IS THE LEVEL OF FOOTBALL A DETERMINANT OF PROSOCIAL AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR?

Year 2020, Volume: 18 Issue: 4, 125 - 133, 30.12.2020

Yunus Emre Yarayan , Aydıner Birsin Yıldız , Doğukan Batur Alp Gülşen , Levent İlhan

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.679950

Cited By: 8

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determining role of football level (amateur, professional, national) on prosocial and antisocial behaviors. A total of 300 male football players aged 19-30 years participated in the study voluntarily. In the scope of the research “Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior Scale in Sports” developed by Kavussanu and Boardley (2009) and Turkish adapted by Sezen-Balçıkanlı (2013) was used as data collection tool. In this research, simple linear regression analysis method was used to determine the power of independent variable in predicting dependent variables. According to the results of the research, it was found that the level of sportsmanship predicted prosocial behavior to his team mate significantly and explained 4% of the variance, predicted prosocial behavior to the opponent team player and explained 20% of the variance. In addition, it was found that the level of sportsmanship predicted antisocial behavior to teammate significantly and explained 5% of the variance, the opponent team player predicted antisocial behavior significantly and explained 25% of the variance. When the mean scores within the groups were examined, it was found that national and professional athletes had higher mean scores in prosocial behaviors and lower average in antisocial behaviors than amateur athletes. As a result, it was concluded that as the level of sportsmanship increases, prosocial behavior will increase to the teammate and the opponent team player and antisocial behavior will increase to the teammate and the opponent team player.

Keywords

Antisocial behavior, prosocial behavior, football player

FUTBOLCULUK SEVİYESİ PROSOSYAL VE ANTİSOSYAL DAVRANIŞLARIN BİR BELİRLEYİCİSİ MİDİR?

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, futbolculuk seviyesinin (amatör, profesyonel, milli) prososyal ve antisosyal davranışlar üzerindeki belirleyici rolünü tespit etmektir. Araştırmaya yaşları 19-30 arasında değişen 300 erkek futbolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında veri toplama aracı olarak Kavussanu ve Boardley (2009) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe uyarlaması Sezen-Balçıkanlı (2013) tarafından yapılan “Sporda Prososyal ve Antisosyal Davranış Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçeğe verilen yanıtların iç tutarlılığı Cronbach’s Alpha (α) ile incelenmiş ve katsayı .75 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğe ait puan dağılımlarının çarpıklık ve basıklık değerleri dikkate alındığında verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın istatistiksel analizlerinde, bağımsız değişkenin bağımlı değişkenleri yordamadaki gücünü belirlemek amacıyla basit doğrusal regresyon analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, sporculuk düzeyinin, takım arkadaşına prososyal davranışı anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı ve varyansın %4’ünü açıkladığı, rakip takım oyuncusuna prososyal davranışı anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı ve varyansın %20’sini açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sporculuk düzeyi takım arkadaşına antisosyal davranışı anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı ve varyansın %5’ini açıkladığı, rakip takım oyuncusuna antisosyal davranışı anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı ve varyansın %25’ini açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Gruplar içi puan ortalamaları incelendiğinde, milli ve profesyonel sporcuların amatör sporcu grubuna göre prososyal davranışlarda daha yüksek ortalamaya sahip olduğu, antisosyal davranışlarda ise daha düşük ortalamaya sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Antisosyal Davranış, futbolcu, prososyal davranış

References

• Altın M., Özsarı., A. (2017). The moral decision making attitudes of the athletes attending to sport training centers. International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies IntJCSS. 3(1), 133–45.
• Balçıkanlı, G. S., Yıldıran, İ. (2018). Elit salon hokeyi oyuncularında empatik beceri ile prososyal davranışlar arasındaki ilişki. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1), 1-8.
• Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Prentice-hall.
• Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3), 193-209.
• Bardi, A., Schwartz, S. H. (2003). Values and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 29(10), 1207-1220.
• Boardley, I. D. (2019). Moral behavior in sport and physical activity. In T. S. Horn, A. L. Smith (Eds.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 191–210
• Boardley, I. D., Kavussanu, M. (2008). The moral disengagement in sport scale–short. Journal of sports sciences, 26(14), 1507-1517.
• Boardley, I. D., Kavussanu, M. (2009). The influence of social variables and moral disengagement on prosocial and antisocial behaviours in field hockey and netball. Journal of sports sciences, 27(8), 843-854.
• Bortoli, L., Messina, G., Zorba, M., Robazza, C. (2012). Contextual and individual influences on antisocial behaviour and psychobiosocial states of youth soccer players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(4), 397-406.
• Chow, G. M., Murray, K. E., Feltz, D. L. (2009). Individual, team, and coach predictors of players' likelihood to aggress in youth soccer. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31(4), 425-443.
• Danish, S., Forneris, T., Hodge, K., Heke, I. (2004). Enhancing youth development through sport. World Leisure Journal, 46(3), 38–49. doi: 10.1080/04419057.2004.9674365.
• Fry, M. D., Gano-Overway, L. A. (2010). Exploring the contribution of the caring climate to the youth sport experience. Journal of applied sport psychology, 22(3), 294-304.
• Görgülü, R., Adiloğulları, G. E., Tosun, Ö. M., Adiloğulları, İ. (2018). Prososyal ve antisosyal davranış ile sporcu kimliğinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(3), 147-161.
• Guivernau, M., Duda, J. L. (2002). Moral atmosphere and athletic aggressive tendencies in young soccer players. Journal of Moral Education, 31(1), 67-85.
• Gürpınar, B., Kurşun, S. (2013). Basketbolcuların ve futbolcuların sportmenlik yönelimleri. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 3(1), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.13114/MJH/20131660
• Güvendi, B., İsim, A. T. (2019). Moral Disengagement Level of Team Athletes Depending on Unethical Behaviors They Perceived from Their Coaches. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(4), 83-92.
• Karasar, N. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Kavramlar, Teknikler ve İlkeler (27. Baskı), Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
• Kavussanu, M. (2007). Morality in sport. In Social psychology in sport, Edited by: Jowett, S. and Lavallee, D.E. 265–278. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
• Kavussanu, M. (2008). Moral behaviour in sport: A critical review of the literature. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(2), 124-138.
• Kavussanu, M., Boardley, I. D. (2009). The prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31(1), 97-117.
• Kavussanu, M., Ntoumanis, N. (2003). Participation in sport and moral functioning: Does ego orientation mediate their relationship?. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(4), 501-518.
• Kavussanu, M., Roberts, G. C., Ntoumanis, N. (2002). Contextual influences on moral functioning of college basketball players. The Sport Psychologist, 16(4), 347-367.
• Kavussanu, M., Seal, A. R., Phillips, D. R. (2006). Observed prosocial and antisocial behaviors in male soccer teams: Age differences across adolescence and the role of motivational variables. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(4), 326-344.
• Kavussanu, M., Stamp, R., Slade, G., Ring, C. (2009). Observed prosocial and antisocial behaviors in male and female soccer players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(S1), S62-S76.
• Kavussanu, M., Stanger, N. (2017). Moral behavior in sport. In P. Beek, R. Oudejans, & V. Hutter (Eds.), Special Issue in Sport Psychology, Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 185–192. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.010.
• Kavussanu, M., Stanger, N., Boardley, I. D. (2013). The Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour in Sport Scale: Further evidence for construct validity and reliability. Journal of sports sciences, 31(11), 1208-1221.
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Methodology in the Social Sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
• Malete, L., Chow, G. M., Feltz, D. L. (2013). Influence of coaching efficacy and coaching competency on athlete‐level moral variables in B otswana youth soccer. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(10), 2107-2119.
• Mallia, L., Lucidi, F., Zelli, A., Chirico, A., Hagger, M. S. (2019). Predicting moral attitudes and antisocial behavior in young team sport athletes: A self‐determination theory perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 49(4), 249-263.
• Miller, B. W., Roberts, G. C., Ommundsen, Y. (2005). Effect of perceived motivational climate on moral functioning, team moral atmosphere perceptions, and the legitimacy of intentionally injurious acts among competitive youth football players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6(4), 461-477.
• Özbek, O., Nalbant, U. (2016, 01–04 Kasım). Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'ndeki genç sporcuların ahlaki karar alma tutumları (p. 14). Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi, Antalya.
• Rutten, E. A., Biesta, G. J., Deković, M., Stams, G. J. J., Schuengel, C., Verweel, P. (2010). Using forum theatre in organised youth soccer to positively influence antisocial and prosocial behaviour: A pilot study. Journal of Moral Education, 39(1), 65-78.
• Rutten, E. A., Schuengel, C., Dirks, E., Stams, G. J. J., Biesta, G. J., Hoeksma, J. B. (2011). Predictors of antisocial and prosocial behavior in an adolescent sports context. Social Development, 20(2), 294-315.
• Sezen-Balçıkanlı, G. (2013). The Turkish adaptation of the prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport scale (PABSS), International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(18), 271-276.
• Shields, D.L., Bredemeier, B.J.L. (1995). Character development and physical activity, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
• Solomon, G.B. (2004). A lifespan view of moral development in physical activity. In Developmental sport and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective, Edited by: Weiss, M.R. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
• Stephens, D. E. (2000). Predictors of Likelihood to Aggress in Youth Soccer: An Examination of Coed and All-Girls Teams. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(3).
• Stephens, D. E., Bredemeier, B. J. L. (1996). Moral atmosphere and judgments about aggression in girls’ soccer: Relationships among moral and motivational variables. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 18(2), 158-173.
• Weiss, M.R., Smith, A.L. and Stuntz, C.P. (2008). Moral development in sport and physical activity. In Advances in sport psychology, Edited by: Horn, T.S. 187–210. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
• Yetim, A. A. (2015). Sosyoloji ve spor. 7. Baskı, Ankara: Berikan Yayınevi.