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Effectiveness of Clinical Scoring Systems in Duration of Hospital Stay, Transfusion Need and Prediction of Re-Bleeding in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department for Upper Gastrointestinal System Bleeding

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 255 - 262, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.1037148

Abstract

Objective: Upper gastrointestinal system (UGIS) bleeding is a life-threatening abdominal emergency. Numerous scoring systems have been developed to identify patients who may develop mortality due to UGIS bleeding. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS), Rockall score (RS), and AIMS 65 score in predicting the length of hospital stay, re-bleeding, and transfusion need.
Material and Methods: It was carried out retrospectively by recording the parameters and clinical scoring systems collected from the archive files and epicrisis information of the patients with the pre-diagnosis of UGIS hemorrhage.
Results: Sixty-three (67.7%) of 93 patients were male. Four patients (4.3%) needed intensive care, and in-hospital mortality occurred in 4 (4.3%) patients. Mortality was observed in 7 patients (7.5%), and recurrent UGIS bleeding was observed in six patients (6.5%). A statistically significant difference was found in AIMS 65 and Rockall scores in predicting -intensive care needs (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between clinical scoring systems in predicting in-hospital mortality and re-bleeding the UGIS at 3-month follow-up. A statistically significant difference was observed with the AIMS 65 score in predicting mortality at a 3-month follow-up (p<0.05).
Conclusion: While there was no statistically significant difference between GBS, RS, and AIMS 65 scores in predicting in-hospital mortality and 3-month re-bleeding, RS and AIMS 65 scores can be used to predict ICU need in the emergency department due to UCIS bleeding. The AIMS 65 score can also be used to predict 3-month mortality.

References

  • 1- Acosta, R. D., & Wong, R. K. Differential diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding proximal to the ligament of Trietz. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics: 2011, 21(4), 555-566.
  • 2- Dicu, D., Pop, F., Ionescu, D., & Dicu, T. Comparison of risk scoring systems in predicting clinical outcome at upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients in an emergency unit. The American journal of emergency medicine: 2013, 31(1), 94-99.
  • 3- Barkun, A., Sabbah, S., Enns, R., Armstrong, D., Gregor, J., Fedorak, R. N., ... & Fallone, C. A. The Canadian Registry on Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Endoscopy (RUGBE): Endoscopic hemostasis and proton pump inhibition are : 2004
  • 4- Kim, M. S., Choi, J., & Shin, W. C. AIMS65 scoring system is comparable to Glasgow-Blatchford score or Rockall score for prediction of clinical outcomes for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. BMC gastroenterology: 2019, 19(1), 136.
  • 5- Monteiro, S., Gonçalves, T. C., Magalhães, J., & Cotter, J. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk scores: Who, when and why?. World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology: 2016, 7(1), 86.
  • 6- Jairath, V., & Desborough, M. J. R. Modern‐day management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Transfusion Medicine: 2015, 25(6), 351-357.
  • 7- Rockall, T. A. Risk scoring in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Digestive and liver disease: 2006, 38(1), 10-11.
  • 8- Chey, W. D., Wong, B. C., & Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. American Journal of Gastroenterology: 2007, 102
  • 9- Laine, L., & Jensen, D. M. Management of patients with ulcer bleeding. American Journal of Gastroenterology: 2012, 107(3), 345-360.).
  • 10- Robertson, M., Majumdar, A., Boyapati, R., Chung, W., Worland, T., Terbah, R., ... & Vaughan, R. Risk stratification in acute upper GI bleeding: comparison of the AIMS65 score with the Glasgow-Blatchford and Rockall scoring systems. Gastrointestinal endoscopy: 2016, 83(6), 1151- 1160.
  • 11- Ozkan, S., Durukan, P., Senol, V., Vardar, A., Torun, E., & Ikizceli, I. Upper gastrointestinal system hemorrhage in the emergency department. Bratislavske lekarske listy: 2011, 112(12), 706-710.
  • 12- Cheng, D. W., Lu, Y. W., Teller, T., Sekhon, H. K., & Wu, B. U. A modified Glasgow Blatchford Score improves risk stratification in upper gastrointestinal bleed: a prospective comparison of scoring systems. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics: 2013, 36(8), 782-789.
  • 13- Wang, C. H., Chen, Y. W., Young, Y. R., Yang, C. J., & Chen, I. C. A prospective comparison of 3 scoring systems in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The American journal of emergency medicine: 2013, 31(5), 775-778.
  • 14- Thomopoulos, K. C., Vagenas, K. A., Vagianos, C. E., Margaritis, V. G., Blikas, A. P., Katsakoulis, E. C., & Nikolopoulou, V. N. Changes in aetiology and clinical outcome of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding during the last 15 years. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology: 2004, 16(2), 177-182.
  • 15- Miilunpohja, S., Jyrkkä, J., Kärkkäinen, J. M., Kastarinen, H., Heikkinen, M., Paajanen, H.&Hartikainen, J. E. K. Long-term mortality and causes of death in endoscopically verified upper gastrointestinal bleeding: comparison of bleeding patients and population controls. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology: 2017, 52(11), 1211-1218.
  • 16- Laursen, S. B., Hansen, J. M., & De Muckadell, O. B. S. (2012). The Glasgow Blatchford score is the most accurate assessment of patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: 2012, 10(10), 1130-1135.).

Acil Servise Üst Gastrointestinal Sistem Kanaması Nedeniyle Başvuran Hastalarda Klinik Skorlama Sistemlerinin Hastanede Kalış Süresi, Transfüzyon İhtiyacı ve Yeniden Kanama Öngörüsünde Etkinliğinin Araştırılması, Retrospektif Gözlemsel Çalışma

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 255 - 262, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.1037148

Abstract

Amaç: Üst gastrointestinal sistem (ÜGIS) kanamaları hayati tehlike oluşturabilen abdominal acildir. ÜGİS kanamalarına bağlı mortalite gelişebilecek hastaları belirlemek amaçlı çok sayıda skorlama sistemi üretilmiştir. Skorlama sistemlerinden Glasgow Blatchford skoru (GBS), Rockall skoru (RS) ve AİMS 65 skorunun hastanede kalış süresi, yeniden kanama görülmesi ve transfüzyon ihtiyacı öngörülerinde etkinliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif olarak ÜGİS hemoraji ön tanısı ile acil servise başvuran ve hastaların arşiv dosyalarından ve epikriz bilgilerinden toplanan parametreler ve klinik skorlama sistemlerinin kayıt edilmesi ile yürütüldü.
Bulgular: Doksan üç hastanın 63’ü (%67,7) erkekti. Dört hastanın (%4,3) yoğun bakım ihtiyacı mevcut olup, 4 hastada (%4,3) hastane içi mortalite gelişti. Üç aylık mortalite takibinde toplam 7 hastada (%7,5) mortalite gözlendi. Altı hastanın da (%6.5) 3 aylık takiplerinde tekrarlayan ÜGİS kanaması görüldü. Yoğun bakım ihtiyacını öngörmede AİMS 65 ve Rockall skorlarında istatistiksel anlamlı fark tespit edildi (p<0.05). Hastane içi mortalite ve 3 aylık takipte yeniden ÜGİS kanamasını öngörmede klinik skorlama sistemleri arasında istatistiksel anlamlı fark yoktu. 3 aylık takipte mortalite öngörmede AİMS 65 skoru ile istatistiksel anlamlı fark görüldü (p<0,05).
Sonuç: GBS, RS ve AİMS 65 skoru arasında hastane içi mortalite, 3 aylık yeniden kanamayı öngörmede istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yok iken, RS ve AİMS 65 skoru acil serviste ÜGİS kanamalarına bağlı YBÜ ihtiyacı öngörmede kullanılabilir. AİMS 65 skoru 3 aylık mortaliteyi öngörmede de kullanılabilir.

References

  • 1- Acosta, R. D., & Wong, R. K. Differential diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding proximal to the ligament of Trietz. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics: 2011, 21(4), 555-566.
  • 2- Dicu, D., Pop, F., Ionescu, D., & Dicu, T. Comparison of risk scoring systems in predicting clinical outcome at upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients in an emergency unit. The American journal of emergency medicine: 2013, 31(1), 94-99.
  • 3- Barkun, A., Sabbah, S., Enns, R., Armstrong, D., Gregor, J., Fedorak, R. N., ... & Fallone, C. A. The Canadian Registry on Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Endoscopy (RUGBE): Endoscopic hemostasis and proton pump inhibition are : 2004
  • 4- Kim, M. S., Choi, J., & Shin, W. C. AIMS65 scoring system is comparable to Glasgow-Blatchford score or Rockall score for prediction of clinical outcomes for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. BMC gastroenterology: 2019, 19(1), 136.
  • 5- Monteiro, S., Gonçalves, T. C., Magalhães, J., & Cotter, J. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk scores: Who, when and why?. World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology: 2016, 7(1), 86.
  • 6- Jairath, V., & Desborough, M. J. R. Modern‐day management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Transfusion Medicine: 2015, 25(6), 351-357.
  • 7- Rockall, T. A. Risk scoring in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Digestive and liver disease: 2006, 38(1), 10-11.
  • 8- Chey, W. D., Wong, B. C., & Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. American Journal of Gastroenterology: 2007, 102
  • 9- Laine, L., & Jensen, D. M. Management of patients with ulcer bleeding. American Journal of Gastroenterology: 2012, 107(3), 345-360.).
  • 10- Robertson, M., Majumdar, A., Boyapati, R., Chung, W., Worland, T., Terbah, R., ... & Vaughan, R. Risk stratification in acute upper GI bleeding: comparison of the AIMS65 score with the Glasgow-Blatchford and Rockall scoring systems. Gastrointestinal endoscopy: 2016, 83(6), 1151- 1160.
  • 11- Ozkan, S., Durukan, P., Senol, V., Vardar, A., Torun, E., & Ikizceli, I. Upper gastrointestinal system hemorrhage in the emergency department. Bratislavske lekarske listy: 2011, 112(12), 706-710.
  • 12- Cheng, D. W., Lu, Y. W., Teller, T., Sekhon, H. K., & Wu, B. U. A modified Glasgow Blatchford Score improves risk stratification in upper gastrointestinal bleed: a prospective comparison of scoring systems. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics: 2013, 36(8), 782-789.
  • 13- Wang, C. H., Chen, Y. W., Young, Y. R., Yang, C. J., & Chen, I. C. A prospective comparison of 3 scoring systems in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The American journal of emergency medicine: 2013, 31(5), 775-778.
  • 14- Thomopoulos, K. C., Vagenas, K. A., Vagianos, C. E., Margaritis, V. G., Blikas, A. P., Katsakoulis, E. C., & Nikolopoulou, V. N. Changes in aetiology and clinical outcome of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding during the last 15 years. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology: 2004, 16(2), 177-182.
  • 15- Miilunpohja, S., Jyrkkä, J., Kärkkäinen, J. M., Kastarinen, H., Heikkinen, M., Paajanen, H.&Hartikainen, J. E. K. Long-term mortality and causes of death in endoscopically verified upper gastrointestinal bleeding: comparison of bleeding patients and population controls. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology: 2017, 52(11), 1211-1218.
  • 16- Laursen, S. B., Hansen, J. M., & De Muckadell, O. B. S. (2012). The Glasgow Blatchford score is the most accurate assessment of patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: 2012, 10(10), 1130-1135.).
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Müge Çardak Hakbilen This is me 0000-0001-5535-5085

Hüseyin Cahit Halhallı This is me 0000-0002-0533-5593

Tuğçe Köksal Şimşek This is me 0000-0003-3563-3740

Hakan Özerol This is me 0000-0001-8939-4007

İlknur Tınmaz This is me 0000-0001-9947-3729

Onur Karakayalı 0000-0003-1848-3461

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date December 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Çardak Hakbilen M, Halhallı HC, Köksal Şimşek T, Özerol H, Tınmaz İ, Karakayalı O. Effectiveness of Clinical Scoring Systems in Duration of Hospital Stay, Transfusion Need and Prediction of Re-Bleeding in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department for Upper Gastrointestinal System Bleeding. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. June 2022;12(2):255-262. doi:10.31832/smj.1037148

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