Abstract
It is accepted by Muslims that Egyptian reciters have a very important place in recitation of the Qur'an. In fact, it is seen that non-muslim scientists who do research on the recitation of the Qur'an also choose Egypt as a sample in their studies. The recitations of the Qur'an in Turkey, which are performed in three different styles as tahkik, tedvir and hadr in terms of speed, are traditionally performed in two recitation styles in Egypt. These are murattal and mujawwad recitation styles. Murattal stands out with its melodic simplicity, narrow expression space and relatively fast character. On the other hand, mujawwad creates a space for a rich and viscous musical performance, as it has a slower character in terms of speed. Melismatic melodies are included. It is seen that these recitation styles have not been the subject of any comparative research before. In this research, the recitings of Abdussamed, Husari, Minshawi and Mustafa Ismail will be examined from a temporal perspective. At the end of a series of research processes, including this research, it is aimed to draw a clearer picture of the concept of tavır, which is frequently encountered in usages such as Turkish (Istanbul) or Arab (Cairo) “manner”. The reason why our research is planned as a series is that the studies are quite voluminous. It is aimed to complete this series with the research that constitutes the next stage of the process in which the metro-rhythmic features of the reciting of the reciters who are thought to represent the Cairo and Istanbul manner will be discussed comparatively. Although the concept of tavır is frequently used in today's Turkish music and Qiraah disciplines, it has not been the subject of a comprehensive research and has not reached a satisfactory definition. In order to obtain a competent definition of this concept, which we believe has been defined only on the basis of elements such as melodic character and phonetics, it will be necessary to examine in detail two important centres in the field of recitation, such as Istanbul and Cairo because the temporal characteristics of the recitations stand before us as an element that has the power to affect the tavır phenomenon and to be among its definition elements. Our research reveals the temporal and metrical features seen in the performances of the reciters. In this respect, it can be said that it has a comparative and descriptive character. The CV unit time average and metric properties in the recitations of the first five verses of Surah al-Baqara were determined by examining them with Praat phonetic analysis software. The numerical values obtained are presented through tables and graphics. When the data obtained were analyzed, it was determined that the CV-PM values of murattal recitations were in the range of 282-356, while those of mujawwad recitations were in the range of 139-159. According to this result, the speed levels of murattal and mujawwad recitations are clustered in different regions. It is determined that the ratio of the average duration of long syllables to the average duration of short syllables is in the range of 1.7-1.8 in all of the reciters' murattal recitations, and these values are below integer 2. When we look at the mujawwad recitations, it can be stated that the metric ratio of one recitation is 1.94, while the others are 2 or more. As a result of our research, it has been observed that in each of the murattal and mujawwad reciting styles, the reciters recite with similar temporal characteristics. It is understood that both reciting styles find application in a unique and non-intersecting speed range. In terms of metrics, it is seen that murattal and mujawwad recitations are in consistent values within themselves. It is understood that these values form clusters that do not intersect with each other, as in the CV-PM values.