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Resisting Transhumanism in Matt Haig’s The Humans

Year 2024, , 1486 - 1503, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1558240

Abstract

This paper analyses Matt Haig’s The Humans (2013) as a response to transhumanism that resists transhumanist aspirations for human enhancement. Humankind has always pushed its limits both to survive and to thrive. The advent of industry, however, has accelerated the slow progress of its advancement beyond imagination to be further amplified with the advent of advanced techno-science later in the mid-twenty-first century. Armed with their new tools, and since Nietzsche, humans have aspired to become the Übermensch; and, since Julian Huxley coined the term in 1951, they have sought to become transhuman. Yet, the worth of these pursuits or the questions regarding humanity’s ultimate direction are still topics for debate, maybe more immediate than ever in our age of autonomous robots and artificial intelligence. Haig’s novel enters the conversation at this point, within the context of the 2010s, which witnessed a considerable increase and intensification in research and in both academic and popular debates about transhumanism. The overall impression that these debates leave the public with is one of unanimous endorsement by all kinds of positivist authorities, inviting people to embrace a transhuman future outright. Haig’s The Humans, however, attempts to introduce a pause to this narrative—if not a full-stop altogether. His ultimate argument is that perhaps the answer for humanity is in seeking to become not super- or trans-humans but simply to become contended humans, retaining and making one’s peace with one’s fundamental humanity.

References

  • Bostrom, Nick. (2003). Human Genetic Enhancements: A Transhumanist Perspective. The Journal of Value Inquiry, 37(4), 493–506. DOI: 10.1023/b:inqu.0000019037.67783.d5
  • Bostrom, Nick. (2013). Why I Want to be a Posthuman When I Grow Up. In Max More, & Natasha Vita-More (Eds.), The Transhumanist Reader (pp. 29-55). Wiley Blackwell.
  • Clark, Andy. (2013). Re-Inventing Ourselves: The Plasticity of Embodiment, Sensing, and Mind. In Max More, & Natasha Vita-More (Eds.), The Transhumanist Reader (pp. 113-127). Wiley Blackwell.
  • Coursen, Jerry. (2011). “Against Species Extinction Transhumanism and Contemporary Technological Culture.” In Hava Tirosh-Samuelsen, & Kenneth L. Mossman (Ed.s), Building Better Humans?: Refocusing the Debate on Transhumanism (pp. 417-439). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Edition.
  • Deretić, Irina. (2016). “On the Origin and Genesis of Humans and Other Mortals in Plato's Protagoras.” In Irina Deretić, & Stefan Lorenz Sorgner (Eds.), From Humanism to Meta-, Post- and Transhumanism? (pp. 21-36). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Edition.
  • Dinerstein, Joel. (2006). Technology and Its Discontents: On the Verge of the Posthuman. American Quarterly, 58(3), 569-595. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40068384
  • Ferrando, Francesca. (2019). Philosophical Posthumanism. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Ferrando, Francesca. (2013). Posthumanism, Transhumanism, Antihumanism, Metahumanism, and New Materialisms Differences and Relations. Existenz, 8(2), 26-32. https://existenz.us/volumes/Vol.8-2Ferrando.pdf
  • Foucault, Michel. (2005). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. London: Routledge.
  • Haig, Matt. (2014[2013]). The Humans. Edinburgh: Canongate.
  • Hauskeller, Michael. (2013). Better Humans?: Understanding the Enhancement Project. Durham: Acumen.
  • Hauskeller, Michael. (2016). Mythologies of Transhumanism. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Herbrechter, Stefan. (2013). Posthumanism: A Critical Analysis. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Huxley, Julian. (1957). New Bottles for New Wine. London: Chatto & Windus.
  • Lilley, Stephen. (2013). Transhumanism and Society: The Social Deabte Over Human Enhancement. New York: Springer.
  • Mahon, Peter. (2017). Posthumanism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Nayar, Pramod K. (2014). Posthumanism. Cambridge: Polity.

Matt Haig’in İnsanlar Romanında Transhümanizme Direniş

Year 2024, , 1486 - 1503, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1558240

Abstract

Bu makale, Matt Haig'in İnsanlar (2013) adlı eserini, transhümanizme ve onun insan varlığının pekiştirilmesine yönelik amaçlarına direnen bir yanıt olarak okumaktadır. İnsanların hem hayatta kalmak hem de gelişmek için daima sınırlarını zorladıkları bilinen bir gerçektir. Ancak endüstrinin ortaya çıkışı ile yavaş ilerlemekte olan bu süreç hayal edilebileceğinin ötesinde hızlanmış ve yirmin birinci yüzyılın ortalarında ileri teknoloji ve bilimin ortaya çıkmasıyla farklı bir boyut kazanmıştır. Edindiği yeni imkanlarla donanan insan, Nietzsche buna işaret ettiğinden beri Übermensch olmayı arzulamış; Julian Huxley'nin 1951'de bu terimi ortaya atmasından bu yana da transhüman olmaya çalışmıştır. Yine de, bu arayışların ne denli manalı olduğuna ve insanlığın nihai gidişatına dair sorular tartışma konusu olmayı sürdürmekte ve belki de otonom robotların ve yapay zekanın ortaya çıktığı çağımızda her zamankinden daha yakıcı sorunlar olarak belirmektedir. Haig'in romanı tam da bu noktada, transhümanizm araştırmalarının ve hem akademik hem de popüler tartışmalarının önemli bir artış ve yoğunlaşma gösterdiği 2010'lar bağlamında söz sahibi olmayı amaçlar. Bu tartışmaların kamuoyunda bıraktığı genel izlenim, her türden pozitivist otoritenin oybirliğiyle transhümanizmi onayladığı ve insanları transhüman bir geleceği tamamen benimsemeye davet ettiği bir ortamda, Haig'in İnsanlar eseri, aksi yönde bir tavır alır—hatta buna belki büsbütün itiraz eder. Eserin nihai bakışı, insanlık için cevabın süper- ya da trans-hüman olmaya çalışmaktan ziyade sadece insan olmaktan mutlu olmaya ve insanlığıyla barışık olmaya çalışmakta olduğudur.

References

  • Bostrom, Nick. (2003). Human Genetic Enhancements: A Transhumanist Perspective. The Journal of Value Inquiry, 37(4), 493–506. DOI: 10.1023/b:inqu.0000019037.67783.d5
  • Bostrom, Nick. (2013). Why I Want to be a Posthuman When I Grow Up. In Max More, & Natasha Vita-More (Eds.), The Transhumanist Reader (pp. 29-55). Wiley Blackwell.
  • Clark, Andy. (2013). Re-Inventing Ourselves: The Plasticity of Embodiment, Sensing, and Mind. In Max More, & Natasha Vita-More (Eds.), The Transhumanist Reader (pp. 113-127). Wiley Blackwell.
  • Coursen, Jerry. (2011). “Against Species Extinction Transhumanism and Contemporary Technological Culture.” In Hava Tirosh-Samuelsen, & Kenneth L. Mossman (Ed.s), Building Better Humans?: Refocusing the Debate on Transhumanism (pp. 417-439). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Edition.
  • Deretić, Irina. (2016). “On the Origin and Genesis of Humans and Other Mortals in Plato's Protagoras.” In Irina Deretić, & Stefan Lorenz Sorgner (Eds.), From Humanism to Meta-, Post- and Transhumanism? (pp. 21-36). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Edition.
  • Dinerstein, Joel. (2006). Technology and Its Discontents: On the Verge of the Posthuman. American Quarterly, 58(3), 569-595. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40068384
  • Ferrando, Francesca. (2019). Philosophical Posthumanism. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Ferrando, Francesca. (2013). Posthumanism, Transhumanism, Antihumanism, Metahumanism, and New Materialisms Differences and Relations. Existenz, 8(2), 26-32. https://existenz.us/volumes/Vol.8-2Ferrando.pdf
  • Foucault, Michel. (2005). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. London: Routledge.
  • Haig, Matt. (2014[2013]). The Humans. Edinburgh: Canongate.
  • Hauskeller, Michael. (2013). Better Humans?: Understanding the Enhancement Project. Durham: Acumen.
  • Hauskeller, Michael. (2016). Mythologies of Transhumanism. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Herbrechter, Stefan. (2013). Posthumanism: A Critical Analysis. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Huxley, Julian. (1957). New Bottles for New Wine. London: Chatto & Windus.
  • Lilley, Stephen. (2013). Transhumanism and Society: The Social Deabte Over Human Enhancement. New York: Springer.
  • Mahon, Peter. (2017). Posthumanism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Nayar, Pramod K. (2014). Posthumanism. Cambridge: Polity.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other), Literary Theory
Journal Section EDEBİYAT / ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Authors

Cihan Yazgı 0000-0001-5914-156X

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date September 30, 2024
Acceptance Date November 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Yazgı, C. (2024). Resisting Transhumanism in Matt Haig’s The Humans. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, 9(3), 1486-1503. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1558240