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ANTİK EGE’DE KURULMUŞ İLK ULUSLARARASI SPOR ÖRGÜTÜ: ULUSLARARASI (EKÜMENİK ) SPORCULAR DERNEĞİ

Year 2024, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 1 - 15, 30.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1399115

Abstract

Antik Yunan kültürünün önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan agonlardan günümüze sadece stadyum, hipodrom gibi yapılar kalmamış, bu çok kapsamlı ve zengin agon kültürü beraberinde birçok oluşumu ve yeniliği de tarih sahnesine ilk defa çıkarmıştır. Bunlardan bir tanesi de Efes veya Sardes’de kurulduğu öne sürülen ve varlığına ilişkin en erken kanıtların MÖ 1. yüzyılda belirlenebildiği biçimsel (formal) bir spor örgütü olan ‘Uluslararası (Ekümenik) Sporcular Derneği’dir. Derneğin kuruluş gerekçelerini ise ortaya çıktığı Roma döneminde yaşanan profesyonelleşme, oyun sayısındaki artış, oyunların bir festival ağı içerisinde sırasıyla düzenlenme zorunluluğu, sporcuların bir kentten diğerine seyahat ihtiyacı, gidilen şehrin ve organizasyon içeriğinin bilinmesi gereksinimi oluşturmaktadır. Zira hayli yoğun ve karmaşık festival ağının bir düzen içerisinde işlevsel biçimde yürütülmesi uluslararası boyutlu bilgi akışının sağlanabildiği bir yapılanmayı zorunlu kılmıştır. Küçük Asya’dan İskenderiye’ye, Suriye’den İtalya’ya kadar çok geniş bir coğrafyada sporcu, antrenör (aleiptēs), hakem (hellanodikai), seyirci vb kapsayan agonal toplumsal hareketliliğin merkezinde yer alan Derneğin, üyelerine sağladıkları çeşitli dokunulmazlık ve ayrıcalıklar, etkinlik alanları çeşitli epigrafik kayıtlarla günümüze ulaşmıştır. Tarihsel bulgular, derneğin biçimsel bir örgütün belirleyicisi olan yapılanma özellikleri ve sporculara yönelik işlevleri ile tarihte bilinen ilk biçimsel spor örgütünün, Anadolu’da kurulan Uluslararası (Ekümenik) Sporcular Derneği olduğu sonucunu çıkarmaktadır. Ege’de kurulan uluslararası sporcular derneğinin varlığı, spor kültürümüz ve spor bilimleri açısından önemli bir kültürel mirasımız olarak irdelenmesi gereken bir konu olarak görülmektedir. Bu araştırma ile antik dönemde faaliyet gösteren Sporcular Derneğinin kuruluş yeri, organizasyonel yapısı ve işleyişi, sporculara kazanımlarını ortaya koymak amaçlanmış, çalışma doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılarak yapılandırılmıştır.

References

  • Amelotti, M. (1955). La posizione degli atleti di fronte al diritto romano. Studia et documenta historiae et iuris, 21, 123-156.
  • Balcı, A. (2005). Açıklamalı eğitim yönetimi terimleri sözlüğü. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Başgelen, N. (2009). Antik çağ kent yaşamında kamusal spor mekânları ve Anadolu gymnasionları genel bir bakış. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Bursalıoğlu, Z. (1994). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Chaniotis, A. (1995). Sich selbst feiern? Städtische Feste des Hellenismus im Spannungsfeld von Religion und Politik. Paul Zanker, Michael Wörrle (Ed.), In Stadtbild und Bürgerbild im Hellenismus (pp.147-172). München: Beck.
  • Chaniotis, A. (2011). Thesaurus Cultus et Rituum Antiquorum Volume VII. Festivals and Contests. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum.
  • Çokbankır, N. (2010). Yazıtlar ışığında Roma imparatorluk çağı Küçük Asya agonları ve sporcuları. Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskiçağ Dilleri ve Kültürleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Antalya.
  • Decker, W. (1995). Sport in der griechischen Antike. Vom minoischen Wettkampf bis zu den Olympischen Spielen. Munchen.
  • Diem, C. (1964). 776 v. Chr. Olympiaden 1964: Eine Geschichte des Sports. Stuttgart: Cotta Verlag.
  • Dinçkol, B. (2017). Atina Demokrasisinden Roma Cumhuriyetine ‘Demos’tan Populus Romanus’a. Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23(3), 751-765.
  • Drew-Bear, T. (2000). Pisidia Antiokheia tiyatrosunun yazıtları, AST, 17(1), 209-214.
  • Ebert, J. (1997). Zur neuen Bronzeplatte mit Siegerinschriften aus Olympia (Inv.1148). Nikephoros, 10, 217-233. Farrington, A. (1997). Olympic Victors and the Popularity of the Olympic Games in the Imperial Period. Tyche, 12, 15-47.
  • Fauconnier, B. (2018). Ecumenical Synods: The Associations of Athletes and Artists in the Roman Empire. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
  • Fauconnier, B. (2017). The Organisation of Synods of Competitors in the Roman Empire. Historia 66 (4), 442-467.
  • Fauconnier, B. (2016). Athletes and Artists in an Expanding World. The Development of Transregional Associations of Competitors in the First Century BC. Christian Mann, S. Remijsen, S. Scharff, (Eds.), In Athletics in the Hellenistic World (pp.73-93). Stuttgart.
  • Forbes, C. A. (1955). Ancient Athletic Guilds. Classical Philology, 50(4), 238-252.
  • Forbes, C.A. (1943), Accidents and fatalities in Greek athletics. Classical Studies in Honor of William Abbott Oldfather, 50-59.
  • Hervás, R. G. (2023). Agonistic Legislation in Hadrian’s Time. The Material Dynamics of Festivals in the Graeco-Roman East, 51.
  • Howatson, M.C. (2014). Oxford Antikçağ sözlüğü. İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi.
  • Gouw, P. (2008). Hadrian and the Calendar of Greek Agonistic Festivals: A New Proposal for the Third Year of the Olympic Cycle. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 165, 96-104.
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Korkmaz, S. & Bağırgan, T. (2021). Antik çağın son olimpiyatı ‘Antakya’. Turkish Studies, 16(3), 979- 988. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.49859.
  • Lämmer, M. (1967), Olympien und Hadrianeen im antiken Ephesos. Dissertation, Köln Universität.
  • Lehner, M. L. (2004). Die Agonistik im Ephesos der römischen Kaiserzeit. Doktorarbeit, München Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität.
  • Leschhorn, W. (1998). Die Verbreitung von Agonen in ostlichen Provinzen des romischen Reiches. Stadion, 14/1: 31-57.
  • Mann, C. (2016). Sport im Hellenismus: Forschungsstand und Forschungsperspectiven. Christian Mann, Sofie Remijsen, Sebastian Scharff (Eds.), In Athletics in the Hellenistic World (pp.17-30). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Mathys, M. (2016). Athleten im Gymnasion von Pergamon. Christian Mann, Sofie Remijsen, Sebastian Scharff (Eds.), In Athletics in the Hellenistic World (s.131-152). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Miller, S.G. (2004). Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Mitchell, S. (1990). Festivals, Games and Civic Life in Roman Asia Minor. The Journal of Roman Studies, 80,183-193.
  • Moretti, L. (1957). Olympionikai, i vincitori negli antichi agoni olimpici. Roma: Accademia Nationale dei Lincei Moretti, L. (1953). Iscrizioni Agonistische Greche. Roma: A.Signorelli.
  • Papakonstantinou, Z. (2019). Sport and identity in Ancient Greece. Routledge.
  • Petzl, G. & Schwertheim, E. (2006). Hadrian und die dionysischen Künstler: drei in Alexandria Troas neufegundene Briefe des Kaisers an die Künstler Vereinigung. Asia Minor Studien.
  • Pleket, H. W. (2014a). Sport in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor. P. Christesen-D. G. Kyle (Eds.), In A companion to sport and spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity (s: 364-375). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
  • Pleket, H.W. (2014b), On the Sociology of Ancient Sport, T.F. Scanlon (Hg.), Sport in the Greek and Roman Worlds, II: Greek athletic identities and Roman sports and spectacle, Oxford, 29– 81.
  • Pleket, H.W. (2012). An agonistic inscription from Sardis. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 181, 102-107.
  • Pleket, H. W. (2001). Zur Sozologie des antiken Sports. Nikephoros, 14, 157-212.
  • Pleket, H. W. (2000). The infrastructure of sport in the cities of the Greek World. Sicenze dell’antichità: Storia, archeologia, antropologia, 10, 627-644.
  • Pleket, H. W. (1996). The reward of ancient Athlete. Heleen Sancisi-Weenderburg-Thomas van Maaren (Eds.), In The magic of olympic fame: Flashbacks to the history of the Games (s.27-30). Utrecht: Utrecht University.
  • Pleket, H. W. (1973). Some sspects of the history of the Athletic Guilds. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 10, 197-227.
  • Poland, F. (1909). Geschichte des griechischen Vereinswesens. Leipzig.
  • Remijsen, S. (2015). The end of Greek Athletics in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Remijsen, S. (2010). The introduction of the Antiochene Olympics: A Proposal for a New Date. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 50, 411–436.
  • Remijsen, S. (2009). Challenged by Egyptians: Greek Sports in the third century BC. Z. Papakonstantinou (Ed.), In Sport in the Cultures of the Ancient World: New Perspectives (pp 98–123). London – New York: Routledge.
  • Rigsby, K. J. (1996). Asylia territorial inviolability in the hellenistic world culture society. University of California Press.
  • Robert, L. (1967). Sur des inscriptions d’Ephèse. Fêtes, athletes, empereurs, épigrammes. Revue de philologie, de littérature et d'histoire anciennes, 41, 7-84(= OMS 5, 347-424).
  • Saltuk, S. (1995). Antik stadyumlar. İnkılap Kitabevi.
  • Slater, W. (2015). Victory and bureaucracy: The process of agonistic rewards. Phoenix, 69(1/2), 147-169.
  • Sinn, U., Ladstätter, G., Martin, A., Völling, T.& et.all. (1995). Bericht über das Forschungsprojekt ‘Olympia während der römischen Kaiserzeit und in der Spätanike’ IV. Die Arbeiten im Jahr 1995. Teil 1. Nikephoros, 8, 161-182.
  • Taşdöner, K. (2012). Romalı Triumvir Marcus Antonius’un Anadolu’da siyasi düzenlemeleri. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31(51), 209-236.
  • Tomay, B. & Değirmencioğlu, H. (2017). Antik çağda Anadolu’da spor turizmi. Yalvaç Akademi Dergisi, 2 (2), 9-21.
  • Uzunaslan, A. (1998). Antik Helenlerde bedensel agonlar. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Van Nijf, O. M. & Williamson (2016). Connecting the Greeks: Festival networks in the Hellenistic World. Christian Mann, Sofie Remijsen, Sebastian Scharff (Eds.), In Athletics in Hellenistic World (43-72). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Van Nijf, O. M. (2012). Political Games. Eds. K. Coleman-J. Nelis-Clément-P. Ducrey. In L’organisation des spectacles dans le monde romain: huit exposés suivis de discussions, 22-26 août 2011 Septembre. Geneve: 47—95. https://www.academia.edu/1047092/Political_Games_in_Entretiens_Hardt_2012
  • Van Nijf, O.M. (2004). The Roman Olympics. Kaila, M.A. et al (Eds.), In The Olympic Games in Antiquity (pp. 186-215). Atrapos: Athen.
  • Van Nijf, O. M. (2001). Local heroes: athletics, festivals, and elite self-fashioning in The Roman East. S. Goldhill (Ed.), In Being Greek under Rome (pp.306-334). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yegül, F. (2006). Antik çağda hamamlar ve yıkanma. İstanbul: Homer Kitabevi.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Weiler, I., 2008. Der Agon, die Agonalitat und das Agonale aus der Sicht des Althistorikers. Leipziger Sportwissenschaftliche Beiträge, 49(1), 4-26.
  • West, W. C. (1990). M. Oulpios Domestikos and the athletic synod at Ephesus. Ancient History Bulletin, 4, 84-89.
  • I.Ankyra 140 - yarışma yöneticisi Ulpius Aelius Pompeianus’un yazıtı: http://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/267068

THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SPORTS ORGANIZATION ESTABLISHED IN THE ANCIENT AEGEAN: INTERNATIONAL (ECUMENICAL) ATHLETES ASSOCIATION

Year 2024, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 1 - 15, 30.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1399115

Abstract

stadiums and hippodromes remain from this extensive and rich agonistic culture. These games introduced various organizations and innovations to history, one of which is the 'International (Ecumenical) Athletes Association,' a formal sports organization that is believed to have been established in Ephesus or Sardis. The earliest evidence of its existence can be traced back to the 1st century BC. The reasons for the establishment of this association include the professionalization that occurred during the Roman era, an increase in the number of games, the necessity of organizing games within a festival network, the need for athletes to travel from one city to another, and the requirement to know the host city and the content of the organization. Managing the extensive and complex festival network in an organized manner made it imperative to establish a structure that could facilitate international information flow. The Association, which played a central role in the social mobility of agonistic movements encompassing athletes, coaches (aleiptēs), referees (hellanodikai), spectators, and more, from Asia Minor to Alexandria, Syria to Italy, is documented through various epigraphic records that detail the immunities and privileges it provided to its members. Historical findings and the organizational characteristics of the association, as well as its functions towards athletes, lead to the conclusion that the International (Ecumenical) Athletes Association, established in Anatolia, is the first known formal sports organization in history. The existence of an international athletes' association established in the Aegean is seen as an important cultural heritage to be examined from the perspective of our sports culture and sports sciences. This research aims to present the activities, place of establishment, organizational structure, and functioning of the Athletes Association that operated in ancient times, as well as the gains for athletes. The study was conducted using the document review method.

References

  • Amelotti, M. (1955). La posizione degli atleti di fronte al diritto romano. Studia et documenta historiae et iuris, 21, 123-156.
  • Balcı, A. (2005). Açıklamalı eğitim yönetimi terimleri sözlüğü. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Başgelen, N. (2009). Antik çağ kent yaşamında kamusal spor mekânları ve Anadolu gymnasionları genel bir bakış. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Bursalıoğlu, Z. (1994). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Chaniotis, A. (1995). Sich selbst feiern? Städtische Feste des Hellenismus im Spannungsfeld von Religion und Politik. Paul Zanker, Michael Wörrle (Ed.), In Stadtbild und Bürgerbild im Hellenismus (pp.147-172). München: Beck.
  • Chaniotis, A. (2011). Thesaurus Cultus et Rituum Antiquorum Volume VII. Festivals and Contests. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum.
  • Çokbankır, N. (2010). Yazıtlar ışığında Roma imparatorluk çağı Küçük Asya agonları ve sporcuları. Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskiçağ Dilleri ve Kültürleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Antalya.
  • Decker, W. (1995). Sport in der griechischen Antike. Vom minoischen Wettkampf bis zu den Olympischen Spielen. Munchen.
  • Diem, C. (1964). 776 v. Chr. Olympiaden 1964: Eine Geschichte des Sports. Stuttgart: Cotta Verlag.
  • Dinçkol, B. (2017). Atina Demokrasisinden Roma Cumhuriyetine ‘Demos’tan Populus Romanus’a. Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23(3), 751-765.
  • Drew-Bear, T. (2000). Pisidia Antiokheia tiyatrosunun yazıtları, AST, 17(1), 209-214.
  • Ebert, J. (1997). Zur neuen Bronzeplatte mit Siegerinschriften aus Olympia (Inv.1148). Nikephoros, 10, 217-233. Farrington, A. (1997). Olympic Victors and the Popularity of the Olympic Games in the Imperial Period. Tyche, 12, 15-47.
  • Fauconnier, B. (2018). Ecumenical Synods: The Associations of Athletes and Artists in the Roman Empire. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
  • Fauconnier, B. (2017). The Organisation of Synods of Competitors in the Roman Empire. Historia 66 (4), 442-467.
  • Fauconnier, B. (2016). Athletes and Artists in an Expanding World. The Development of Transregional Associations of Competitors in the First Century BC. Christian Mann, S. Remijsen, S. Scharff, (Eds.), In Athletics in the Hellenistic World (pp.73-93). Stuttgart.
  • Forbes, C. A. (1955). Ancient Athletic Guilds. Classical Philology, 50(4), 238-252.
  • Forbes, C.A. (1943), Accidents and fatalities in Greek athletics. Classical Studies in Honor of William Abbott Oldfather, 50-59.
  • Hervás, R. G. (2023). Agonistic Legislation in Hadrian’s Time. The Material Dynamics of Festivals in the Graeco-Roman East, 51.
  • Howatson, M.C. (2014). Oxford Antikçağ sözlüğü. İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi.
  • Gouw, P. (2008). Hadrian and the Calendar of Greek Agonistic Festivals: A New Proposal for the Third Year of the Olympic Cycle. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 165, 96-104.
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Korkmaz, S. & Bağırgan, T. (2021). Antik çağın son olimpiyatı ‘Antakya’. Turkish Studies, 16(3), 979- 988. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.49859.
  • Lämmer, M. (1967), Olympien und Hadrianeen im antiken Ephesos. Dissertation, Köln Universität.
  • Lehner, M. L. (2004). Die Agonistik im Ephesos der römischen Kaiserzeit. Doktorarbeit, München Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität.
  • Leschhorn, W. (1998). Die Verbreitung von Agonen in ostlichen Provinzen des romischen Reiches. Stadion, 14/1: 31-57.
  • Mann, C. (2016). Sport im Hellenismus: Forschungsstand und Forschungsperspectiven. Christian Mann, Sofie Remijsen, Sebastian Scharff (Eds.), In Athletics in the Hellenistic World (pp.17-30). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Mathys, M. (2016). Athleten im Gymnasion von Pergamon. Christian Mann, Sofie Remijsen, Sebastian Scharff (Eds.), In Athletics in the Hellenistic World (s.131-152). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Miller, S.G. (2004). Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Mitchell, S. (1990). Festivals, Games and Civic Life in Roman Asia Minor. The Journal of Roman Studies, 80,183-193.
  • Moretti, L. (1957). Olympionikai, i vincitori negli antichi agoni olimpici. Roma: Accademia Nationale dei Lincei Moretti, L. (1953). Iscrizioni Agonistische Greche. Roma: A.Signorelli.
  • Papakonstantinou, Z. (2019). Sport and identity in Ancient Greece. Routledge.
  • Petzl, G. & Schwertheim, E. (2006). Hadrian und die dionysischen Künstler: drei in Alexandria Troas neufegundene Briefe des Kaisers an die Künstler Vereinigung. Asia Minor Studien.
  • Pleket, H. W. (2014a). Sport in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor. P. Christesen-D. G. Kyle (Eds.), In A companion to sport and spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity (s: 364-375). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
  • Pleket, H.W. (2014b), On the Sociology of Ancient Sport, T.F. Scanlon (Hg.), Sport in the Greek and Roman Worlds, II: Greek athletic identities and Roman sports and spectacle, Oxford, 29– 81.
  • Pleket, H.W. (2012). An agonistic inscription from Sardis. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 181, 102-107.
  • Pleket, H. W. (2001). Zur Sozologie des antiken Sports. Nikephoros, 14, 157-212.
  • Pleket, H. W. (2000). The infrastructure of sport in the cities of the Greek World. Sicenze dell’antichità: Storia, archeologia, antropologia, 10, 627-644.
  • Pleket, H. W. (1996). The reward of ancient Athlete. Heleen Sancisi-Weenderburg-Thomas van Maaren (Eds.), In The magic of olympic fame: Flashbacks to the history of the Games (s.27-30). Utrecht: Utrecht University.
  • Pleket, H. W. (1973). Some sspects of the history of the Athletic Guilds. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 10, 197-227.
  • Poland, F. (1909). Geschichte des griechischen Vereinswesens. Leipzig.
  • Remijsen, S. (2015). The end of Greek Athletics in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Remijsen, S. (2010). The introduction of the Antiochene Olympics: A Proposal for a New Date. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 50, 411–436.
  • Remijsen, S. (2009). Challenged by Egyptians: Greek Sports in the third century BC. Z. Papakonstantinou (Ed.), In Sport in the Cultures of the Ancient World: New Perspectives (pp 98–123). London – New York: Routledge.
  • Rigsby, K. J. (1996). Asylia territorial inviolability in the hellenistic world culture society. University of California Press.
  • Robert, L. (1967). Sur des inscriptions d’Ephèse. Fêtes, athletes, empereurs, épigrammes. Revue de philologie, de littérature et d'histoire anciennes, 41, 7-84(= OMS 5, 347-424).
  • Saltuk, S. (1995). Antik stadyumlar. İnkılap Kitabevi.
  • Slater, W. (2015). Victory and bureaucracy: The process of agonistic rewards. Phoenix, 69(1/2), 147-169.
  • Sinn, U., Ladstätter, G., Martin, A., Völling, T.& et.all. (1995). Bericht über das Forschungsprojekt ‘Olympia während der römischen Kaiserzeit und in der Spätanike’ IV. Die Arbeiten im Jahr 1995. Teil 1. Nikephoros, 8, 161-182.
  • Taşdöner, K. (2012). Romalı Triumvir Marcus Antonius’un Anadolu’da siyasi düzenlemeleri. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31(51), 209-236.
  • Tomay, B. & Değirmencioğlu, H. (2017). Antik çağda Anadolu’da spor turizmi. Yalvaç Akademi Dergisi, 2 (2), 9-21.
  • Uzunaslan, A. (1998). Antik Helenlerde bedensel agonlar. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Van Nijf, O. M. & Williamson (2016). Connecting the Greeks: Festival networks in the Hellenistic World. Christian Mann, Sofie Remijsen, Sebastian Scharff (Eds.), In Athletics in Hellenistic World (43-72). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Van Nijf, O. M. (2012). Political Games. Eds. K. Coleman-J. Nelis-Clément-P. Ducrey. In L’organisation des spectacles dans le monde romain: huit exposés suivis de discussions, 22-26 août 2011 Septembre. Geneve: 47—95. https://www.academia.edu/1047092/Political_Games_in_Entretiens_Hardt_2012
  • Van Nijf, O.M. (2004). The Roman Olympics. Kaila, M.A. et al (Eds.), In The Olympic Games in Antiquity (pp. 186-215). Atrapos: Athen.
  • Van Nijf, O. M. (2001). Local heroes: athletics, festivals, and elite self-fashioning in The Roman East. S. Goldhill (Ed.), In Being Greek under Rome (pp.306-334). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yegül, F. (2006). Antik çağda hamamlar ve yıkanma. İstanbul: Homer Kitabevi.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Weiler, I., 2008. Der Agon, die Agonalitat und das Agonale aus der Sicht des Althistorikers. Leipziger Sportwissenschaftliche Beiträge, 49(1), 4-26.
  • West, W. C. (1990). M. Oulpios Domestikos and the athletic synod at Ephesus. Ancient History Bulletin, 4, 84-89.
  • I.Ankyra 140 - yarışma yöneticisi Ulpius Aelius Pompeianus’un yazıtı: http://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/267068
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects History of Sports
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sevda Korkmaz 0000-0002-6006-0473

Tanju Bağırgan 0000-0001-9824-3374

Early Pub Date June 25, 2024
Publication Date July 30, 2024
Submission Date December 1, 2023
Acceptance Date June 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Korkmaz, S., & Bağırgan, T. (2024). ANTİK EGE’DE KURULMUŞ İLK ULUSLARARASI SPOR ÖRGÜTÜ: ULUSLARARASI (EKÜMENİK ) SPORCULAR DERNEĞİ. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1399115

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