Girişimciliği Etkileyen Faktörlere İlişkin Algı: Kırgız, Butan ve Tayvan Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Kültürlerarası Bir Araştırma

Year 2020, , 135 - 151, 25.01.2020

Azamat Maksüdünov , Samten Jamtshob Ömürbek İlimbekov

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.01.08

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı öğrencilerin girişimciliği etkileyen faktörlere ilişkin algılamalarını kültürlerarası düzeyde karşılaştırmalı olarak ele almaktır. Çalışmanın örneklemini Kırgızistan’da (n=200), Butan’da (n=200) ve Tayvan’da (n=200) eğitim almakta olan üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında yüz-yüze ve online anket tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız örneklem T testi ve ANOVA analizleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, Butan öğrencilerinin algılamalarının diğer ülkelerle göre daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Tüm ülkeler için bağımsızlık öğrencileri girişimciliğe motive eden en önemli faktör olduğu, diğer taraftan en az önemli faktörlerin ülkelere göre farklılık gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kırgızistan için hükümet desteği son sıradayken, Butan için aile ve yakın çevre faktörü, Tayvan için ise ekonomik koşullar son sırada çıkmıştır.

Keywords

Öğrenci Girişimciliği, Girişimciliğin Belirleyicileri, Kültürlerarası Analiz

Perception towards Drivers of Entrepreneurship: A Cross-cultural Study on the University Students from Kyrgyzstan, Bhutan & Taiwan

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine students’ perceptions toward drivers of entrepreneurship in the cross cultural context. The sample of the study consists of undergraduate students from Kyrgyzstan (n=200), Bhutan (n=200) and Taiwan (n=200) universities. Primary data were compiled by using face-to-face and online questionnaire methods. Descriptive statistics, paired sample t test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The empirical findings reveal that Bhutanese students have the highest mean scores compared to other countries. Independence dimension is found to be the first driver for all the three countries. However, the last dimension is different for the countries. Government support is the last driver for Kyrgyzstan, family and relatives for Bhutan and economic conditions for Taiwan respectively.

Keywords

Student Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Drivers, Cross-Cultural Analysis

References

• Asian Development Bank (2017), Prosperous (and happy) Bhutan is Asia’s Fastest Growing Economy, <https://www.adb.org/news/features/prosperous-and-happy-bhutan-asia-s-fastest-growing-economy>, 10.09.2018.
• Aziz, N. & B. A. Friedman & A. Bopieva & I. Keles (2013), “Entrepreneurial Motives and Perceived Problems: An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurs in Kyrgyzstan”, International Journal of Business, 18(2), 163-176.
• Bastian, B.L. & R.Z. Mohammad (2016), “Entrepreneurial Motives and Their Antecedents of Men and Women in North Africa and the Middle East”, Gender in Management: An International Journal, 31(7), 456-478.
• Belwal, R. & H. Al Balushi & S. Belwal (2015), “Students’ Perception of Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Education in Oman”, Education & Training, 57(8-9), 924-947.
• Breazeale, N. & M.W.-P. Fortunato & J.E. Allen IV & R.J. Hustedde & H. Pushkarskaya (2015), “Constructing a Multi-Dimensional Measure of Local Entrepreneurial Culture”, Community Development, 46(5), 516-540.
• Daim, T. & M. Dabic & E. Bayraktaroglu (2016), “Students’ Entrepreneurial Behavior: International and Gender Differences”, Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A Systems View Across Time and Space, 5(1), 1-22.
• Ertuna, İ.Z. & E. Gurel (2011), “The Moderating Role of Higher Education on Entrepreneurship”, Education Training, 53(5), 387-402.
• Fernandes, C. & J.J. Ferreira & M. Raposo & J. Sanchez & B. Hernandez-Sanchez (2018), “Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions: an International Cross-Border Study”, International Journal of Innovation Science, 10(2), 129-142.
• Friedman, B.A. & A. Nergis & I. Keles & S. Sayfullin (2012), “Predictors of Students` Desire to be an Entrepreneur: Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, and the United States”, Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 5(9), 129-140.
• Franco, M. & H. Haase & A. Lautenschläger (2010), “Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions: An Inter-Regional Comparison”, Education & Training, 52(4), 260-275.
• Giacomin, O. & F. Janssen & M. Pruett & R.S. Shinnar & F. Llopis & B. Toney (2011), “Entrepreneurial Intentions, Motivations and Barriers: Differences among American, Asian and European Students”, International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 7, 219-238.
• Government of Kyrgyz Republic (2018), The Program of Digital Transformation of the Kyrgyz Republic “Taza Koom”, <http://tazakoom.kg/site/index>, 30.08.2018.
• Gupta, V. & Ch. Fernandez (2009), “Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences in Characteristics Attributed to Entrepreneurs: A Three-Nation Study”, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15(3), 304-318.
• Iakovleva, T. & M.Z. Solesvik (2014), “Entrepreneurial Intentions in Post-Soviet Economies”, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 21(1), 79-100.
• Isada, F. & L. Han-Ching & Y. Isada (2015), “Entrepreneurship of University Students in Taiwan and Japan”, Management Research Review, 38(12), 1251-1266.
• Juan, A.M. & G. Marjan & L. Mariola & U. Stephan & K. Zarafshani (2012), “A Cross-Cultural Approach to Understanding Entrepreneurial Intention”, Journal of Career Development, 39(2), 162-185.
• Katundu, M.A. & D.M. Gabagambi (2014), “Entrepreneurial Tendencies of Tanzanian University Graduates: Evidence from University of Dar-es-Salaam”, European Academic Research, 1(12), 5525-5558.
• KTMU Students’ Affairs Department (2018), Student Statistics Report, <http://oidb.manas.edu.kg/genel_ogrsay.html>, 22.08.2018.
• Lei, W. & P. Leonel & K.T. Hinrichs & H.A. Milling (2012), “A Cross-Cultural Study of Motivation for Self-Employment”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 18(6), 649-672.
• Lewis, P. & L. Wei & Y. Hao & L. Yong & L. C. Vaccaro (2013), “Factors Influencing the Formation of Chinese and American Entrepreneurs”, Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 2(1), 54-66.
• Maksüdünov, A. (2018), “Girişimcilik Motivasyonunu Etkileyen Faktörler: Kırgızistan ve Hindistan’da Lisansüstü Öğrenciler Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(41), 38-56.
• Mansor, M. & N. Othman (2011), “CoBLAS: Inculcating Entrepreneurial Culture among Higher Education Institutions’ Students”, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 1(1), 86-91.
• Marques, C. & J. Ferreira & D. Gomes & R. Rodrigues (2012), “Entrepreneurship Education: How Psychological, Demographic and Behavioral Factors Predict the Entrepreneurial Intention”, Education & Training, 54(8-9), 657-672.
• Ministry of Labor and Human Resources (2017), Labor Force Survey Report 2016 (Report 14), Bhutan, <http://www.molhr.gov.bt/molhr/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Labour-Force-Survey-Report-2016.pdf>, 10.09.2018.
• Mogollón, R.H. & P.P. Rubio (2010), “An Approach to Entrepreneurial Culture and Education in Secondary School”, International Journal of Business Environment, 3(1), 120-134.
• National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic (2018), Statistics, <http://stat.kg/en/>, 10.08.2018.
• National Statistics Bureau (2017), Population and Housing Census of Bhutan 2017, Bhutan, <http://www.nsb.gov.bt/publication/files/PHCB2017_national.pdf>, 10.09.2018.
• National Statistics Bureau (2017), Bhutan Poverty Analysis Report 2017, Bhutan, <http://www.nsb.gov.bt/publication/files/2017_PAR_Report.pdf>, 10.09.2018.
• National Statistics Bureau (2017), National Accounts Statistics 2017, Bhutan, <http://www.nsb.gov.bt/publication/files/pub4pe1310cn.pdf>, 10.09.2018.
• Schwarz, E. & M. Wdowiak & D. Almer-Jarz & R. Breitenecker (2009), “The Effects of Attitudes and Perceived Environment Conditions on Students’ Entrepreneurial Intent”, Education & Training, 51(4), 272-291.
• Segal, G. & D. Borgia, & J. Schoenfeld (2005), “The Motivation to Become an Entrepreneur”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 11(1), 42-57.
• The World Bank (2018), Statistics, <https://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx>, 15.08.2018.
• The World Bank (2018), Doing Business Report, <http://www.doingbusiness.org/>, 15.08.2018.
• The Heritage Foundation (2018), Economic Freedom Index, <https://www.heritage.org/>, 15.08.2018.
• The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute (2018), Global Entrepreneurship Index, <http://thegedi.org/>, 15.08.2018.
• The Countrymeters (2018), Statistics, <https://countrymeters.info/>, 15.08.2018.
• The Official Web Site of the Republic of China (2018), <https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/>, 25.10.2018.
• The World Population Review (2018), Report, <http://worldpopulationreview.com/>, 25.10.2018.
• Turker, D. & S.S. Selcuk (2009), “Which Factors Affect Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students?”, Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(2), 142-159.
• Utha, K. & S. Rinchen & B. Gurung & G. Gurung & T. Rabgay & C. Dorji (2016), “Entrepreneurship Education in Bhutan: Perception, Culture and Challenges”, World Journal of Educational Research, 3(2), 460-501.
• Valliere, D. (2014), “Culture, Values and Entrepreneurial Motivation in Bhutan”, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 8(2), 126-146.
• Wu, L. & J. Li (2011), “Perceived Value of Entrepreneurship: A Study of the Cognitive Process of Entrepreneurial Career Decision”, Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 134-146.