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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRACTICES OF FAMILY BENEFITS IN EU MEMBER STATES

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 479 - 507, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.30561/sinopusd.1226990

Abstract

According to the ILO Convention No. 102, family benefits are a social security branch established to compensate for the increase in the expenditure of those protected due to the expenses necessary for the care of the children, they are responsible for, and to protect the level of life they have reached before the child's existence. Nevertheless, family benefits can make contributions in many such areas as increasing the fertility and population of the country, reducing poverty, preventing child poverty, extending the country's welfare level to the whole society, and raising physically and mentally healthier individuals. In this respect, countries develop various practices of family benefits depending on their social policies and welfare levels. Demographic structures and economic development levels of countries are generally taken into account in determining family benefits. Minimum standards of family benefits may be higher in economically developed countries. In this study, current practices in EU member countries are examined on the basis of minimum standards of family benefits under the Convention No. 102 and a comparative analysis of these practices is presented. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there is a child benefit application, which is a periodic payment aid, in all EU member states although there is no obligation to make periodic payments within the scope of family benefits in the Convention No. 102. In addition, it has been observed that many types of family benefits that can contribute to goals such as increasing birth rates and encouraging parents, especially women, to stay in employment are widely applied in EU member states.

References

  • Atatanır, H. (2011). Social Security and Family Aid Practices. Journal of Labour Relations, 2 (1) , 143-169.
  • Björklund, A. (2006). Does family policy affect fertility?, Journal of Population Economics, 19(1), 3-24.
  • Convention on the Rights of the Child, United Nations (1989, 44/25), https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rightschild
  • Dağlıoğlu, S. and Bektaş, U. E. (2022). 102 sayılı ILO Sözleşmesi’ne Göre Aile Yardımı Olarak Sınıflandırılabilecek Türkiye’deki Mevcut Yardımlar. SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 12 (2) , 327-346. DOI: 10.32331/sgd.1223517.
  • Dilik, S. (1980). Sosyal Güvenlik ve Sosyal Hizmetler Arasındaki İlişkiler, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, C. 35, S. 1–4, 73-84.
  • Dumon, W., ve Esengün, R., Ç. M. (1991). National Family Policies In Ec-Countries. Journal of Social Policy Studies,2(2).
  • European Code of Social Security, CoE (1964, No.48), https://rm.coe.int/168006b65e European Convention on Social Security, Council of Europe (1972, No. 78), https://rm.coe.int/1680074611 European Social Charter (Revised), Council of Europe (1996, no.163), https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=163
  • Gauther, A. H. ve Hatzius, J. (1997). “Family Benefits and Fertility: An Econometric Analysis”, Population Studies, 51(3), s.295-306.
  • https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C102
  • Income Security Recommendation. ILO (1944, No.67), Accessed on September 23, 2022, https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312405
  • Karabayır, İ. (2019). Family Benefits as an International Labour Standard in Social Security in Germany. Fırat University International Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 3 (1) , 91-113.
  • Karabayır, İ. (2019). Integration of Family Benefits within the Scope of the ILO Fundamental Social Security Standards to the Turkish Social Security System: EU Comparative Recommendations (Master's thesis, Sakarya University). Kurtulmuş, S. (1988). A Comparative Analysis Of Family Benefıts. Istanbul University Journal of Faculty of Economics, 46, 243-257.
  • Kurtulmuş, S. (1995). Family Benefits As A Modern Social Security Tool. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 0 (40) , 145-159.
  • National reports submitted in conformity with Article 74 of the European Code of Social Security, https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-social-charter/reporting-procedure#{%2214501987%22:[]}
  • Oberlin, E. M., Caristo, A. M., Lagomarsino, G. ve Santos, S. (2007). Family allowances: Policy, practice and the fight against poverty in Europe and Latin America?, Technical Report 02, International Social Security Association, 1-25.
  • Özdemir, M. Ç., Karabayır, İ. (2019). Sosyal Güvenlikte Uluslararası Çalışma Standardı Olarak Almanya’da Aile Yardımları. Fırat Üniversitesi Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi,3(1), 91-113.
  • Regulation (EC) No 987/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 laying down the procedure for implementing Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 on the coordination of social security systems (Text with relevance for the EEA and for Switzerland), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32009R0987 Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the coordination of social security systems (Text with relevance for the EEA and for Switzerland), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02004R0883-20140101
  • Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, ILO (1952, No. 102), Accessed on September 29, 2022,
  • Şentürk, F. (2016). Türkiye İçin Bir Aile Sigortası Model Önerisi. Sosyal Güvence, (9), 102-139.
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations (1948), https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.

AB ÜYESİ ÜLKELERDEKİ AİLE YARDIMI UYGULAMALARININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 479 - 507, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.30561/sinopusd.1226990

Abstract

102 sayılı ILO Sözleşmesi’ne göre aile yardımları, geçimini sağlamakla mükellef oldukları çocukların bakımı için gerekli harcamalar nedeniyle korunan kimselerin giderlerinde meydana gelen artışların telafi edilmesi ve çocuğun varlığından önce ulaşmış oldukları yaşam seviyesinin korunması amacıyla kurulan bir sosyal güvenlik koludur. Bununla birlikte aile yardımları; ülkedeki doğurganlığın ve ülke nüfusunun artırılması, yoksulluğun azaltılması, çocuk yoksulluğunun engellenmesi, ülke refah seviyesinin tüm topluma yaygınlaştırılması, fiziki ve ruhsal açıdan daha sağlıklı bireylerin yetiştirilmesi gibi pek çok alanda katkı sağlayabilmektedir. Bu bakımdan ülkeler, sosyal politikaları ve refah seviyelerine bağlı olarak farklı aile yardımı uygulamaları geliştirmektedir. Aile yardımlarının belirlenmesinde genel olarak ülkelerin nüfus yapıları ve ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyleri dikkate alınmaktadır. Aile yardımlarının asgarî standartları, ekonomisi gelişmiş ülkelerde daha yüksek olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada 102 sayılı Sözleşme kapsamındaki aile yardımı asgari standartları esas alınarak AB üyesi ülkelerdeki mevcut uygulamalar incelenmiş ve bu uygulamaların karşılaştırmalı bir analizi sunulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda 102 sayılı Sözleşme’de aile yardımları kapsamında periyodik ödeme yapılması zorunluğu bulunmamasına rağmen tüm AB üyesi ülkelerde periyodik ödeme şeklindeki bir yardım olan çocuk yardımı uygulamasının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca doğum oranlarının artırılması ve özellikle kadınlar olmak üzere ebeveynin istihdamda kalmasının teşvik edilmesi gibi amaçlara katkı sağlayabilecek pek çok aile yardımı türünün AB üyesi ülkelerde yaygın olarak uygulandığı görülmüştür.

References

  • Atatanır, H. (2011). Social Security and Family Aid Practices. Journal of Labour Relations, 2 (1) , 143-169.
  • Björklund, A. (2006). Does family policy affect fertility?, Journal of Population Economics, 19(1), 3-24.
  • Convention on the Rights of the Child, United Nations (1989, 44/25), https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rightschild
  • Dağlıoğlu, S. and Bektaş, U. E. (2022). 102 sayılı ILO Sözleşmesi’ne Göre Aile Yardımı Olarak Sınıflandırılabilecek Türkiye’deki Mevcut Yardımlar. SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 12 (2) , 327-346. DOI: 10.32331/sgd.1223517.
  • Dilik, S. (1980). Sosyal Güvenlik ve Sosyal Hizmetler Arasındaki İlişkiler, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, C. 35, S. 1–4, 73-84.
  • Dumon, W., ve Esengün, R., Ç. M. (1991). National Family Policies In Ec-Countries. Journal of Social Policy Studies,2(2).
  • European Code of Social Security, CoE (1964, No.48), https://rm.coe.int/168006b65e European Convention on Social Security, Council of Europe (1972, No. 78), https://rm.coe.int/1680074611 European Social Charter (Revised), Council of Europe (1996, no.163), https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=163
  • Gauther, A. H. ve Hatzius, J. (1997). “Family Benefits and Fertility: An Econometric Analysis”, Population Studies, 51(3), s.295-306.
  • https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C102
  • Income Security Recommendation. ILO (1944, No.67), Accessed on September 23, 2022, https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312405
  • Karabayır, İ. (2019). Family Benefits as an International Labour Standard in Social Security in Germany. Fırat University International Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 3 (1) , 91-113.
  • Karabayır, İ. (2019). Integration of Family Benefits within the Scope of the ILO Fundamental Social Security Standards to the Turkish Social Security System: EU Comparative Recommendations (Master's thesis, Sakarya University). Kurtulmuş, S. (1988). A Comparative Analysis Of Family Benefıts. Istanbul University Journal of Faculty of Economics, 46, 243-257.
  • Kurtulmuş, S. (1995). Family Benefits As A Modern Social Security Tool. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 0 (40) , 145-159.
  • National reports submitted in conformity with Article 74 of the European Code of Social Security, https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-social-charter/reporting-procedure#{%2214501987%22:[]}
  • Oberlin, E. M., Caristo, A. M., Lagomarsino, G. ve Santos, S. (2007). Family allowances: Policy, practice and the fight against poverty in Europe and Latin America?, Technical Report 02, International Social Security Association, 1-25.
  • Özdemir, M. Ç., Karabayır, İ. (2019). Sosyal Güvenlikte Uluslararası Çalışma Standardı Olarak Almanya’da Aile Yardımları. Fırat Üniversitesi Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi,3(1), 91-113.
  • Regulation (EC) No 987/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 laying down the procedure for implementing Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 on the coordination of social security systems (Text with relevance for the EEA and for Switzerland), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32009R0987 Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the coordination of social security systems (Text with relevance for the EEA and for Switzerland), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02004R0883-20140101
  • Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, ILO (1952, No. 102), Accessed on September 29, 2022,
  • Şentürk, F. (2016). Türkiye İçin Bir Aile Sigortası Model Önerisi. Sosyal Güvence, (9), 102-139.
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations (1948), https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Selim Dağlıoğlu 0000-0002-2006-8788

Uğur Emre Bektaş 0000-0003-4524-4925

Publication Date May 31, 2023
Submission Date January 2, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Dağlıoğlu, S., & Bektaş, U. E. (2023). COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRACTICES OF FAMILY BENEFITS IN EU MEMBER STATES. Sinop Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 479-507. https://doi.org/10.30561/sinopusd.1226990
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 2.0 (Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike).