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DEDITICII IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AELIA SENTIA AND CONSTITUTIO ANTONINIANA LAWS

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 239 - 244, 31.07.2024

Abstract

The term dediticii refers to people who lost their citizenship rights in the Roman Empire in the context of Ancient Roman history and law. Problems related to the increase in the number of freedmen in Roman society led Augustus to take new measures to limit the number of freedmen. Manumission practices aimed to purify Roman society from foreign elements by limiting the number of freedmen in terms of age and number. In this context, with the lex Aelia Sentia issued during the reign of Augustus, it was stipulated that both the freed slave and the master who freed him should be under a certain age, and manumission (manumissio) was made difficult with certain conditions. With the Lex Aelia Sentia, new rights statuses were created to prevent some freed groups, called dediticii, from gaining Roman citizenship. However, the universal citizenship model introduced to the entire Roman world with the Constitutio Antoniniana issued by Caracalla in 212 brought about new discussions about the legal status of this group. The study aims to reveal the status and legal identity of freedmen, called dediticii, in the Roman world, on the basis of ancient sources, Aelia Sentia and Constitutio Antoniniana laws.

References

  • Bauman, R.A.(2000). Human Rights in Ancient Rome. London and New York.
  • Baz, Ferit (2013). “Augustus Dönemi’ne Ait Aelia Sentia Yasası’nın İçeriği ve Hangi Amaçlar Doğrultusunda Çıkartıldığına İlişkin Düşünceler” Emine Uymaz (ed.), Prof.Dr. Erdoğan Merçil’e Armağan. 75. Doğum Yılı 50. Akademik Yılı, 451-460.
  • Bell, H.I. (1942). “P. Giss. 40 and the "Constitutio Antoniniana", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology”, Vol. 28. s. 39-49.
  • Benario, H.W.(1954). “The Dediticii of the Constitutio Antoniniana”, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 1954, Vol. 85,s.188-96.
  • Berger, Adolf (1991). Encylopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, C.43, The American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
  • Bickermann, E.(1926). Das Edikt des Kaisers Caracalla in P. Giss. 40, Berlin : Verlag A. Collignon.
  • Bradley, Keith (1994). Slavery and Society at Rome (Key Themes in Ancient History), Cambridge University Press.
  • Caso, Laura (2022). “Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images”, JMR 15, 87-104. Cassius Dio (1914). Dio's Roman History. Cocceianus. Earnest Cary. Herbert Baldwin Foster. William Heinemann, Harvard University Press. London; NewYork.
  • Cherry, David (1990). “The Minician Law: Marriage and the Roman Citizenship”, Phoenix, Vol. 44, No. 3, 244-266.
  • Cicero, M. Tullius (1913). De Officiis. With An English Translation. Walter Miller.Cambridge. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Mass., London, England.
  • Çelgin, G.(1990). “Constitutio Antoniniana’nın Termessos’taki Etkisi ve Kentteki Yazıtların Tarihlenmesindeki Önemi”, Anadolu Araştırmaları, 12, s.171-182.
  • Eren, S. (2017). “Roma Hukukunda Köle Mülkiyetinin Sınırları”, Bülent Tahiroğlu’na Armağan, Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 23 S. 3, 283 – 322.
  • Gaius (1904). Institutiones = The Institutes, çev. Edward Poste, Oxford.
  • Garnsey, Peter (1970). Social Status and Legal Privilege in the Roman Empire, Clarendon.
  • Günveren, G. Burcu, (2018). “Ius Civile’nın Tanıdığı Azat Etme Muameleleri ve Özel Hukuk Bakımından Sonuçları”, İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 76/2, 529-557.
  • Heichelheim, F. M.(1941) “The Text of the "Constitutio Antoniniana" and the Three Other Decrees of the Emperor Caracalla Contained in Papyrus Gissensis 40”, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 26, 10-22.
  • Jones, A. H. M.(1936). “Another Interpretation of the 'Constitutio Antoniniana”,The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 26/ 2, 223-235.
  • Jones, A.H.M.(1968).Studies in Roman Government and Law, Newyork.
  • Koops, E. (2013). “Masters and freedmen: Junian Latins and the struggle for citizenship”.In G. de Kleijn, & S. Benoist (Eds.), Integration in Rome and in the Roman world (105-126). (Impact of Empire; Vol. 17). Martinus Nijhoff/Brill.
  • Leraczyk, I. (2019). “On Some International Regulations In Gaius’s Institutes”, Review of European and Comparative Law, XXXIX, 99-119.
  • López Barja de Quiroga, P.(1998). “Junian Latins: Status and Number”, Athenaeum 86, 133- 163.
  • Mathisen, Ralph W.( 2006). Peregrini, Barbari, and Cives Romani: Concepts of Citizenship and the Legal Identity of Barbarians in the Later Roman Empire, The American Historical Review, 2006, Vol. 111, No. 4, 1011-1040.
  • Meyer, P. M.(1910). Griechische Papyri im Museum des oberhessischen Geschichtsverein zu Giessen, Berlin.
  • Minnen Peter v.(2016). “Three Edicts of Caracalla? A New Reading of P.Giss. 40”, Chiron 46, 205–221.
  • Mouritsen, Henrik (2011). The Freedman in the Roman World, Cambridge University Press, London.
  • Sastre, Inés, Plácido, Domingo (2005). Deditio in fidem and peasant forms of dependence in the Roman provincial system: the case of Northwestern Iberia, In: La fin du statut servile Affranchissement, libération,abolition. Volume II. Besançon 15- 17 décembre. Besançon : Presses Universitaires de Franche- Comté, 2008, 501-509.
  • Sherwin-White A.N.(1963). Roman Society and Roman Law In The New Testament, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
  • Suetonius (2019). De Vita Caesarum: Vita Augusti= On İki Caesar’ın Yaşamı, (çev. Gül Özaktürk- Ü.Fafo Telatar), Doğu Batı Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Tahiroğlu, Bülent (1973). “Roma Hukukunda Azat Etmenin Tahditleri”, İHFM, c. 38, 521-546.
  • Thür, Gerhard (2019).“The Dediticii in P.Giss. 40 I 7–9”, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut Abteilung Altertumswıssenschaften,501-517.
  • Ulpianus (1932). The Rules, çev. Samuel P. Scott, The Civil Law, I, Cincinnati.
  • Veldman, Eline (2020). The Lex Junia, Lex Fufia Caninia, and Lex Aelia Sentia. Impact and Motives of the Augustan Manumission Laws, RMA Ancient, Medieval, and Renaissance Studies Utrecht University.

AELIA SENTIA VE CONSTITUTIO ANTONINIANA YASALARI BAĞLAMINDA DEDITICII

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 239 - 244, 31.07.2024

Abstract

Dediticii terimi, Antik Roma tarihi ve hukuku bağlamında Roma İmparatorluğu’nda vatandaşlık haklarını kaybeden kişileri ifade etmektedir. Roma toplumunda azatlı sayısının artışı ile ilgili sorunlar, Augustus tarafından azatlı sayısının sınırlandırılmasına ilişkin yeni tedbirler alınmasına neden olmuştur. Azat etme uygulamaları ile yaş ve sayı bakımından azatlıların sayısının sınırlandırılarak Roma toplumunun yabancı unsurlardan arındırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda Augustus döneminde çıkarılan lex Aelia Sentia ile hem azat edilen kölenin hem de onu azat eden efendinin belirli bir yaşın altında olmaları şartı getirilmiş, azat etme (manumissio) birtakım koşullar ile zorlaştırılmıştır. Lex Aelia Sentia ile dediticii olarak adlandırılan bazı azatlı grupların Roma vatandaşlığı kazanmamaları için yeni hak statüleri yaratılmıştır. Bununla birlikte Caracalla’nın 212 yılında çıkardığı Constitutio Antoniniana ile birlikte tüm Roma dünyasına tanıdığı evrensel vatandaşlık modeli, bu grubun hukuki durumu hakkında yeni tartışmaları beraberinde getirmiştir. Çalışma, dediticii olarak adlandırılan azatlıların statüsü ve Roma dünyasındaki hukuki kimliğini antik kaynaklar, Aelia Sentia ve Constitutio Antoniniana yasaları temelinde ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Bauman, R.A.(2000). Human Rights in Ancient Rome. London and New York.
  • Baz, Ferit (2013). “Augustus Dönemi’ne Ait Aelia Sentia Yasası’nın İçeriği ve Hangi Amaçlar Doğrultusunda Çıkartıldığına İlişkin Düşünceler” Emine Uymaz (ed.), Prof.Dr. Erdoğan Merçil’e Armağan. 75. Doğum Yılı 50. Akademik Yılı, 451-460.
  • Bell, H.I. (1942). “P. Giss. 40 and the "Constitutio Antoniniana", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology”, Vol. 28. s. 39-49.
  • Benario, H.W.(1954). “The Dediticii of the Constitutio Antoniniana”, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 1954, Vol. 85,s.188-96.
  • Berger, Adolf (1991). Encylopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, C.43, The American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
  • Bickermann, E.(1926). Das Edikt des Kaisers Caracalla in P. Giss. 40, Berlin : Verlag A. Collignon.
  • Bradley, Keith (1994). Slavery and Society at Rome (Key Themes in Ancient History), Cambridge University Press.
  • Caso, Laura (2022). “Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images”, JMR 15, 87-104. Cassius Dio (1914). Dio's Roman History. Cocceianus. Earnest Cary. Herbert Baldwin Foster. William Heinemann, Harvard University Press. London; NewYork.
  • Cherry, David (1990). “The Minician Law: Marriage and the Roman Citizenship”, Phoenix, Vol. 44, No. 3, 244-266.
  • Cicero, M. Tullius (1913). De Officiis. With An English Translation. Walter Miller.Cambridge. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Mass., London, England.
  • Çelgin, G.(1990). “Constitutio Antoniniana’nın Termessos’taki Etkisi ve Kentteki Yazıtların Tarihlenmesindeki Önemi”, Anadolu Araştırmaları, 12, s.171-182.
  • Eren, S. (2017). “Roma Hukukunda Köle Mülkiyetinin Sınırları”, Bülent Tahiroğlu’na Armağan, Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 23 S. 3, 283 – 322.
  • Gaius (1904). Institutiones = The Institutes, çev. Edward Poste, Oxford.
  • Garnsey, Peter (1970). Social Status and Legal Privilege in the Roman Empire, Clarendon.
  • Günveren, G. Burcu, (2018). “Ius Civile’nın Tanıdığı Azat Etme Muameleleri ve Özel Hukuk Bakımından Sonuçları”, İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 76/2, 529-557.
  • Heichelheim, F. M.(1941) “The Text of the "Constitutio Antoniniana" and the Three Other Decrees of the Emperor Caracalla Contained in Papyrus Gissensis 40”, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 26, 10-22.
  • Jones, A. H. M.(1936). “Another Interpretation of the 'Constitutio Antoniniana”,The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 26/ 2, 223-235.
  • Jones, A.H.M.(1968).Studies in Roman Government and Law, Newyork.
  • Koops, E. (2013). “Masters and freedmen: Junian Latins and the struggle for citizenship”.In G. de Kleijn, & S. Benoist (Eds.), Integration in Rome and in the Roman world (105-126). (Impact of Empire; Vol. 17). Martinus Nijhoff/Brill.
  • Leraczyk, I. (2019). “On Some International Regulations In Gaius’s Institutes”, Review of European and Comparative Law, XXXIX, 99-119.
  • López Barja de Quiroga, P.(1998). “Junian Latins: Status and Number”, Athenaeum 86, 133- 163.
  • Mathisen, Ralph W.( 2006). Peregrini, Barbari, and Cives Romani: Concepts of Citizenship and the Legal Identity of Barbarians in the Later Roman Empire, The American Historical Review, 2006, Vol. 111, No. 4, 1011-1040.
  • Meyer, P. M.(1910). Griechische Papyri im Museum des oberhessischen Geschichtsverein zu Giessen, Berlin.
  • Minnen Peter v.(2016). “Three Edicts of Caracalla? A New Reading of P.Giss. 40”, Chiron 46, 205–221.
  • Mouritsen, Henrik (2011). The Freedman in the Roman World, Cambridge University Press, London.
  • Sastre, Inés, Plácido, Domingo (2005). Deditio in fidem and peasant forms of dependence in the Roman provincial system: the case of Northwestern Iberia, In: La fin du statut servile Affranchissement, libération,abolition. Volume II. Besançon 15- 17 décembre. Besançon : Presses Universitaires de Franche- Comté, 2008, 501-509.
  • Sherwin-White A.N.(1963). Roman Society and Roman Law In The New Testament, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
  • Suetonius (2019). De Vita Caesarum: Vita Augusti= On İki Caesar’ın Yaşamı, (çev. Gül Özaktürk- Ü.Fafo Telatar), Doğu Batı Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Tahiroğlu, Bülent (1973). “Roma Hukukunda Azat Etmenin Tahditleri”, İHFM, c. 38, 521-546.
  • Thür, Gerhard (2019).“The Dediticii in P.Giss. 40 I 7–9”, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut Abteilung Altertumswıssenschaften,501-517.
  • Ulpianus (1932). The Rules, çev. Samuel P. Scott, The Civil Law, I, Cincinnati.
  • Veldman, Eline (2020). The Lex Junia, Lex Fufia Caninia, and Lex Aelia Sentia. Impact and Motives of the Augustan Manumission Laws, RMA Ancient, Medieval, and Renaissance Studies Utrecht University.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Classical Greek and Roman History
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Serpil Aytüre 0000-0001-9690-8379

Publication Date July 31, 2024
Submission Date July 19, 2024
Acceptance Date July 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aytüre, S. (2024). AELIA SENTIA VE CONSTITUTIO ANTONINIANA YASALARI BAĞLAMINDA DEDITICII. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 239-244.