Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2564-6834 Bursa Uludağ University 10.21550/sosbilder.1056489 Psychology Psikoloji PERCEPTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL AND UNPROFESSIONAL DRIVERS ABOUT THEIR OWN BEHAVIOURS AND SKILLS Profesyonel ve Profesyonel Olmayan Sürücülerin Davranışları ve Becerileri Hakkındaki Algıları https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6852-4287 Salduz Mehmet BAŞKENT ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9014-4029 Azık Derya ORTA DOĞU TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-0948 Öz Bahar ORTA DOĞU TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 07 31 2022 23 43 1331 1363 01 11 2022 04 14 2022 Copyright © 1999, Uludağ University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences 1999 Uludağ University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences

According to Social Identity Theory people tend to be positive for members of group to which they feel as belonging and to be negative for members of group to which they do not feel as belonging. Such perception bias is thought to be exist among different group of drivers in traffic, as well. In this context, this study aims to investigate professional (like taxi drivers) and unprofessional (private car users) drivers’ driver skills, safety concerns and risk-taking behaviors and together with researching perception of each group of drivers toward the other. 40 unprofessional and 39 professional drivers participated in the study. After each participant assessed himself/herself through Driver Skill Inventory (DSI) and risk-taking behavior scale, s/he also evaluated members of the other group of drivers through these scales. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between the two groups. Specifically, it was found that professional drivers state their driver skills and safety concerns higher and their risk-taking behaviors lower than unprofessional drivers in traffic. Moreover, each group’s self-assessment scores with regard to driving skills, safety concerns and risk-taking behaviors are generally in line with the other group’s perception of that group on these variables.

Sosyal Kimlik Kuramına göre insanlar, aidiyet hissettiği grubun üyelerini daha olumlu, aidiyet hissetmediği grubun üyelerini ise daha olumsuz değerlendirme eğilimindedir. Bu bağlamda trafiğe karışan farklı sürücü gruplarının da buna benzer bir tutum sergileyebileceği düşünülmüştür. Dolayısıyla profesyonel (taksi şoförlerinin) ve profesyonel olmayan sürücülerin; sürücü becerileri, güvenlik endişeleri ve risk alma davranışlarının incelenmesi ve her iki grubun bu özellikler açısından birbirine yönelik algısının araştırılması bu çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Çalışmaya 39 tane profesyonel ve 40 tane profesyonel olmayan sürücü katılmıştır. Her katılımcı kendisini Sürücü Becerileri Ölçeği (SBÖ) ve risk alma davranışları ölçeği üzerinden değerlendirip karşı grubun üyelerini de aynı ölçekler üzerinden değerlendirmiştir. Tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile iki grup arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Spesifik olarak, profesyonel sürücülerin trafikte profesyonel olmayan sürücülere göre sürücü becerilerini ve güvenlik kaygılarını daha yüksek ve risk alma davranışlarını daha düşük olarak beyan ettikleri bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, her grubun öz değerlendirme puanları ile diğer grubun üyelerine yönelik algısı genellikle paralellik göstermiştir.

 professional drivers unprofessional drivers driver skills risk-taking behaviors traffic psychology profesyonel sürücüler profesyonel olmayan sürücüler sürücü becerileri risk-alma davranışları trafik psikolojisi Ariyanto, A., Hafiyah, N., Soesetio, S. R. (2011). Intergroup bias among Jakarta’s road users. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 15(2), 127. Bener, A., Al Maadid, M. G. A., Özkan, T., Al-Bast, D. A. E., Diyab, K. N., Lajunen, T. (2008). The impact of four-wheel drive on risky driver behaviours and road traffic accidents. Transportation Research Part F, (11), 324-333. Crundall, D., Bibby, P., Clarke, D., Ward, P., Bartle, C. (2008). Car drivers’ attitudes towards motorcyclists: A survey. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(3), 983-993. Delhomme, P. (1991). Comparing ones driving with others: Assessment of abilities and frequency of offences. Evidence for a superior conformity of self-bias? Accident Analysis & Prevention, 23(6), 493-508. Elander, J., West, R., French, D. (1993). Behavioral correlates of individual differences in road-traffic crash risk: An examination of methods and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113(2), 279-294. Erkuş, U. & Özkan, T. (2019). Young male taxi drivers and private car users on driving simulator for their self-reported driving skills and behaviors. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, (64), 70-83. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buncher, A., Lang, A-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, (41), 1149-1160. Iversen, H. (2004). Risk-taking attitudes and risky driving behaviour. Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 7(3), 135-150. Lajunen, T. & Summala, H. (1995). Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety motive dimensions in drivers’ self-assessments. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(3), 307-318. Lajunen, T., Karola, J., Summala, H. (1997). Speed and acceleration as measures of driving style in young male drivers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 85(1), 3-16. Lam, L. T. (2004). Environmental factors associated with crash-related mortality and injury among taxi drivers in New South Wales, Australia. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36(5), 905-908. Martinussen, L. M., Møller, M., Prato, C. G. (2014). Assessing the relationship between the Driver Behavior Questionnaire and the Driver Skill Inventory: Revealing sub-groups of drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, (26), 82-91. Moen, B. (2007). Determinants of safety priorities in transport - The effect of personality, worry, optimism, attitudes and willingness to pay. Safety Science, 45(8), 848-863. Nævestad, T.-O., Laiou, A., Phillips, R. O., Bjørnskau, T., Yannis, G. (2019). Safety Culture among Private and Professional Drivers in Norway and Greece: Examining the Influence of National Road Safety Culture. Safety, 5(2), 1-33. Nordfjærn, T., Jørgensen, S. H., Rundmo, T. (2012). Safety attitudes, behaviour, anxiety and perceived control among professional and non-professional drivers. Journal of Risk Research, 15(8), 875-896. Oakes, P. (1987). The salience of social categories. J. C. Turner (Ed.), In Rediscovering the Social Identity: A Self-Categorization Theory (pp. 117-141). Basil Blackwell. Öz, B., Özkan, T., Lajunen, T. (2010). Professional and non-professional drivers’ stress reactions and risky driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13(1), 32-40. Öz, B., Özkan, T., Lajunen, T. (2013). An investigation of professional drivers: Organizational safety climate, driver behaviours and performance. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, (16), 81-91. Paulhus, D. L. & Reid, D. B. (1991). Enhancement and denial in socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(2), 307-317. Reason, J. T., Manstead, A., Stradling, S. G., Baxter, J., Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the road - a real distinction. Ergonomics, 33(10/11), 1315-1332. Shams, M., Shojaeizadeh, D., Majdzadeh, R., Rashidian, A., Montazeri, A. (2011). Taxi drivers’ views on risky driving behavior in Tehran: A qualitative study using a social marketing approach. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 43(3), 646-651. Sivak, M., Soler, J., Tränkle, U. (1989). Cross-cultural differences in driver self-assessment. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 21(4), 371-375. Sullman, M. J. M., Meadows, M. L., Pajo, K. B. (2002). Aberrant driving behaviours amongst New Zealand truck drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, (5), 217-232. Sümer, N. (2003). Personality and behavioral predictors of traffic accidents: Testing a contextual mediated model. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 35(6), 949-964. Sümer, N., Özkan, T., Lajunen, T. (2006). Asymmetric relationship between driving and safety skills. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(4), 703-711. Sümer, N., & Özkan, T., (2002). The role of driver behavior, skills, and personality traits in traffic accidents. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 17(50), 1-22. Stewart, D. H., Biggs, H. C., Davey, J. D. (2005). Rushing ruins livelihoods: Road safety in the taxi industry. In Conference of the Australian Institutes of Transport Research. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149-178. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 33-47. Tekeş, B., Erkuş, U., Lajunen, T. (2019). Does the group membership shape evaluations on other drivers? The role of symbolic cues in traffic. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, (63), 216-225. Trepte, S. (2006). Social identity theory. Psychology of Entertainment, 255-271. Wang, Y., Li, L., Feng, L., Peng, H. (2014). Professional drivers’ views on risky driving behaviors and accident liability: A questionnaire survey in Xining, China. Transportation Letters, 6(3), 126-135. Yılmaz, Ş., Arslan, B., Öztürk, İ., Özkan, Ö., Özkan, T., Lajunen, T. (2022). Driver social desirability scale: A Turkish adaptation and examination in the driving context. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, (84), 53-64.