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Blokzincir Teknolojilerinin Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Sistemleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Merkezi Olmayan Adalet Sistemi

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 477 - 500, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56701/shd.1195658

Abstract

Son yıllarda dijital ekonomi işlemlerinin hacmi artmaktadır. Bu büyük miktardaki dijital ticaret, neredeyse tamamen blokzincirine dayalı akıllı sözleşmeler tarafından gerçekleşmektedir. Akıllı sözleşmeler, sunmuş olduğu faydaların yanında ortaya çıkabilecek olası uyuşmazlıkların çözümü açısından zorluklar içermektedir. Dava ve tahkim gibi geleneksel uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemleri bu uyuşmazlıkların ele alınmasında etkisiz kalmaktadır. Merkezi olmayan adalet, etkili çözüm sistemleri üretmek için blokzinciri, kitle kaynak kullanımı ve oyun teorisini birleştiren çevrim içi anlaşmazlık çözümüne yeni bir yaklaşımdır. Bu makale, merkezi olmayan adaletin temel teorik ilkelerini gözden geçirdikten sonra, yasal zorlukları ve merkezi olmayan adalete yönelik olası çözümleri eleştirel bir şekilde incelemektedir.

References

  • Allen, Darcy W. E. vd. “The Governance of Blockchain Dispute Resolution”. Harvard Negotiation Law Review 25/75, (2019), 75-101.
  • Alvarez, Omar Puertas vd. “Unlocking Blockchain Evidence in International Arbitration”. Cuatrecasas. Erişim 8 Ağustos 2022. https://www.cuatrecasas.com/resources/kh-unlocking-blockchain-evidence-in-international-arbitration 60255dd4f2d20388271178.pdf?v1.34.0.202209271053
  • Aouidef, Yann vd. “Decentralized Justice: A Comparative Analysis of Blockchain Online Dispute Resolution Projects”. Frontiers in Blockchain 4, (Mart 2021), 1-8.
  • Ast, Federico – Deffains, Bruno. “When Online Dispute Resolution Meets Blockchain: The Birth of Decentralized Justice”. Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law & Policy. Erişim 25 Eylül 2022. https://stanford-jblp.pubpub.org/pub/birth-of-decentralized-justice/release/1
  • Aydemir, Dilek - Kaya, Serkan. “Çevrim içi (Online) Tahkime İlişkin Güncel Meseleler ve Küresel Salgın Döneminde Tahkim”. Uluslararası Ticaret ve Tahkim Hukuku Dergisi 11/1, (2022), 93 -152.
  • Barnett, Jeremy - Treleaven, Philip. “Algorithmic Dispute Resolution—The Automation of Professional Dispute Resolution Using AI and Blockchain Technologies”. The Computer Journal 61/3, (2018), 399-408.
  • Bergolla, Luis vd. “Kleros: A Socio-Legal Case Study of Decentralized Justice & Blockchain Arbitration”. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution 17, (2021), 2-51.
  • Buchwald, Michael. “Smart Contract Dıspute Resolutıon: The Inescapable Flaws of Blockchaın-Based Arbıtratıon”. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 168, (2020), 1369-1423.
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi, “Blokzincir Sözlüğü”, <https://cbddo.gov.tr/sss/blokzincir-sozlugu/> (Erişim 2 Eylül 2022).
  • Çağlayan Aksoy, Pınar. Akıllı Sözleşmelerin Kuruluşu ve Geçerlilik Şartları.İstanbul: On İki Levha, 2.Bası, 2022.
  • DiMatteo, Larry A. vd. The Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts, Blockchain Technology and Digital Platforms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1. Bası, 2019.
  • Dispute Revolution: The Kleros Handbook Of Decentralized Justice” (Kleros 2020) https://kleros.io/book.pdf
  • Doğancı, Doğa Ekrem. Blokzincirine Dayalı Akıllı Sözleşmelerin Hukuki Nitelikleri, Kuruluşu, Yorumu, İfası ve Bazı Örnek Hukuki Uygulamalar. İstanbul: On İki Levha, 1. Bası, 2021.
  • Dylag, Matthew - Smith, Harrison. “From cryptocurrencies to cryptocourts: blockchain and the financialization of dispute resolution platforms”. Information, Communication & Society, Erişim 18 Ağustos 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1942958
  • European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, Tenge, E., Schäffner, M., Ypma, P., et al., “Study on Blockchains : Legal, Governance and Interoperability Aspects”, Publications Office, 2020, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2759/4240
  • Evans, Tonya M. “The Role of International Rules in Blockchain-Based Cross-Border Commercial Disputes”. Wayne Law Review 65/1, (2019), 1-16.
  • Goyal, Swati. ”The Difference Between Fiat Money and Cryptocurrencies”. YAHOO FINANCE. Erişim 20 Ağustos 2022. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/difference-between-fiat-moneycryptocurrencies- 132027811.html
  • Guillaume, Florence – Riva, Sven. “Blockchaın Dıspute Resolutıon For Decentralızed Autonomous Organızatıons: The Rıse Of Decentralızed Autonomous Justıce”. Bonomi, Andrea - Lehmann, Matthias (eds), “Blockchain and Private International Law” içinde, Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2022. Researchgate. Erişim 18 Ağustos 2022. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358889700_BLOCKCHAIN_DISPUTE_RESOLUTION_FOR_DECENTRALIZED_AUTONOMOUS_ORGANIZATIONS_THE_RISE_OF_DECENTRALIZED_AUTONOMOUS_JUSTICE
  • Howell, Bronwyn E - Potgieter, Petrus H. “Uncertainty and Dispute Resolution for Blockchain and Smart Contract Institutions”. Journal of Institutional Economics 17, (2021), 545-559.
  • https://www.coinspot.com.au/trade/eth Erişim 19 Ağustos 2022.
  • Janssen, Andre - Vennmanns, Tom. “Smart Dispute Resolution in the Digital Age: The Potential of Smart Contracts And Online Dispute Resolution for Dispute Prevention and Resolution in Consumer Law Cases”. International Journal On Consumer Law And Practice 9/1, (2021), 52-73.
  • Kaya, Serkan. “Blokzincir Tabanlı Akıllı Sözleşmelerden Doğan Uyuşmazlıkların Çözümü”. Medeni Usul ve İcra İflas Hukuku Dergisi 18/52, (2022), 518-541.
  • Kaya, Serkan. Consumer Dispute Resolution in the Digital Age: Online Dispute Resolution. İstanbul: On İki Levha, 2020.
  • Metzger, James. “Decentralized Justice in the Era of Blockchain”. International Journal on Online Dispute Resolution 5, (2018), 69-81.
  • Metzger, James. “The Current Landscape of Blockchain-Based, Crowdsourced Arbitration”. Macquarie Law Journal 19, (2019), 81-101.
  • Michaelson, Peter L. – Jeskie, Sandra A. “Arbitrating Disputes Involving Blockchains, Smart Contracts and Smart Legal Contracts”. Dispute Resolution Journal 74/4, (Ekim 2020), 2-35.
  • Ortolani, Pietro. “The impact of blockchain technologies and smart contracts on dispute resolution: arbitration and court litigation at the crossroads”. Uniform Law Review 24, (2019), 430-448.
  • Pachahara, Shantanu - Maheshwari, Chandan. “Dispute Resolution on Blockchain: An Opportunity to Increase Efficiency of Business Dispute Resolution?”. Conflict Studies Quarterly 39, (Nisan 2022), 63-81.
  • Pilavcı, Ezgi Elife. The Regulation of Smart Contracts: Law, Governance and Practice. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku Yüksek Lisans Programı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2019.
  • Rabinovich-Einy, Orna - Katsh, Ethan. “Blockchain and the Inevitability of Disputes: The Role for Online Dispute Resolution”. Journal Dispute Resolution 2, (2019), 47-75.
  • Schmitz, Amy J - Rule, Colin. “Online Dispute Resolution for Smart Contracts”. Journal of Dispute Resolution 2, (2019), 103-125.
  • Shehata, Ibrahim. “Three Potential Benefits of Blockchain for Arbitration”. Young Arbitration Review 31, (Ekim 2018), 32-37.
  • Statista. “Number of Ethereum transactions per day on the blockchain from August 2015 to September 21, 2022” Erişim 17 Ekim 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/730818/average-number-of-ethereum-transactions/
  • Tevetoğlu, Mete. “Ethereum ve Akıllı Sözleşmeler”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12/1, (2021), 193-208.
  • United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 10 June 1958). Erişim 20 Temmuz 2022. http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/NY-conv/XXII_1_e.pdf
  • Usta, Ahmet. “Blokzinciri’nin ABC’si”. BLOKCHAIN TÜRKİYE 2022. Erişim 25 Eylül 2022. https://bctr.org/ahmet-usta-yazdi-blokzincirinin-abcsi-21345/
  • Üstün, Ece Su. Akıllı Sözleşmeler: Blokzincir Teknolojisi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Vos, Sir Geoffrey. “LawTech, Smart Contracts and Artificial Intelligence”. Erişim 25 Eylül 2022. https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CHC-speech-LawTech-Smart-Contracts-and-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf

The Impact on Blockchain Technologies on Dispute Resolution Systems: Decentralised Justice System

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 477 - 500, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56701/shd.1195658

Abstract

In recent years, the volume of digital economy transactions has increased. This vast amount of digital commerce is almost entirely driven by smart contracts based on the blockchain. In addition to the benefits smart contracts offer, they contain difficulties in terms of resolving potential disputes that may arise. Traditional dispute resolution methods, such as litigation and arbitration, are ineffective in handling these disputes across international borders. Decentralized justice is a new approach to online dispute resolution that combines blockchain, crowdsourcing and game theory to produce effective resolution systems. After reviewing the main theoretical principles of decentralised justice, this article critically examines legal challenges and possible solutions to decentralised justice.

References

  • Allen, Darcy W. E. vd. “The Governance of Blockchain Dispute Resolution”. Harvard Negotiation Law Review 25/75, (2019), 75-101.
  • Alvarez, Omar Puertas vd. “Unlocking Blockchain Evidence in International Arbitration”. Cuatrecasas. Erişim 8 Ağustos 2022. https://www.cuatrecasas.com/resources/kh-unlocking-blockchain-evidence-in-international-arbitration 60255dd4f2d20388271178.pdf?v1.34.0.202209271053
  • Aouidef, Yann vd. “Decentralized Justice: A Comparative Analysis of Blockchain Online Dispute Resolution Projects”. Frontiers in Blockchain 4, (Mart 2021), 1-8.
  • Ast, Federico – Deffains, Bruno. “When Online Dispute Resolution Meets Blockchain: The Birth of Decentralized Justice”. Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law & Policy. Erişim 25 Eylül 2022. https://stanford-jblp.pubpub.org/pub/birth-of-decentralized-justice/release/1
  • Aydemir, Dilek - Kaya, Serkan. “Çevrim içi (Online) Tahkime İlişkin Güncel Meseleler ve Küresel Salgın Döneminde Tahkim”. Uluslararası Ticaret ve Tahkim Hukuku Dergisi 11/1, (2022), 93 -152.
  • Barnett, Jeremy - Treleaven, Philip. “Algorithmic Dispute Resolution—The Automation of Professional Dispute Resolution Using AI and Blockchain Technologies”. The Computer Journal 61/3, (2018), 399-408.
  • Bergolla, Luis vd. “Kleros: A Socio-Legal Case Study of Decentralized Justice & Blockchain Arbitration”. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution 17, (2021), 2-51.
  • Buchwald, Michael. “Smart Contract Dıspute Resolutıon: The Inescapable Flaws of Blockchaın-Based Arbıtratıon”. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 168, (2020), 1369-1423.
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi, “Blokzincir Sözlüğü”, <https://cbddo.gov.tr/sss/blokzincir-sozlugu/> (Erişim 2 Eylül 2022).
  • Çağlayan Aksoy, Pınar. Akıllı Sözleşmelerin Kuruluşu ve Geçerlilik Şartları.İstanbul: On İki Levha, 2.Bası, 2022.
  • DiMatteo, Larry A. vd. The Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts, Blockchain Technology and Digital Platforms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1. Bası, 2019.
  • Dispute Revolution: The Kleros Handbook Of Decentralized Justice” (Kleros 2020) https://kleros.io/book.pdf
  • Doğancı, Doğa Ekrem. Blokzincirine Dayalı Akıllı Sözleşmelerin Hukuki Nitelikleri, Kuruluşu, Yorumu, İfası ve Bazı Örnek Hukuki Uygulamalar. İstanbul: On İki Levha, 1. Bası, 2021.
  • Dylag, Matthew - Smith, Harrison. “From cryptocurrencies to cryptocourts: blockchain and the financialization of dispute resolution platforms”. Information, Communication & Society, Erişim 18 Ağustos 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1942958
  • European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, Tenge, E., Schäffner, M., Ypma, P., et al., “Study on Blockchains : Legal, Governance and Interoperability Aspects”, Publications Office, 2020, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2759/4240
  • Evans, Tonya M. “The Role of International Rules in Blockchain-Based Cross-Border Commercial Disputes”. Wayne Law Review 65/1, (2019), 1-16.
  • Goyal, Swati. ”The Difference Between Fiat Money and Cryptocurrencies”. YAHOO FINANCE. Erişim 20 Ağustos 2022. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/difference-between-fiat-moneycryptocurrencies- 132027811.html
  • Guillaume, Florence – Riva, Sven. “Blockchaın Dıspute Resolutıon For Decentralızed Autonomous Organızatıons: The Rıse Of Decentralızed Autonomous Justıce”. Bonomi, Andrea - Lehmann, Matthias (eds), “Blockchain and Private International Law” içinde, Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2022. Researchgate. Erişim 18 Ağustos 2022. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358889700_BLOCKCHAIN_DISPUTE_RESOLUTION_FOR_DECENTRALIZED_AUTONOMOUS_ORGANIZATIONS_THE_RISE_OF_DECENTRALIZED_AUTONOMOUS_JUSTICE
  • Howell, Bronwyn E - Potgieter, Petrus H. “Uncertainty and Dispute Resolution for Blockchain and Smart Contract Institutions”. Journal of Institutional Economics 17, (2021), 545-559.
  • https://www.coinspot.com.au/trade/eth Erişim 19 Ağustos 2022.
  • Janssen, Andre - Vennmanns, Tom. “Smart Dispute Resolution in the Digital Age: The Potential of Smart Contracts And Online Dispute Resolution for Dispute Prevention and Resolution in Consumer Law Cases”. International Journal On Consumer Law And Practice 9/1, (2021), 52-73.
  • Kaya, Serkan. “Blokzincir Tabanlı Akıllı Sözleşmelerden Doğan Uyuşmazlıkların Çözümü”. Medeni Usul ve İcra İflas Hukuku Dergisi 18/52, (2022), 518-541.
  • Kaya, Serkan. Consumer Dispute Resolution in the Digital Age: Online Dispute Resolution. İstanbul: On İki Levha, 2020.
  • Metzger, James. “Decentralized Justice in the Era of Blockchain”. International Journal on Online Dispute Resolution 5, (2018), 69-81.
  • Metzger, James. “The Current Landscape of Blockchain-Based, Crowdsourced Arbitration”. Macquarie Law Journal 19, (2019), 81-101.
  • Michaelson, Peter L. – Jeskie, Sandra A. “Arbitrating Disputes Involving Blockchains, Smart Contracts and Smart Legal Contracts”. Dispute Resolution Journal 74/4, (Ekim 2020), 2-35.
  • Ortolani, Pietro. “The impact of blockchain technologies and smart contracts on dispute resolution: arbitration and court litigation at the crossroads”. Uniform Law Review 24, (2019), 430-448.
  • Pachahara, Shantanu - Maheshwari, Chandan. “Dispute Resolution on Blockchain: An Opportunity to Increase Efficiency of Business Dispute Resolution?”. Conflict Studies Quarterly 39, (Nisan 2022), 63-81.
  • Pilavcı, Ezgi Elife. The Regulation of Smart Contracts: Law, Governance and Practice. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku Yüksek Lisans Programı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2019.
  • Rabinovich-Einy, Orna - Katsh, Ethan. “Blockchain and the Inevitability of Disputes: The Role for Online Dispute Resolution”. Journal Dispute Resolution 2, (2019), 47-75.
  • Schmitz, Amy J - Rule, Colin. “Online Dispute Resolution for Smart Contracts”. Journal of Dispute Resolution 2, (2019), 103-125.
  • Shehata, Ibrahim. “Three Potential Benefits of Blockchain for Arbitration”. Young Arbitration Review 31, (Ekim 2018), 32-37.
  • Statista. “Number of Ethereum transactions per day on the blockchain from August 2015 to September 21, 2022” Erişim 17 Ekim 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/730818/average-number-of-ethereum-transactions/
  • Tevetoğlu, Mete. “Ethereum ve Akıllı Sözleşmeler”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12/1, (2021), 193-208.
  • United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 10 June 1958). Erişim 20 Temmuz 2022. http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/NY-conv/XXII_1_e.pdf
  • Usta, Ahmet. “Blokzinciri’nin ABC’si”. BLOKCHAIN TÜRKİYE 2022. Erişim 25 Eylül 2022. https://bctr.org/ahmet-usta-yazdi-blokzincirinin-abcsi-21345/
  • Üstün, Ece Su. Akıllı Sözleşmeler: Blokzincir Teknolojisi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Vos, Sir Geoffrey. “LawTech, Smart Contracts and Artificial Intelligence”. Erişim 25 Eylül 2022. https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CHC-speech-LawTech-Smart-Contracts-and-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Serkan Kaya 0000-0003-2507-3372

Kadirhan Maviş This is me 0000-0002-0371-8881

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date October 27, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

ISNAD Kaya, Serkan - Maviş, Kadirhan. “Blokzincir Teknolojilerinin Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Sistemleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Merkezi Olmayan Adalet Sistemi”. Sakarya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 10/2 (December 2022), 477-500. https://doi.org/10.56701/shd.1195658.

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