Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2023, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 311 - 355, 27.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2023.32.1284826

Abstract

References

  • Acemoglu, D. (2008). Oligarchic versus democratic societies. Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(1), 1-44. google scholar
  • Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2012). Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity and poverty. New York: Crown Publishers. google scholar
  • Acemoglu, D., & James A. Robinson. (2019). The narrow corridor: States, societies, and the fate of liberty. New York: Penguin Books. google scholar
  • Almond, G. (1991). Capitalism and democracy. Political Science, 24, 467-74. google scholar
  • Althusser, L. (2014). On the reproduction of capitalism: Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (Translated by G. M. Goshgarian). London: Verso. google scholar
  • Amadae, S. M. (2003). Rationalizing capitalist democracy. Chicago: Chicago University Press. google scholar
  • Andrain, C. F. (1984). Capitalism and democracy reappraised: A review essay. The Western Political Quarterly, 37(4), 652-664. google scholar
  • Asad, T. (1992). Conscripts of western civilization. In C. W. Gailey (Ed.), Dialectical anthropology: Essays on honor of Stanley Diamond, Vol. 1: Civilization in crisis: Anthropological perspectives (pp. 333-51). Florida: University Press of Florida. google scholar
  • Avrich, P. (1984). The Haymarket tragedy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Ball, T., Dagger, R., & O’Neil, D. (2014). Political ideologies and the democratic ideal. Boston: Pearson. google scholar
  • Baradat, L. P., & Phillips, J. A. (2017). Political ideologies: Their origins and impact (12th edition). New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Beetham, D. (1993). Four theorems about the market and democracy. European Journal of Political Research, 23(2), 187-201. google scholar
  • Berman, S. (2007). How democracies emerge: Lessons from Europe. Journal of Democracy, 18 (1), 28-41. google scholar
  • Bernholz, P. (2001). Democracy and capitalism: Are they compatible in the long-run? In D. Mueller & U. google scholar
  • Cantner (Eds.), Capitalism and democracy in the 21st century (pp. 9-22). Heidelberg: Springer Verlag Berlin. google scholar
  • Bhattacharya, H. (2008). Interpretive research. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (pp. 463-467). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. google scholar
  • Boggs C. (2011). Phantom democracy: Corporate interests and political power in America. Palgrave Macmillan, google scholar
  • Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (1986). Democracy and capitalism: Property, community, and the contradictions of modern social thought. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Clague, C., Keefer, P., Knack, S., & Olson, M. (1996). Property and contract rights in autocracies and democracies. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2), 243-276. google scholar
  • Coyne, C. (2007, August 27). Capitalism and democracy: Friends or foes? The Economist. https://www. economist.com/free-exchange/2007/08/27/capitalism-and-democracy-friends-or-foes google scholar
  • Creswell, J. (2007). Philosophical, paradigm, and interpretive frameworks. In J. W. Creswell (Ed.), Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among fve approaches (pp. 15-33). New York: Sage. google scholar
  • Dahl, R. (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Dahl, R. (1982). Dilemmas ofpluralist democracy: Autonomy vs. control. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Dahl, R. (1989). Democracy and its critics. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Dahl, R. (1993). Why all democratic countries have mixed economies. In J. W Chapman & I. Shapiro (Eds.), Democratic Community (pp. 259-282). New York: New York University Press. google scholar
  • Dahl, R. (1998). On democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Diamond, L. (1999). Developing democracy: Toward consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. google scholar
  • Diamond, L. (2003). Defining and developing democracy. In R. Dahl, I. Shapiro & J. Cheibub, (Eds.), Democracy source book (pp.29-39). London: The MIT Press. google scholar
  • Diamond, L. (2008). The spirit of democracy. New York: Times Books. google scholar
  • Diamond, L. (2010). Why are there no Arab democracies? Journal ofDemocracy, 21(1), 93-104. google scholar
  • Diamond, L. (2017). Prospects for democracy and democratization in Chinese societies. Keynote address to 59th annual conference of the American Association for Chinese Studies Walker Institute. https://diamond-democracy.stanford.edu/speaking/speeches/prospects-democracy-and-democratization-chinese-societies google scholar
  • Fligstein, N. (1996). Markets as politics: A political-cultural approach to market institutions. American Sociological Review, 61(4), 656-673. google scholar
  • Foley, B. (2019). Marxist literary criticism today. London: Pluto Press google scholar
  • Freeden, M., l Sargent, L. T., & Stears, M. (Eds.). (2013). The Oxford handbook ofpolitical ideologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Freedom House Report (2023). Countries and territories. https://freedomhouse.org/countries/freedom-world/ scores google scholar
  • Friedman, M. (1981 [1962]). Capitalism and freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Gallagher, M., Laver, M., & Mair, P. (2004). Representative government in modern Europe. New York: McGraw-Hill. google scholar
  • Geddes, B. (2009). What causes democratization? In R. E. Goodin (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of political science (pp.593-615). Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Gedeon, p. (2018). Market and democracy: Friends or foes? Theories reconsidered. Society and Economy, 40 (2), 185-210. doi: 10.1556/204.2018.40.2.2 google scholar
  • Ghosh, A. (1993). Socialism, modern capitalism and democracy. Economic and Political Weekly, 28 (14), 551554. google scholar
  • Hayek, F. A. (2001[1944]). The road to serfdom. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Heywood, A. (2017). Political ideologies: An introduction (6th edition). Palgrave. google scholar
  • Huntington, S. P. (1968). Political order in changing societies. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Huntington, S. P. (1991a). The third wave: Democratization in the late twentieth century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. google scholar
  • Huntington, S. P. (1991b) Democracy’s third wave. Journal ofDemocracy, 2(2), 12-34. google scholar
  • Iversen, T. (2005). Capitalism, democracy, and welfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Iversen, T. (2006). Capitalism and democracy. In D. A. Wittman & B. R. Weingast, (Eds), Oxford handbook of political economy (pp.601-623). Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Jalal, A. (1994). The sole spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League, and the demand for Pakistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Kuo, D. (2018). Clientelism, capitalism, and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Kurki, M. (2014). Politico-economic models of democracy in democracy promotion. International Studies Perspectives, 15(2), 121-141. google scholar
  • Latham, M. E. (2011). The right kind of revolution: Modernization, development, and U. S. foreign policy from the cold war to the present. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. google scholar
  • Lenin, V. I. (1961 [1902]). What is to be done? Burning Questions of our Movement (WITBD). www.marxists. org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/ google scholar
  • Lindblom, C. E. (2001). The market system: What It Is, how It works, and what to make of it. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Lipset, S. M. (1959). Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy. The American Political Science Review, 53 (1), 69-105. google scholar
  • Lipset, S. M. (1960). Political man: The social bases ofpolitics. New York: Doubleday and Company. google scholar
  • Lipset, S. M. (1993). Reflections on capitalism, socialism and democracy. Journal ofDemocracy, 4 (2), 44-54. google scholar
  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (2005[1848]). Manifesto ofthe communist party. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/ works/down-load/manifest.pdf. google scholar
  • Matin, K. (2012). Democracy without capitalism: Re-theorizing Iran’s constitutional revolution. Middle East Critique, 21 (1), 37-56. google scholar
  • McMenamin, I. (2004). Varieties of capitalist democracy: What difference does East-Central Europe make? Journal ofPublic Policy, 24 (3), 259-274. google scholar
  • Michels, R. (1962). Political parties: A sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern parties. New York: Collier Books. google scholar
  • Moore, B. (1966). The social origins of dictatorship and democracy: Lord and peasant in the making of the modern world. Boston: Beacon Press. google scholar
  • North, D. C, Wallis, J. J., & Weingast, B. R. (2009). Violence and social orders: A conceptual framework for interpreting recorded human history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • OECD (2014) Does income inequality hurt economic growth? http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/Focus-Inequality-and-Growth-2014.pdf. google scholar
  • OECD.Stat (Social Expenditure - Aggregated data) (2023). https://stats.oecd.org/viewhtml. aspx?datasetcode=SOCX_AGG&lang=en google scholar
  • Offe, C. (1990). Contradictions of the welfare State. New York: The MIT Press. google scholar
  • Olson, M. (1993). Dictatorship, democracy, and development. The American Political Science Review, 87(3), 567-576. google scholar
  • Patnaik, P. (2008). Capitalism, freedom and democracy. Social Scientist, 36 (8), 16-28. google scholar
  • Pearson, M., Rithmire, M., & Tsai K. S. (2021). Party-state capitalism in China. Current History, 120 (827), 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.827.207 google scholar
  • Piketty, T (2014). Capital in the twenty first century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Polanyi, K. (2001). The great transformation. Boston: Beacon Press. google scholar
  • Popper, K. (1962). The open society and its enemies. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. google scholar
  • Przeworski, A. (1991). Democracy and the market: Political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Przeworski, A. (2004). Democracy and economic development. In E. D. Mansfield & R. Sisson (Eds.), Political science and the public interest (pp.1-27). Columbus: Ohio State University Press. google scholar
  • Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M., & Cheibub, J. (2000). Democracy and development: Political institutions and well-Being in the world,1950—1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Rowen, H. S. (2007). When will the Chinese people be free? Journal of Democracy, 18 (3), 38-52. google scholar
  • Sargent, L. T. (2009). Contemporary political ideologies: A comparative analysis (14th Edition). New York: Wadsworth Publishing. google scholar
  • Sattari, S. (2020). The Fetishism of state capitalism in Iran (1944-2020). Iranian Journal of Public Policy, 6 (3), 9-31. doi: 10.22059/jppolicy.2021.79491 google scholar
  • Schumpeter, J. (1976 [1943]). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Schwandt, T. A. (2000). Three epistemological stances for qualitative inquiry: Interpretivism, hermeneutics, and social constructionism. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 189-213). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. google scholar
  • Schwartz-Shea, P., & Yanow, D. (2012). Interpretive research design. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Strath, B (2013). Ideology and conceptual history. In M. Freeden, L. T. Sargent & M. Stears (Eds.), (2013). The Oxford handbook of political ideologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Streeck, W. (2014a). Buying time: The delayed crisis of democratic capitalism. London: Verso Books. google scholar
  • Streeck, W. (2014b). How will capitalism end? New Left Review, 87, 35-64. google scholar
  • Vanberg, V. J. (2005). Market and state: The perspective of constitutional political economy. Journal of Institutional Economics, 1(1), 23-49. google scholar
  • Wagner, P (2011). The democratic crisis of capitalism: Reflections on political and economic modernity in Europe, LEQS Paper No. 44/2011. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/53209/1/LEQSPaper44.pdf. google scholar
  • Westad, O. A. (2012). The cold war and the international history of the twentieth century. In Leffler M. P., & Westad O. A. (Eds.), The Cambridge history of cold war (pp.1-19). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Wetherly, P. (2017). Introduction to ideology: Contesting the nature of the ‘good society’. In P. Wetherly (Ed.), Political ideologies (pp. 1-32). Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Wolf, M. (2023). The crisis of democratic capitalism. New York: Penguin Press. google scholar
  • World Bank estimates (2013). Gini Index. http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/bangladesh/gini-index. google scholar
  • Yanow, D. (2014). Interpretive analysis and comparative research. In I. Engeli & C. R. Allison (Eds.), Comparative policy studies conceptual and methodological challenges (pp. 131-160). London: Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Zakaria, F. (1997). The rise of illiberal democracy. Foreign Affairs, 76 (6), 22-43. google scholar
  • Zakaria, F. (2007). The future of freedom, illiberal democracy at home and abroad (revised edition). New York: Norton & Company. google scholar

Co-existence of Democracy and Capitalism: A Reflection of Reciprocity or Ideology?

Year 2023, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 311 - 355, 27.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2023.32.1284826

Abstract

There are two types of premises discussing the relationship between democracy and capitalism. First, capitalism and democracy are interrelated since both ideologies protect the liberal concept of private property and the freedom of individuals. However, another bloc believes that these two ideologies are contradictory. Capitalism generates economic inequalities within society that create political disparity. Through a critical survey of some foundational texts and contemporary literature on liberal democracy and capitalism, this article examines their relationship and explains why and how capitalism and democracy support each other. It argues that capitalism and democracy fit structurally and mutually make a politico-economic order in which capitalism ensures its autonomies against the state, and democracy commands public policies in which economic structure does not ban the freedom of political choice. The article concludes that capitalism and democracy were reciprocally causal historically and serve as survival-shield of each other although they are not ideologically tied; democracy is the best institutional safeguard of market freedom and profit maximization, while capitalism creates the practical ground of political competition. Both are functionally well-suited as they ensure high centralization of power and capital in a few hands. This relationship is far more interest-oriented and power-centric than ideological.

References

  • Acemoglu, D. (2008). Oligarchic versus democratic societies. Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(1), 1-44. google scholar
  • Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2012). Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity and poverty. New York: Crown Publishers. google scholar
  • Acemoglu, D., & James A. Robinson. (2019). The narrow corridor: States, societies, and the fate of liberty. New York: Penguin Books. google scholar
  • Almond, G. (1991). Capitalism and democracy. Political Science, 24, 467-74. google scholar
  • Althusser, L. (2014). On the reproduction of capitalism: Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (Translated by G. M. Goshgarian). London: Verso. google scholar
  • Amadae, S. M. (2003). Rationalizing capitalist democracy. Chicago: Chicago University Press. google scholar
  • Andrain, C. F. (1984). Capitalism and democracy reappraised: A review essay. The Western Political Quarterly, 37(4), 652-664. google scholar
  • Asad, T. (1992). Conscripts of western civilization. In C. W. Gailey (Ed.), Dialectical anthropology: Essays on honor of Stanley Diamond, Vol. 1: Civilization in crisis: Anthropological perspectives (pp. 333-51). Florida: University Press of Florida. google scholar
  • Avrich, P. (1984). The Haymarket tragedy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Ball, T., Dagger, R., & O’Neil, D. (2014). Political ideologies and the democratic ideal. Boston: Pearson. google scholar
  • Baradat, L. P., & Phillips, J. A. (2017). Political ideologies: Their origins and impact (12th edition). New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Beetham, D. (1993). Four theorems about the market and democracy. European Journal of Political Research, 23(2), 187-201. google scholar
  • Berman, S. (2007). How democracies emerge: Lessons from Europe. Journal of Democracy, 18 (1), 28-41. google scholar
  • Bernholz, P. (2001). Democracy and capitalism: Are they compatible in the long-run? In D. Mueller & U. google scholar
  • Cantner (Eds.), Capitalism and democracy in the 21st century (pp. 9-22). Heidelberg: Springer Verlag Berlin. google scholar
  • Bhattacharya, H. (2008). Interpretive research. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (pp. 463-467). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. google scholar
  • Boggs C. (2011). Phantom democracy: Corporate interests and political power in America. Palgrave Macmillan, google scholar
  • Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (1986). Democracy and capitalism: Property, community, and the contradictions of modern social thought. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Clague, C., Keefer, P., Knack, S., & Olson, M. (1996). Property and contract rights in autocracies and democracies. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2), 243-276. google scholar
  • Coyne, C. (2007, August 27). Capitalism and democracy: Friends or foes? The Economist. https://www. economist.com/free-exchange/2007/08/27/capitalism-and-democracy-friends-or-foes google scholar
  • Creswell, J. (2007). Philosophical, paradigm, and interpretive frameworks. In J. W. Creswell (Ed.), Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among fve approaches (pp. 15-33). New York: Sage. google scholar
  • Dahl, R. (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Dahl, R. (1982). Dilemmas ofpluralist democracy: Autonomy vs. control. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Dahl, R. (1989). Democracy and its critics. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Dahl, R. (1993). Why all democratic countries have mixed economies. In J. W Chapman & I. Shapiro (Eds.), Democratic Community (pp. 259-282). New York: New York University Press. google scholar
  • Dahl, R. (1998). On democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Diamond, L. (1999). Developing democracy: Toward consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. google scholar
  • Diamond, L. (2003). Defining and developing democracy. In R. Dahl, I. Shapiro & J. Cheibub, (Eds.), Democracy source book (pp.29-39). London: The MIT Press. google scholar
  • Diamond, L. (2008). The spirit of democracy. New York: Times Books. google scholar
  • Diamond, L. (2010). Why are there no Arab democracies? Journal ofDemocracy, 21(1), 93-104. google scholar
  • Diamond, L. (2017). Prospects for democracy and democratization in Chinese societies. Keynote address to 59th annual conference of the American Association for Chinese Studies Walker Institute. https://diamond-democracy.stanford.edu/speaking/speeches/prospects-democracy-and-democratization-chinese-societies google scholar
  • Fligstein, N. (1996). Markets as politics: A political-cultural approach to market institutions. American Sociological Review, 61(4), 656-673. google scholar
  • Foley, B. (2019). Marxist literary criticism today. London: Pluto Press google scholar
  • Freeden, M., l Sargent, L. T., & Stears, M. (Eds.). (2013). The Oxford handbook ofpolitical ideologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Freedom House Report (2023). Countries and territories. https://freedomhouse.org/countries/freedom-world/ scores google scholar
  • Friedman, M. (1981 [1962]). Capitalism and freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Gallagher, M., Laver, M., & Mair, P. (2004). Representative government in modern Europe. New York: McGraw-Hill. google scholar
  • Geddes, B. (2009). What causes democratization? In R. E. Goodin (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of political science (pp.593-615). Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Gedeon, p. (2018). Market and democracy: Friends or foes? Theories reconsidered. Society and Economy, 40 (2), 185-210. doi: 10.1556/204.2018.40.2.2 google scholar
  • Ghosh, A. (1993). Socialism, modern capitalism and democracy. Economic and Political Weekly, 28 (14), 551554. google scholar
  • Hayek, F. A. (2001[1944]). The road to serfdom. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Heywood, A. (2017). Political ideologies: An introduction (6th edition). Palgrave. google scholar
  • Huntington, S. P. (1968). Political order in changing societies. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Huntington, S. P. (1991a). The third wave: Democratization in the late twentieth century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. google scholar
  • Huntington, S. P. (1991b) Democracy’s third wave. Journal ofDemocracy, 2(2), 12-34. google scholar
  • Iversen, T. (2005). Capitalism, democracy, and welfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Iversen, T. (2006). Capitalism and democracy. In D. A. Wittman & B. R. Weingast, (Eds), Oxford handbook of political economy (pp.601-623). Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Jalal, A. (1994). The sole spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League, and the demand for Pakistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Kuo, D. (2018). Clientelism, capitalism, and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Kurki, M. (2014). Politico-economic models of democracy in democracy promotion. International Studies Perspectives, 15(2), 121-141. google scholar
  • Latham, M. E. (2011). The right kind of revolution: Modernization, development, and U. S. foreign policy from the cold war to the present. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. google scholar
  • Lenin, V. I. (1961 [1902]). What is to be done? Burning Questions of our Movement (WITBD). www.marxists. org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/ google scholar
  • Lindblom, C. E. (2001). The market system: What It Is, how It works, and what to make of it. New Haven: Yale University Press. google scholar
  • Lipset, S. M. (1959). Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy. The American Political Science Review, 53 (1), 69-105. google scholar
  • Lipset, S. M. (1960). Political man: The social bases ofpolitics. New York: Doubleday and Company. google scholar
  • Lipset, S. M. (1993). Reflections on capitalism, socialism and democracy. Journal ofDemocracy, 4 (2), 44-54. google scholar
  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (2005[1848]). Manifesto ofthe communist party. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/ works/down-load/manifest.pdf. google scholar
  • Matin, K. (2012). Democracy without capitalism: Re-theorizing Iran’s constitutional revolution. Middle East Critique, 21 (1), 37-56. google scholar
  • McMenamin, I. (2004). Varieties of capitalist democracy: What difference does East-Central Europe make? Journal ofPublic Policy, 24 (3), 259-274. google scholar
  • Michels, R. (1962). Political parties: A sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern parties. New York: Collier Books. google scholar
  • Moore, B. (1966). The social origins of dictatorship and democracy: Lord and peasant in the making of the modern world. Boston: Beacon Press. google scholar
  • North, D. C, Wallis, J. J., & Weingast, B. R. (2009). Violence and social orders: A conceptual framework for interpreting recorded human history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • OECD (2014) Does income inequality hurt economic growth? http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/Focus-Inequality-and-Growth-2014.pdf. google scholar
  • OECD.Stat (Social Expenditure - Aggregated data) (2023). https://stats.oecd.org/viewhtml. aspx?datasetcode=SOCX_AGG&lang=en google scholar
  • Offe, C. (1990). Contradictions of the welfare State. New York: The MIT Press. google scholar
  • Olson, M. (1993). Dictatorship, democracy, and development. The American Political Science Review, 87(3), 567-576. google scholar
  • Patnaik, P. (2008). Capitalism, freedom and democracy. Social Scientist, 36 (8), 16-28. google scholar
  • Pearson, M., Rithmire, M., & Tsai K. S. (2021). Party-state capitalism in China. Current History, 120 (827), 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.827.207 google scholar
  • Piketty, T (2014). Capital in the twenty first century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Polanyi, K. (2001). The great transformation. Boston: Beacon Press. google scholar
  • Popper, K. (1962). The open society and its enemies. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. google scholar
  • Przeworski, A. (1991). Democracy and the market: Political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Przeworski, A. (2004). Democracy and economic development. In E. D. Mansfield & R. Sisson (Eds.), Political science and the public interest (pp.1-27). Columbus: Ohio State University Press. google scholar
  • Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M., & Cheibub, J. (2000). Democracy and development: Political institutions and well-Being in the world,1950—1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Rowen, H. S. (2007). When will the Chinese people be free? Journal of Democracy, 18 (3), 38-52. google scholar
  • Sargent, L. T. (2009). Contemporary political ideologies: A comparative analysis (14th Edition). New York: Wadsworth Publishing. google scholar
  • Sattari, S. (2020). The Fetishism of state capitalism in Iran (1944-2020). Iranian Journal of Public Policy, 6 (3), 9-31. doi: 10.22059/jppolicy.2021.79491 google scholar
  • Schumpeter, J. (1976 [1943]). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Schwandt, T. A. (2000). Three epistemological stances for qualitative inquiry: Interpretivism, hermeneutics, and social constructionism. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 189-213). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. google scholar
  • Schwartz-Shea, P., & Yanow, D. (2012). Interpretive research design. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Strath, B (2013). Ideology and conceptual history. In M. Freeden, L. T. Sargent & M. Stears (Eds.), (2013). The Oxford handbook of political ideologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Streeck, W. (2014a). Buying time: The delayed crisis of democratic capitalism. London: Verso Books. google scholar
  • Streeck, W. (2014b). How will capitalism end? New Left Review, 87, 35-64. google scholar
  • Vanberg, V. J. (2005). Market and state: The perspective of constitutional political economy. Journal of Institutional Economics, 1(1), 23-49. google scholar
  • Wagner, P (2011). The democratic crisis of capitalism: Reflections on political and economic modernity in Europe, LEQS Paper No. 44/2011. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/53209/1/LEQSPaper44.pdf. google scholar
  • Westad, O. A. (2012). The cold war and the international history of the twentieth century. In Leffler M. P., & Westad O. A. (Eds.), The Cambridge history of cold war (pp.1-19). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Wetherly, P. (2017). Introduction to ideology: Contesting the nature of the ‘good society’. In P. Wetherly (Ed.), Political ideologies (pp. 1-32). Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Wolf, M. (2023). The crisis of democratic capitalism. New York: Penguin Press. google scholar
  • World Bank estimates (2013). Gini Index. http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/bangladesh/gini-index. google scholar
  • Yanow, D. (2014). Interpretive analysis and comparative research. In I. Engeli & C. R. Allison (Eds.), Comparative policy studies conceptual and methodological challenges (pp. 131-160). London: Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Zakaria, F. (1997). The rise of illiberal democracy. Foreign Affairs, 76 (6), 22-43. google scholar
  • Zakaria, F. (2007). The future of freedom, illiberal democracy at home and abroad (revised edition). New York: Norton & Company. google scholar
There are 92 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tareq Hossain Khan 0000-0002-5313-6337

Publication Date November 27, 2023
Submission Date April 17, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 32 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Khan, T. H. (2023). Co-existence of Democracy and Capitalism: A Reflection of Reciprocity or Ideology?. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 32(2), 311-355. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2023.32.1284826