PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S OPPORTUNITIES AND PARENTS’ OPINIONS REGARDING OUTDOOR PLAY

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 32, - , 01.01.2014

Nilgün Cevher Kalburan

https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.21616

Cited By: 18

Öz

This study aims to explore preschool children’s opportunities and parents’ opinions regarding outdoor play in Denizli,
Turkey. Totally 398 parents answered the questionnaire that was designed by the researcher. The study shows
that most of the children play outdoors once a day; generally they play in playgrounds and backyards under adults’
or older sister/brothers’ supervisions. Moreover, parents often have concerns about traffic, ill-intentioned strangers,
kidnapping and injures. Correspondingly, their expectations include enhancing and varying playgrounds and green
areas as well as increasing safety in outdoor settings where children play. These findings are discussed in the light
of literature and suggestions for improving children’s outdoor play opportunities are made.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Outdoor play, Early years, Play settings, Parents

OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEM ÇOCUKLARININ DIŞ MEKANDA OYUN FIRSATLARI VE EBEVEYN GÖRÜŞLERİ

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Denizli ilindeki okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden çocukların dış mekanda oyun oynama fırsatlarının ve ebeveynlerin bu konudaki görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen anket formunu toplam 398 ebeveyn yanıtlamıştır. Araştırma sonunda çocukların çoğunlukla günde bir defa dış mekanda oyun oynadıkları; oyun alanı olarak çocuk parkı ve evin/apartmanın bahçesinin tercih edildiği; dış mekanda oyun sırasında çocukların yetişkin veya büyük kardeş tarafından gözlendiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, ebeveynlerin dış mekanda oyun ile ilgili kaygılarının çoğunluğunun trafik, kötü niyetli yabancılar, kaçırılma ve yaralanma ile ilgili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu kaygılara paralel olarak ebeveynler çeşitli alternatifler içeren çocuk parkı ve yeşil alanların yaygınlaştırılması ve çocukların oyun ortamlarında güvenliğin arttırılmasına yönelik beklentilerini ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve çocukların dış mekanda oyun fırsatlarının arttırılmasına yönelik birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Sözcükler: Dış mekanda oyun, Okul öncesi dönem, Oyun alanları, Ebeveyn.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dış mekânda oyun, Okul öncesi dönem, Oyun alanları, Ebeveyn

Kaynakça

• Aarts, M.J., Wendel-Vos, W., van Oers, H.A.M., van de Goor, I.A.M. ve Schuit, A.J.
• (2010). Environmental determinants of outdoor play in children: A largescale
• cross-sectional study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine,
• (3), 212–219.
• Arbogast, K.L., Kane, B.C.P., Kirwan, J.L. ve Hertel, B.R. (2009). Vegetation and outdoor
• recess time at elementary schools: what are the connections?. Journal of
• Environmental Psychology, (baskıda), DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.03.002
• Barber, S.E., Jackson, C., Akhtar, S, Bingham, D.D., Ainsworth, H. ve diğerleri (2013).
• “Pre-schoolers in the playground” an outdoor physical activity intervention
• for children aged 18 months to 4 years old: study protocol for a pilot cluster
• randomised controlled trial. Trials, 14(326). doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-326.
• Bell, A.C. ve Dyment, J.E. (2008). Grounds for health: the intersection of green school
• grounds and health promoting schools, Environmental Education
• Research, 14(1), 77-90.
• Bringolf-Isler, B., Grize, L., Mader, U., Ruch, N. ve diğerleri (2010). Built environment,
• parents' perception, and children's vigorous outdoor play. Preventive
• Medicine, 50, 251–256.
• Brockman, R., Jago, R. ve Fox, K.R. (2011). Children's active play: self-reported
• motivators, barriers and facilitators. BMC Public Health, 11(461).
• doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-461
• Brown, W.H., Pfeiffer, K.A., McIver, K.L., Dowda, M., Addy, C.L. ve Pate, R.R. (2009).
• Social and environmental factors associated with preschoolers’
• nonsedentary physical activity. Child Development, 80(1), 45–58.
• Bulut, Z. ve Kılıçaslan, Ç. (2009). Çocuğa özgüven kazandırmada önemli bir ilke;
• çocuk oyun alanlarında güvenlik. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman
• Fakültesi Dergisi, 10 (1), 78-85.
• Burdette, H.L., ve Whitaker, R.C. (2005). A national study of neighborhood safety,
• outdoor play, television viewing, and obesity in preschool children.
• Pediatrics, 116(3), 657-662.
• Carver, A, Timperio, A., ve Crawford, D. (2008). Playing it safe: the influence of
• neighbourhood safety on children’s physical activity: A review. Health
• Place, 14(2), 217–227.
• Clements, R. (2004). An investigation of the status of outdoor play. Contemporary
• Issues in Early Childhood, 5(1), 68-80.
• OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEM ÇOCUKLARININ DIŞ MEKÂNDA
• OYUN FIRSATLARI VE Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nilgün CEVHER-KALBURAN EBEVEYN GÖRÜŞLERİ
• -
• Deretarla-Gül, E. (2012). Ailelerin çocuk bahçelerine ve çocuk bahçelerindeki
• materyallere bakış açılarının incelenmesi. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
• Dergisi, 21(3), 261-274.
• Erbay, F. ve Durmuşoğlu-Saltalı, N. (2012). Altı yaş çocuklarının günlük yaşantılarında
• oyunun yeri ve annelerin oyun algısı. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir
• Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2), 249-264.
• Frost, J. L., Wortham, S. C., ve Reifel, S. (2001). Play and Child Development. Upper
• Saddle River, NJ.: Prentice-Hall Inc.
• Gill, T. (2010). Putting risk in perspectives. Early Years Update.
• http://www.teachingexpertise.com/articles/putting-risk-perspective-10522.
• Erişim Tarihi: Mart 2013
• Gleave, J. (2008). Risk and play: A literature review. London: Play England.
• Gray, P. (2014). Give childhood back to children: if we want our offspring to have
• happy, productive and moral lives, we must allow more time for play, not
• less. The Independent, 12 Ocak 2014.
• http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/give-childhood-back-tochildren-
• if-we-want-our-offspring-to-have-happy-productive-and-morallives-
• we-must-allow-more-time-for-play-not-less-are-you-listening-gove-905
• html. Erişim Tarihi: 3 Şubat 2014
• Grigsby-Toussaint, D.S., Chi, S. ve Fiese, B.H. (2011). Where they live, how they play:
• Neighborhood greenness and outdoor physical activity among
• preschoolers. International Journal of Health Geographics, 10(66), 1-
• -
• Gül, A., ve Küçük, V. (2001). Kentsel açık-yeşil alanlar ve Isparta kenti örneğinde
• irdelenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi,
• , 27-48.
• Herrington, S., ve Studmann, K. (1998). Landscape interventions: New directions for
• the design of children’s outdoor play environments. Landscape and Urban
• Planning, 42, 191-205.
• Johnson, J. E., Christie, J. F. ve Wardle, F. (2005). Play, development, and early
• education. USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Kimbro, R.T., Brooks-Gunn, J. ve McLanahan, S. (2011). Young children in urban
• areas: Links among neighborhood characteristics, weight status, outdoor
• play, and television watching. Social Science ve Medicine, 72, 668-676.
• Knight, S. (2012). Why adventure and why risk in the early years?. ChildLinks, 3,
• -18.
• SOSYAL POLİTİKA
• ÇALIŞMALARI DERGİSİ Yıl:14 • Sayı: 32 • Ocak-Haziran 2014
• -
• Koçan, N. (2012). Çocuk oyun alanlarının yeterliliği üzerine bir araştırma: Uşak Kenti
• Kemalöz Mahallesi örneği. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
• Dergisi, 28(4), 315-321.
• Little, H. ve Eager, D. (2010). Risk, challenge and safety: implications for play quality
• and playground design. European Early Childhood Education Research
• Journal, 18(4), 497-513.
• Louv, R. (2010). Doğadaki son çocuk. (Çev: Ceyhan Temürcü). TUBİTAK Popüler
• Bilim Kitaplığı.
• McCans, S.E. (2004). Wild places: An exploration of mothers’ attitudes and
• beliefs regarding risk in outdoor play settings. Yükseklisans tezi.
• Kanada: The University of Guelph.
• McCurdy, L. E., Winterbottom, K. E., Mehta, S. S., ve Roberts, J. R. (2010). Using nature
• and outdoor activity to improve children's health. Current Problems in
• Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 40(5), 102-117.
• Memik, N. H. (2004). An evaluation of the changing approaches to children’s
• play spaces. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Orta Doğu
• Teknik Üniversitesi.
• Moore, G. T. (1997). Favorable locations for child care centers. Child Care
• Information Exchange, 9(97), 73-76.
• Moore, G. (2002). Designed environments for young children: Empirical findings and
• implications for planning and design. In M. Gallop and J. McCormack
• (Eds.), Children and Young People’s Environments. (ss. 53-63). New
• Zealand: University of Otago, Children’s Issues Centre.
• Moore, R. ve Wong, H. (1997). Natural Learning: Rediscovering Nature’s Way
• of Teaching. Berkeley, CA: MIG Communications.
• Ornelas, I. J., Perreira, K. M., ve Ayala, G. X. (2007). Parental Influences on Adolescent
• Physical Activity: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of
• Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4(3).
• Ozdemir, A. ve Yilmaz, O. (2008). Assessment of outdoor school environments and
• physical activity in Ankara's primary schools. Journal of Environmental
• Psychology, 28(3), 287-300.
• Palmer, S. (2010). Zehirlenen çocukluk: Modern dünyanın çocuklar üzerindeki
• zararlı etkileri. (Çev. Özge Çağlar Aksoy). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
• Pardee, M., Gillman, A. ve Larson, C. (2005). Community investment collaborative
• for kids: resource guide 4. USA: The Local Initiatives Support
• Corporation/Community Investment Collaborative for Kids.
• OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEM ÇOCUKLARININ DIŞ MEKÂNDA
• OYUN FIRSATLARI VE Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nilgün CEVHER-KALBURAN EBEVEYN GÖRÜŞLERİ
• -
• Parsons, A. (2011). Young children and nature: Outdoor play and development,
• experiences fostering environmental consciousness, and the
• implications on playground design. Yüksek lisans tezi. ABD: Virginia
• Polytechnic Institute and State University.
• Pica, R. (2003) Your Active Child: how to boost physical, emotional, and
• cognitive development through age-appropriate activity. Chicago:
• Contemporary Books.
• Prezza, M., Alparone, F., Cristallo, C. ve Luigi, S. (2005). Parental perception of social
• risk and of positive potentiality of outdoor autonomy for children: the
• development of two instruments. Journal of Environmental Psychology,
• (4), 437–453.
• Rivkin, M. (1997). The Schoolyard Habitat Movement: What It Is and Why Children
• Need It. Early Childhood Education Journal, 25(1), 61-67.
• Roemmich, J.N., Epstein, L.H., Raja, S., Yin, L., Robinson, J., ve Winiewicz, D. (2006).
• Association of access to parks and recreational facilities with the physical
• activity of young children. Prev Med, 43(6), 437– 441.
• Sandseter, E.B.H. (2007). Categorising risky play—how can we identify risk-taking in
• children’s play? European Early Childhood Education Research
• Journal, 15(2), 237-252.
• Sandseter, E.B.H. (2009). Characteristics of risky play. Journal of Adventure
• Education and Outdoor Learning, 9(1), 3-21.
• Sandseter, E.B.H. (2010). ‘It tickles in my tummy!’-Understanding children’s risk-taking
• in play through Reversal Theory. Journal of Early Childhood Research,
• (1), 67–88.
• Sandseter, E.B.H. ve Kennair, L.E.O. (2011). Children’s risky play from an evolutionary
• perspective: The anti-phobic effects of thrilling experiences. Evolutionary
• Psychology, 9(2), 257–284.
• Sanoff, H. (1995). Creating environments for young children. Raleigh, NC: School
• of Design at North Carolina State University. (ED 394 640).
• Sciarra, D. J., Dorsey, A. G. ve Lynch, E. (2009). Developing and administrating a
• child care and education program. USA: Wadsworth Cengace Learning.
• Şişman, E.E. ve Özyavuz, M. (2010). Çocuk oyun alanlarının dağılımı ve kullanım
• yeterliliği: Tekirdağ örneği. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 13-22.
• Tandon, P. S., Zhou, C. ve Christakis, D. A. (2012). Frequency of parent-supervised
• outdoor play of US preschool-aged children. Archives of Pediatrics and
• Adolescent Medicines. 166(8), 707-712.
• SOSYAL POLİTİKA
• ÇALIŞMALARI DERGİSİ Yıl:14 • Sayı: 32 • Ocak-Haziran 2014
• -
• Taylor, A. F., Kuo, F. E. ve Sullivan, W. C. (2001). Coping with ADD: The surprising
• connection to green play settings. Environment and Behavior, 33(1), 54-
• -
• Taylor, A. ve Kuo, F. E. (2009). Children with attention deficits concentrate better
• after walk in the park. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12 (5). 402–409.
• Tovey, H. (2007). Playing outdoors: Spaces and places, risk and challenge.
• Maidenhead: Open University Press.
• Turgut, H. ve Yılmaz, S. (2010). Ekoloji temelli çocuk oyun alanlarının oluşturulması. III.
• Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi (20-22 Mayıs). Cilt: IV, 1618-1630.
• Türkan, E.E. ve Önder, S. (2011). Balıkesir kenti çocuk oyun alanlarının irdelenmesi.
• Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(3), 69-80.
• Ünal, M. (2009). Çocuk gelişiminde oyun alanlarının yeri ve önemi. İnönü
• Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 95-109.
• Valentine, G. ve McKendrick, J. (1997). Children’s outdoor play: exploring parental
• concerns about children’s safety and the changing nature of childhood.
• Geoforum, 28, 219-235.
• Veitch, J., Bagley, S., Ball, K. ve Salmon, J. (2006). Where do children usually play?
• A qualitative study of parents’ perceptions of influences on children’s active
• free-play. Health and Place, 12, 383–393.
• Wells, N.M. (2000). At home with nature: Effects of “greenness” on children’s cognitive
• functioning. Environment and Behavior, 32(6), 775-795.
• Wells, N. M. ve Evans, G.W. (2003). Nearby nature: A buffer of life stress among rural
• children. Environment and Behavior, 35(3), 311-330.
• White, R. ve Stoecklin, V. (1998). Children’s outdoor play and learning environments:
• Returning to nature. Early Childhood News, March/April.
• Wilson, R. (2008). Nature and young children: Encouraging creative play and
• learning in natural environments. New York: Routledge.
• Witten, K., Kearns, R., Carroll, P., Asiasiga, L. ve Tava’e, N. (2013). New Zealand
• parents’ understandings of the intergenerational decline in children’s
• independent outdoor play and active travel. Children’s Geographies,
• (2), 215-229.