<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>jscs</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Selçuklu Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2651-2602</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2548-0367</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Necmettin Erbakan University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47702/sema.2025.72</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Medieval Age Archeology</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Ortaçağ Arkeolojisi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Akşehir Nasreddin Hoca Arkeoloji ve Etnografya Müzesindeki Daniel Kabartmalı Başlık</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>A Capital with a Daniel Relief in the Akşehir Nasreddin Hoca Archaeology and Ethnography Museum</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-4810</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Karakök</surname>
                                    <given-names>Cahit</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-5355</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Mimiroğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>İlker Mete</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20251231">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>10</issue>
                                        <fpage>146</fpage>
                                        <lpage>156</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251111">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>11</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251226">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>26</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Journal of Seljuk Civilisational Studies</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Seljuk Civilisational Studies</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Bu makale, Konya’nın Doğanhisar ilçesinde bulunarak Akşehir Nasreddin Hoca Arkeoloji ve Etnografya Müzesi’ne (Env. No. 578) teslim edilen, Aslanlar arasında Daniel sahnesinin kabartma olarak işlendiği kireç taşı malzemeden yapılmış paye başlığını bilimsel açıdan incelemektedir. Abaküs kısmı 63 x 22.5 cm ölçülerindeki eserin ön yüzünde, orans (dua) duruşunda, çıplak ve Frig başlığı takmış olarak cepheden betimlenen Daniel figürü ile iki yanında asimetrik ve itaatkâr pozisyonda aslanlar yer almaktadır. Kabartma tekniği derin işlenmiş figürler alçak/yarı yüksek kabartma kategorisindedir. Daniel figürünün yüzünün iki yanındaki Grekçe “ΔΑΝ-Ι-ΗΛ” yazıtı eserin kimliğini kesinleştirmektedir. İkonografik olarak, Daniel’in aslanlar ininde kurtuluşu teması, Erken Hristiyanlık’tan itibaren ilahi inayet, iman gücü ve dirilişin sembolü olarak yaygın kabul görmüştür. Daniel’in çıplak ve orans duruşunda tasviri, bir yandan dirilişi öncelerken, diğer yandan çile çekme sonrası kurtuluş inancını yansıtır. Makale, Daniel&#039;in çıplak ve lüks giysili betimleme varyantlarını, bunların Hristiyan dünyasındaki bölgesel dağılımı (katakomplar/kiliseler) ve anlam farklılıklarını tartışır. Tarihlendirme bağlamında, eserin bulunduğu Akşehir’in (Philomelion), Bizans Dönemi’nde stratejik bir piskoposluk merkezi olması ve Daniel ikonografisinin 3. yüzyıldan itibaren tüm Hristiyan dünyasında, Anadolu’da ise en erken Sardis Sinagogu’nda (5. yüzyıl) görülmesi, eserin Bizans Dönemi taş süsleme geleneği içinde 4.-5. tarihlendirilmesi için güçlü veriler sunar. Bu paye başlığı, Anadolu’daki Daniel ikonografisi literatürüne önemli bir bölgesel katkı sunmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Akşehir Müzesi,  Daniel ve Aslanlar, Bizans Sanatı, İkonografi, Başlık,</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                                            <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This article presents a scholarly analysis of a capital made of limestone, featuring the relief carving of Daniel among the Lions, which was discovered in the Doğanhisar district of Konya and subsequently delivered to the Akşehir Nasreddin Hoca Archaeology and Ethnography Museum (Inv. No. 578). The capital, with an abacus measuring 63 x 22.5 cm, depicts the figure of Daniel on its front face. Daniel is portrayed frontally, in the orant (prayer) posture, nude, and wearing a Phrygian cap. Flanking him are two lions, rendered symmetrically in submissive and obedient positions. The deeply incised figures, executed in relief technique, fall into the category of low/semi-high relief. The Greek inscription “ΔΑΝ-Ι-ΗΛ” placed on either side of Daniel’s face definitively confirms the identity of the subject. Iconographically, the theme of Daniel’s salvation in the lions&#039; den has been widely accepted since the Early Christian period as a symbol of Divine Providence, the power of faith, and resurrection. Daniel&#039;s depiction as nude and in the orant posture simultaneously anticipates resurrection and reflects the belief in salvation following ordeal/suffering. The article discusses the variants in Daniel&#039;s depiction—nude versus luxuriously clothed—along with their regional distribution within the Christian world (e.g., catacombs/churches) and their different semantic implications. In terms of dating, the strategic significance of Akşehir (ancient Philomelion) as an Episcopal center during the Byzantine period, coupled with the fact that Daniel iconography appears throughout the Christian world from the 3th century onward (with its earliest known example in Anatolia being the Sardis Synagogue in the 5th century), the evidence strongly suggests a dating to the 4th–5th century within the tradition of Byzantine stone carving. This capital thus constitutes a significant regional contribution to the literature on Daniel iconography in Anatolia. Keywords: Akşehir Museum,  Byzantine Art, Capital, Daniel and Lions, İconography,</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Akşehir Müzesi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Daniel ve Aslanlar</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bizans Sanatı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İkonografi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Başlık</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                    
                                                                                                        <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Akşehir Museum</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Byzantine Art</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Capital</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Daniel and Lions</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İconography</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aydın, Ayşe. “Tarsus Müzesi’ndeki Daniel Betimli Levha”. Adalya 6 (2003), 265-280.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Baldıran, Asuman – Abay, Nizam. “Doğanhisar Mezar Steli”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi 
Dergisi 37 (2017): 429–436.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Baldıran, Asuman - Gider Büyüközer, Zeliha. “Mimari Bloklar Işığında Isauria Bölgesinin Mimari Uygulamaları”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 0/20 (2008), 109–134.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Baldıran, Asuman - Mimiroğlu, İlker Mete. “An Architectural Plastic Piece with Daniel Image,” in SOMA 2010: Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Kiev, Ukraine, 23–25 April 2010, ed. Yana Morozova and Hakan Oniz (2013), 7–9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Banai, Galit Noga. All-in-One: Expectations From Daniel in the Lions’ Den in two Palestinian Cases. La Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana, 2.Vatikan. Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana (2021), 361-378.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Berk, Fatih Mehmet. “Özgürlüğün Sembolü Frig Şapkası,” Folklor/Edebiyat, cilt 29, sayı 113 (2023): 49-68.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bezzel, Hannes. “Habakkuk in the Lions’ Den: Dan 14:33–39 (Bel 33–39).” In Prophecy and Prophets in Stories: Papers Read at the Fifth Meeting of the Edinburgh Prophecy Network, Utrecht, October 2013, edited by Bob Becking and Hans M. Barstad (2015), 169–182. Oudtestamentische Studiën / Old Testament Studies 65. Leiden &amp; Boston: Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004291133_013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Boardman, J. Greek sculpture: The classical period. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 1985.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Brenton Lancelot C.L. The Septuagint With Apocrypha: Greek and English. Printed in the United States of America, 1885.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Carr, Annemarie Weyl. “Orans”. In The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press, (1991).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dimitrova, Elizabeta. “The Painterly Horizons of the Frescoes of the Episcopal Basilica: Iconographic Design, Symbolic Configuration, Stylistic Modularity.” In Early Christian Wall Paintings from the Episcopal Basilica in Stobi, 21–36. Stobi: National Institution Stobi, (2012).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">García García, Francisco de Asís. &quot;Daniel en el foso de los leones&quot;. Revista Digital de Iconografía Medieval 1/1 (2009), 11-24.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jensen Robin Margaret. Understanding Early Christian Art. Routledge. London and New York, 2000, 175.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Keil, Carl Friedrich - Delitzsch, Franz. &quot;Commentary on Daniel 2&quot;.  Keil &amp; Delitzsch Old Testament Commentary. Daniel. 2-4 (2014), 58.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Molina Juan Antonio Olaneta. La representacion de Daniel en el foso de los leones en la escultura de Occidente (XI-XIII). Barcelona (2017), 23-29.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nardini, Bruno. The Unknown Catacomb. A Unıque Dıscovery Of Early Chrıstıan Art. Florence, 1990, 26.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nergis Ataç – Guntram Koch, “Figürliche Reliefs frühchristlicher Zeit in Kleinasien (4.–6./7. 
Jahrhundert n.Chr.)”, Adalya 26 (2023), s. 197-232.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Patacı Oral, Özlem. “Geçmişten Günümüze Sanatta Frig Başlığı,” Geçmişten Günümüze Sanatta Frig Başlığı Sempozyumu Bildirileri (Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2022), 1–14.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rautman, Marcus. “Daniel at Sardis”. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 358 (May 2010), 47-60.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Restle, Marcell. Byzantine Wall Painting in Asia Minor. Shannon: 
Irish University Press, 1969.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rich, Jack C. The Materials and Methods of Sculpture. New York: Oxford University Press, 8. Basım, 1970.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Roller, L. E. In search of God the Mother: The cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley–Los Angeles–London: University of California Press, 1999.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Schlosser, Hans. “Daniel”. In Lexikon der Christlichen Ikonographie, Band 1: Allgemeine Ikonographie. Ed. Josef Engemann &amp; Engelbert Kirschbaum. Rom – Freiburg – Basel – Wien: Herder Verlag (1968).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Schmidt, Nathaniel. “Daniel and Androcles”,  Journal of the American Oriental Society 46 (1926), 1-7.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sill, Gertrude Grace. A Handbook of Symbols in Christian Art. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company, 1975.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tekocak Mehmet - Mimiroğlu İlker Mete. “Akşehir Müzesi’nde Bulunan Bizans Kurşun Mühürleri”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 23 (2010), 113-131.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Toorn Karel Van Der. In the Lions&#039; Den: The Babylonian Background of a Biblical Motif. The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 60/4 (1998), 626-640.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ünal, Ceren. Palaiologoslar Donemine Ait Kadıkalesi/Anaia Buluntusu “Meryem Hagiosoritissa ve Daniel Aslanlar İninde”Betimli Bir Grup Trakhy. Seleucia, XII (2022), 53-68.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Milburn, R.  Early Christian art and architecture. Aldershot, UK: Scolar Press, (1988).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mukesh Williams - Kaoru Kinoshito. &quot;The lion as iconography, myth, hierarchy and literary text&quot;. 英語英文学研究. (Soka Üniversitesi İngiliz Edebiyatı Topluluğu), (2015), 34/2, 11–38.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vermaseren, M. J. Mithras, the secret god. London: Chatto &amp; Windus, (1959).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zanker, P. The power of images in the age of Augustus (A. Shapiro, Trans.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, (1989).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
