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COVID-19 and the Nervous System

Year 2021, Volume: 28 Issue: COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI, 167 - 169, 01.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.908277

Abstract

Neurologic complications are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides respiratory disease, neurological manifestations such as headache, dizziness, hyposmia, hypogeusia, acute cerebrovascular disease, encephalopathy, encephalitis are common. These complications may result from various mechanisms; virus-induced hyperinflammation and hypercoagulable states, a direct viral effect on the central nervous system, and post-infectious autoimmunity. We must keep in mind diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection when patients present with specific or non-specific neurological symptoms during the pandemic.

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References

  • 1. Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020;109:102433.
  • 2. Huang C,Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J,Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan,China. Lancet. 2020. 395(10223):497–506.
  • 3. Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological complications of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): encephalopathy. Cureus 2020.12(3):e7352.
  • 4. Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, et al. Central nervous system involvement by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Virol 2020;92(7):699–702
  • 5. Baig A, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020;11:995-998.
  • 6. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMANeurol. 2020:e201127.
  • 7. Solomon IH, Normandin E, Bhattacharyya S, et al. Neuropathological features of COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020.
  • 8. Li M‐Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang X‐S. Expression of the SARSCoV‐2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9:45.
  • 9. Michalicová A, Bhide K, Bhide M, Kováč A. How viruses infiltrate the central nervous system. Acta Virol. 2017;61:393–400.
  • 10. DosSantos MF, Devalle S, Aran V, et al. Neuromechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2: a review. Front Neuroanat. 2020;14.
  • 11. Ye M, Ren Y, Lv T. Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun. 2020.
  • 12. Moriguchi T. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis 2020. 94:55–58
  • 13.Saitgareeva AR, Bulygin KV, Gareev IF, Beylerli OA, Akhmadeeva LR. The role of microglia in the development of neurodegeneration. Neurol Sci2020.
  • 14. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033–4.
  • 15. Li Y, Wang M, Zhou Y, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective. Obs Study. 2020.
  • 16. Klok F, Kruip M, van der Meer N, Arbuos M, Gommers D, Kant K. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020;S0049-3848(20):30120–30121.
  • 17. Connors J, Levy J. Thromboinflammation and hypercoagulability of COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020.
  • 18. Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395(10234):1417–8.
  • 19. Avula A, Nalleballe K, Narula N, Sapozhnikov S, Dandu V, Toom S. COVID-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun. 2020.
  • 20.Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, et al. Neurologic features in severe SARSCoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med. 2020.
  • 21. Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, et al. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.
  • 22. Zhou WUL, Ni F, Ji W, Wu J, Zhang H. Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy: a systematic review. Neural Regen Res. 2014;9:101-110.
  • 23. Gutierrez-Ortiz C, Mendez A, Rodrigo-Rey S, et al. Miller fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19. Neurology. 2020.
  • 24.Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med. 2020
  • 25. Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, Liu J, Chen S. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? Lancet Neurol.2020;10(5):383–4.

COVID-19 ve Sinir Sistemi

Year 2021, Volume: 28 Issue: COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI, 167 - 169, 01.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.908277

Abstract

Nörolojik komplikasyonlar, COVID-19 pandemisinde önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Birçok hastada solunum yetmezliği dışında; baş ağrısı, baş dönmesi, koku-tat duyusunda azalma, akut serebrovasküler hastalık, ensefalopati, ensefalit tablosu gibi nörolojik bulgular görülmektedir. Bu komplikasyonlar, virüs kaynaklı hiperinflamasyon ve hiperkoagülasyon, merkezi sinir sisteminin doğrudan virüs ile enfeksiyonu ve postenfeksiyöz immün aracılı süreçler gibi çeşitli mekanizmalarla açıklanmaktadır. COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında, spesifik olan veya olmayan nörolojik bulgularla başvuran hastalarda SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu mutlaka hatırlanmalıdır.

References

  • 1. Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020;109:102433.
  • 2. Huang C,Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J,Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan,China. Lancet. 2020. 395(10223):497–506.
  • 3. Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological complications of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): encephalopathy. Cureus 2020.12(3):e7352.
  • 4. Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, et al. Central nervous system involvement by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Virol 2020;92(7):699–702
  • 5. Baig A, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020;11:995-998.
  • 6. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMANeurol. 2020:e201127.
  • 7. Solomon IH, Normandin E, Bhattacharyya S, et al. Neuropathological features of COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020.
  • 8. Li M‐Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang X‐S. Expression of the SARSCoV‐2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9:45.
  • 9. Michalicová A, Bhide K, Bhide M, Kováč A. How viruses infiltrate the central nervous system. Acta Virol. 2017;61:393–400.
  • 10. DosSantos MF, Devalle S, Aran V, et al. Neuromechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2: a review. Front Neuroanat. 2020;14.
  • 11. Ye M, Ren Y, Lv T. Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun. 2020.
  • 12. Moriguchi T. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis 2020. 94:55–58
  • 13.Saitgareeva AR, Bulygin KV, Gareev IF, Beylerli OA, Akhmadeeva LR. The role of microglia in the development of neurodegeneration. Neurol Sci2020.
  • 14. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033–4.
  • 15. Li Y, Wang M, Zhou Y, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective. Obs Study. 2020.
  • 16. Klok F, Kruip M, van der Meer N, Arbuos M, Gommers D, Kant K. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020;S0049-3848(20):30120–30121.
  • 17. Connors J, Levy J. Thromboinflammation and hypercoagulability of COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020.
  • 18. Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395(10234):1417–8.
  • 19. Avula A, Nalleballe K, Narula N, Sapozhnikov S, Dandu V, Toom S. COVID-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun. 2020.
  • 20.Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, et al. Neurologic features in severe SARSCoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med. 2020.
  • 21. Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, et al. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.
  • 22. Zhou WUL, Ni F, Ji W, Wu J, Zhang H. Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy: a systematic review. Neural Regen Res. 2014;9:101-110.
  • 23. Gutierrez-Ortiz C, Mendez A, Rodrigo-Rey S, et al. Miller fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19. Neurology. 2020.
  • 24.Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med. 2020
  • 25. Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, Liu J, Chen S. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? Lancet Neurol.2020;10(5):383–4.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Müjgan Arslan 0000-0002-0486-3431

Publication Date May 1, 2021
Submission Date April 6, 2021
Acceptance Date April 16, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 28 Issue: COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI

Cite

Vancouver Arslan M. COVID-19 and the Nervous System. Med J SDU. 2021;28(COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI):167-9.

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