HJ, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak- A n update on the status. Military Medical Research. 2020. 2. Gralinski LE, Menachery VD. Return of the coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses. 2020. 3. Ding Y, Wang H, Shen H, Li Z, Geng J, Han H, et al. The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): A report from China. J Pathol. 2003; 4. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 5. Kuhn JH, Li W, Choe H, Farzan M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: A functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2004. 6. Yan R, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xia L, Guo Y, Zhou Q. Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2. Science (80- ). 2020; 7. Erdos EG. Angiotensin I converting enzyme. Circ Res. 1975; 8. Sayed-Tabatabaei FA, Oostra BA, Isaacs A, Van Duijn CM, Witteman JCM. ACE polymorphisms. Circulation Research. 2006. 9. Brewster UC, Perazella MA. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the kidney: Effects on kidney disease. American Journal of Medicine. 2004. 10. Carluccio M, Soccio M, De Caterina R. Aspects of gene polymorphisms in cardiovascular disease: The renin-angiotensin system. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2001. 11. Rajagopalan S, Kurz S, Münzel T, Tarpey M, Freeman BA, Griendling KK, et al. Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation: Contribution to alterations of vasomotor tone. J Clin Invest. 1996; 12. Jaspard E, Wei L, Alhenc-Gelas F. Differences in the properties and enzymatic specificities of the two active sites of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (kininase II). Studies with bradykinin and other natural peptides. J Biol Chem. 1993; 13. Roy SN, Kusari J, Soffer RL, Lai CY, Sen GC. Isolation of cDNA clones of rabbit angiotensin converting enzyme: Identification of two distinct mRNAs for the pulmonary and the testicular isozymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988; 14. Li M-Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang X-S. Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020; 15. Lonsdale J, Thomas J, Salvatore M, Phillips R, Lo E, Shad S, et al. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Nature Genetics. 2013. 16. Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis MLC, Lely AT, Navis GJ, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004; 17. Zhang Y, Geng X, Tan Y, Li Q, Xu C, Xu J, et al. New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 2020. 18. Hayashi K-G, Acosta TJ, Tetsuka M, Berisha B, Matsui M, Schams D, et al. Involvement of Angiopoietin-Tie System in Bovine Follicular Development and Atresia: Messenger RNA Expression in Theca Interna and Effect on Steroid Secretion1. Biol Reprod. 2003; 19. Speth RC, Daubert DL, Grove KL. Angiotensin II: A reproductive hormone too? Regulatory Peptides. 1999. 20. Fan C, Li K, Ding Y, Lu WL, Wang J. ACE2 Expression in Kidney and Testis May Cause Kidney and Testis Damage After 2019-nCoV Infection. medRxiv. 2020; 21. Wang Z, Xu X. scRNA-seq Profiling of Human Testes Reveals the Presence of the ACE2 Receptor, A Target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli Cells. Cells. 2020; 22. Cavallo IK, Dela Cruz C, Oliveira ML, Del Puerto HL, Dias JA, Lobach VN, et al. Angiotensin-(1-7) in human follicular fluid correlates with oocyte maturation. Hum Reprod. 2017;
  • 23. Hering L, Herse F, Geusens N, Verlohren S, Wenzel K, Staff AC, et al. Effects of circulating and local uteroplacental angiotensin ii in rat pregnancy. Hypertension. 2010; 24. Neves LAA, Stovall K, Joyner JN, Valdés G, Gallagher PE, Ferrario CM, et al. ACE2 and ANG-(1-7) in the rat uterus during early and late gestation. Am J Physiol - Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008; 25. Anton L, Merrill DC, Neves LAA, Diz DI, Corthorn J, Valdes G, et al. The uterine placental bed renin-angiotensin system in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. Endocrinology. 2009; 26. Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020; 27. Dejucq N, Jégou B. Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2001; 28. Li N, Wang T, Han D. Structural, cellular and molecular aspects of immune privilege in the testis. Frontiers in Immunology. 2012. 29. Li W, Moore MJ, Vasllieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature. 2003; 30. Harmer D, Gilbert M, Borman R, Clark KL. Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme. FEBS Lett. 2002;
  • 31. Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, Karran E, Christie G, Turner AJ. A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme: Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem. 2000; 32. Xu J, Qi L, Chi X, Yang J, Wei X, Gong E, et al. Orchitis: A Complication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)1. Biol Reprod. 2006; 33. Zhao J min, Zhou G de, Sun Y ling, Wang S shan, Yang J fa, Meng E hong, et al. Clinical pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi. 2003;17(3):217–21. 34. Hagaman JR, Moyer JS, Bachman ES, Sibony M, Magyar PL, Welch JE, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme and male fertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 35. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020; 36. Li D, Jin M, Bao P, Zhao W, Zhang S. Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw open. 2020;3(5):e208292.
Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 363 - 368, 21.09.2020

Abstract

References

  • KAYNAKÇA 1. Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, Tan YY, Chen SD, Jin HJ, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak- A n update on the status. Military Medical Research. 2020. 2. Gralinski LE, Menachery VD. Return of the coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses. 2020. 3. Ding Y, Wang H, Shen H, Li Z, Geng J, Han H, et al. The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): A report from China. J Pathol. 2003; 4. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 5. Kuhn JH, Li W, Choe H, Farzan M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: A functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2004. 6. Yan R, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xia L, Guo Y, Zhou Q. Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2. Science (80- ). 2020; 7. Erdos EG. Angiotensin I converting enzyme. Circ Res. 1975; 8. Sayed-Tabatabaei FA, Oostra BA, Isaacs A, Van Duijn CM, Witteman JCM. ACE polymorphisms. Circulation Research. 2006. 9. Brewster UC, Perazella MA. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the kidney: Effects on kidney disease. American Journal of Medicine. 2004. 10. Carluccio M, Soccio M, De Caterina R. Aspects of gene polymorphisms in cardiovascular disease: The renin-angiotensin system. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2001. 11. Rajagopalan S, Kurz S, Münzel T, Tarpey M, Freeman BA, Griendling KK, et al. Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation: Contribution to alterations of vasomotor tone. J Clin Invest. 1996; 12. Jaspard E, Wei L, Alhenc-Gelas F. Differences in the properties and enzymatic specificities of the two active sites of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (kininase II). Studies with bradykinin and other natural peptides. J Biol Chem. 1993; 13. Roy SN, Kusari J, Soffer RL, Lai CY, Sen GC. Isolation of cDNA clones of rabbit angiotensin converting enzyme: Identification of two distinct mRNAs for the pulmonary and the testicular isozymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988; 14. Li M-Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang X-S. Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020; 15. Lonsdale J, Thomas J, Salvatore M, Phillips R, Lo E, Shad S, et al. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Nature Genetics. 2013. 16. Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis MLC, Lely AT, Navis GJ, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004; 17. Zhang Y, Geng X, Tan Y, Li Q, Xu C, Xu J, et al. New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 2020. 18. Hayashi K-G, Acosta TJ, Tetsuka M, Berisha B, Matsui M, Schams D, et al. Involvement of Angiopoietin-Tie System in Bovine Follicular Development and Atresia: Messenger RNA Expression in Theca Interna and Effect on Steroid Secretion1. Biol Reprod. 2003; 19. Speth RC, Daubert DL, Grove KL. Angiotensin II: A reproductive hormone too? Regulatory Peptides. 1999. 20. Fan C, Li K, Ding Y, Lu WL, Wang J. ACE2 Expression in Kidney and Testis May Cause Kidney and Testis Damage After 2019-nCoV Infection. medRxiv. 2020; 21. Wang Z, Xu X. scRNA-seq Profiling of Human Testes Reveals the Presence of the ACE2 Receptor, A Target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli Cells. Cells. 2020; 22. Cavallo IK, Dela Cruz C, Oliveira ML, Del Puerto HL, Dias JA, Lobach VN, et al. Angiotensin-(1-7) in human follicular fluid correlates with oocyte maturation. Hum Reprod. 2017;
  • 23. Hering L, Herse F, Geusens N, Verlohren S, Wenzel K, Staff AC, et al. Effects of circulating and local uteroplacental angiotensin ii in rat pregnancy. Hypertension. 2010; 24. Neves LAA, Stovall K, Joyner JN, Valdés G, Gallagher PE, Ferrario CM, et al. ACE2 and ANG-(1-7) in the rat uterus during early and late gestation. Am J Physiol - Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008; 25. Anton L, Merrill DC, Neves LAA, Diz DI, Corthorn J, Valdes G, et al. The uterine placental bed renin-angiotensin system in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. Endocrinology. 2009; 26. Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020; 27. Dejucq N, Jégou B. Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2001; 28. Li N, Wang T, Han D. Structural, cellular and molecular aspects of immune privilege in the testis. Frontiers in Immunology. 2012. 29. Li W, Moore MJ, Vasllieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature. 2003; 30. Harmer D, Gilbert M, Borman R, Clark KL. Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme. FEBS Lett. 2002;
  • 31. Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, Karran E, Christie G, Turner AJ. A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme: Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem. 2000; 32. Xu J, Qi L, Chi X, Yang J, Wei X, Gong E, et al. Orchitis: A Complication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)1. Biol Reprod. 2006; 33. Zhao J min, Zhou G de, Sun Y ling, Wang S shan, Yang J fa, Meng E hong, et al. Clinical pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi. 2003;17(3):217–21. 34. Hagaman JR, Moyer JS, Bachman ES, Sibony M, Magyar PL, Welch JE, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme and male fertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 35. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020; 36. Li D, Jin M, Bao P, Zhao W, Zhang S. Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw open. 2020;3(5):e208292.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Ayşegül Yurt 0000-0002-6764-3727

Mustafa Saygın 0000-0003-4925-3503

Publication Date September 21, 2020
Submission Date June 4, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Yurt A, Saygın M. Corona Virus (Covid-19) ve Üreme Sistemi İlişkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;11(3):363-8.

SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, makalenin gönderilmesi ve yayınlanması dahil olmak üzere hiçbir aşamada herhangi bir ücret talep etmemektedir. Dergimiz, bilimsel araştırmaları okuyucuya ücretsiz sunmanın bilginin küresel paylaşımını artıracağı ilkesini benimseyerek, içeriğine anında açık erişim sağlamaktadır.